Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 2. Thermal Analysis by DSC and TG

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amen-Chen ◽  
B. Riedl ◽  
C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Cure Kinetics ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Summary Cure behavior of resins formulated with petroleum phenol replaced by 25 and 50 wt% of softwood bark-derived pyrolysis oils, using various formaldehyde to phenolics molar ratios and alkalinity content, was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Kinetic parameters were obtained by the Borchart-Daniels method and the model-free (Vyazovkin) method. Resins containing up to 50% by wt of pyrolysis oils had slower cure kinetics and lower extent of condensation reaction compared to a neat laboratory made phenol-formaldehyde resin. However, very similar kinetic curing behavior to the standard resins was found for resols having 25% by wt of the petroleum phenol replaced by the pyrolysis oils. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) of cured pyrolysis oil-PF resins has been done under nitrogen and air environments at a constant heating rate. Thermal behavior of resins containing pyrolysis oils differed depending on the nature of the purge gas used in TG. Increasing the amount of pyrolysis oils decreased the thermal resistance of the experimental resins.

Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 3. Use of Propylene Carbonate as Resin Cure Accelerator

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amen-Chen ◽  
B. Riedl ◽  
X.-M. Wang ◽  
C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Cure Kinetics ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Resin Solid ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Summary Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resols were prepared with different proportions of phenol replaced with softwood bark pyrolysis oils under varying formaldehyde to phenolics molar ratios and sodium hydroxide contents. Propylene carbonate (PC) was added to these adhesives to improve the cure of resins. The cure behavior was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Cure kinetics and amount of cure of the experimental resin were improved by adding PC to the resins. Low amounts of PC were used (less than 1.5% of PC on a resin solid basis) to avoid premature gelling of the adhesives. Results obtained by DSC suggested that PC catalyzed the resin cure reaction and also participated in resin cross-linking reactions. Low percentages of PC, 0.5 and 1% on a resin solid basis, were added to the experimental resins for bonding strandboards. These addition levels did not significantly improve mechanical properties of strandboards. It is concluded that a PC addition level of more than 1% by wt (on a resin solid basis) should be used to modify the mechanical properties of panels bonded with pyrolysis oil-PF resins.

Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Vladimirs Biziks ◽  
Marco Fleckenstein ◽  
Carsten Mai ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wood Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Derivative ◽  
Bio Oil

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the suitability of a single mono-aromatic for substitution of petroleum-based phenol for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis and the usage of a new resin for wood treatment. After proper thermal decomposition of wood-based lignin, pyrolysis oil can be obtained. Due to the heterogeneity of the lignin macromolecule, oil contains large variety of organic-based compounds, mainly mono-aromatics, which are proposed to be used for replacement of phenol during PF resin synthesis. Therefore, for this purpose, nine of the most abundant mono-aromatic compounds in bio-oil were selected: ortho-, meta-, para-cresol, guaiacol, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, resorcinol, syringol, 4-ethylphenol and resol-type resin from each mono-aromatic were synthesized. Relevant features of the resin such as pH, viscosity, average molecular weight and curing behavior of resins using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were used to evaluate the suitability of resin for wood treatment in terms of dimensional stability and were compared with the PF resin-treated wood. From all tested resins, those made of guaiacol or ortho-, or meta-, or para-cresol and/or 4-ethylphenol proved to be suitable for wood treatment, whereas resins made of catechol or 4-methylguaiacol and syringol did not. Suitability of mono-aromatics for synthesis of resol-type resin depends on chemical structure, where the reactivity of the mono-aromatic (derivative of hydroxybenzene) is defined by the type, location and number of substituents.

Borax Modify Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesives

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hang Lin ◽  
Xiao Feng Zhu ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Free Phenol ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer

A modified phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was synthesized under alkaline condition in varying proportion of borax up to 21% (w/w). All the prepared resin were characterized by free phenol content, free formaldehyde content as well as hydroxymethyl content. It was proved by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) that B-O bond had been successfully introduced into the structure of PF resin. Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and different scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the thermodynamic characteristics of the PF resin. The result showed that when the mass fraction of borax was 9wt.% of PF resin, the heat resistance was the best and the curing temperature of the modified PF resin was higher than that of the unmodified PF resin.

Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Acetone Resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shabliy ◽  
Victor A. Klushin ◽  
Nina V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Conditions

5-hydroxymethylfurfural-acetone (5-HMFA) resins are obtained on the basis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and acetone, that is, from monomers whose source of raw materials is renewable resources (agricultural waste). The 5-HMFA condensation reaction was carried out under various experimental conditions. The synthesis conditions for 5-HMFA were selected with a yield of the desired product of 51%. The resulting resins were pressed at various curing temperatures and tested for compressive strength and absorption of water. The optimum pressing temperature was set to 180 ° C. The resulting composites have a strength not inferior to the strength of phenol-formaldehyde resin composites, but have a 3 times higher water resistance.

New Strategy toward Novel Hyperbranched Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Curing Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Samaresh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tof Ms

Novel hyperbranched phenol-formaldehyde (HBPF) resin 1 has been prepared for the first time. Thorough characterizations (FT-IR, NMR, HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS and elemental analyses and rheological flow behavior) were performed to ascertain the structure of HBPF 1. The condensationcuring event of HBPF with diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique.

Study on Diallyl Phthalate Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

2013 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Min Zhen Bao ◽  
Hong Wei Yu ◽  
Bin Fu Bao ◽  
Yuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Diallyl Phthalate

This paper aimed to produce the alkaline phenolic resin by the addition of diallyl phthalate into traditional phenolformaldehyde resin. Then the modified resin was characterized using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The results indicated that: the increase of the diallyl phthalate contributed to the rise of the storage modulus (E) and loss modulus (E), the decrease of the loss factor. Curing temperature also showed a decline trend and was decreased by 5°Cwhen the amount of modifider was 2.5% of the phenol. The improvemnt of Organic ester on curing of alkaline phenolic resin achieved by rapidly promoting resin molecular to generate reactive intermediate quinone methide. The amount of the modifier had little effect on the thermostability of resin, but it reduced the bonding strength of plywood.

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