Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Acetone Resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shabliy ◽  
Victor A. Klushin ◽  
Nina V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Conditions

5-hydroxymethylfurfural-acetone (5-HMFA) resins are obtained on the basis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and acetone, that is, from monomers whose source of raw materials is renewable resources (agricultural waste). The 5-HMFA condensation reaction was carried out under various experimental conditions. The synthesis conditions for 5-HMFA were selected with a yield of the desired product of 51%. The resulting resins were pressed at various curing temperatures and tested for compressive strength and absorption of water. The optimum pressing temperature was set to 180 ° C. The resulting composites have a strength not inferior to the strength of phenol-formaldehyde resin composites, but have a 3 times higher water resistance.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Sand Mould System

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Chate ◽  
M. G. C. Patel ◽  
M. B. Parappagoudar ◽  
A. S. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sand Mould ◽  
Green Sand Mould System

AbstractChemical bonded resin sand mould system has high dimensional accuracy, surface finish and sand mould properties compared to green sand mould system. The mould cavity prepared under chemical bonded sand mould system must produce sufficient permeability and hardness to withstand sand drop while pouring molten metal through ladle. The demand for improved values of permeability and mould hardness depends on systematic study and analysis of influencing variables namely grain fineness number, setting time, percent of resin and hardener. Try-error experiment methods and analysis were considered impractical in actual foundry practice due to the associated cost. Experimental matrices of central composite design allow conducting minimum experiments that provide complete insight of the process. Statistical significance of influencing variables and their interaction were determined to control the process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to validate the model statistically. Mathematical equation was derived separately for mould hardness and permeability, which are expressed as a non-linear function of input variables based on the collected experimental input-output data. The developed model prediction accuracy for practical usefulness was tested with 10 random experimental conditions. The decision variables for higher mould hardness and permeability were determined using desirability function approach. The prediction results were found to be consistent with experimental values.

Thermal and Dynamic Investigations on Brake Pad Composites Produced with Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao V.W. Silveira ◽  
Edison Bittencourt ◽  
Zaida J. Águila
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Brake Pads

Brake pads are composite materials which have been constantly improved by new materials that increase the quality and reduce the non-renewable raw materials. The goal of this work is to study the behavior of brake pads produced with replacement of phenol-formaldehyde resin by lignin up to 40% weight ratio. The Krauss method of characterization and SEM analysis were employed. The results showed an average friction coefficient approximately to μm=0.4 and a heterogeneous surface morphology. The satisfactory results are compatible with the current friction materials.

Softwood Bark Pyrolysis Oil-PF Resols. Part 2. Thermal Analysis by DSC and TG

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amen-Chen ◽  
B. Riedl ◽  
C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Cure Kinetics ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Summary Cure behavior of resins formulated with petroleum phenol replaced by 25 and 50 wt% of softwood bark-derived pyrolysis oils, using various formaldehyde to phenolics molar ratios and alkalinity content, was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Kinetic parameters were obtained by the Borchart-Daniels method and the model-free (Vyazovkin) method. Resins containing up to 50% by wt of pyrolysis oils had slower cure kinetics and lower extent of condensation reaction compared to a neat laboratory made phenol-formaldehyde resin. However, very similar kinetic curing behavior to the standard resins was found for resols having 25% by wt of the petroleum phenol replaced by the pyrolysis oils. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) of cured pyrolysis oil-PF resins has been done under nitrogen and air environments at a constant heating rate. Thermal behavior of resins containing pyrolysis oils differed depending on the nature of the purge gas used in TG. Increasing the amount of pyrolysis oils decreased the thermal resistance of the experimental resins.

Study on the Curing Process of Allyl Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jing Kun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Allyl Chloride ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
The Matrix

Allyl phenol-formaldehyde (APF) resin was synthesized by using phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and allyl chloride as raw materials and sodium hydroxide as alkali catalyst, and its curing process was investigated. The results showed that APF could not only dissolve in polar solvents, but also dissolve in nonpolar solvent. The APF started curing from around 180°C, and it was higher than PF. The curing took place by polyaddition at allyl double bonds, and a wider controllable curing range of 44°C was obtained. The cured surface of the matrix manifested a continuous phase.

scholarly journals Furan resin as potential substitute for phenol-formaldehyde resin in plywood manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2727-2739
Author(s):  
Anca Maria Varodi ◽  
Emanuela Beldean ◽  
Maria Cristina Timar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Furan Resin

Replacement of phenol-formaldehyde with a mixed furan resin is considered in this work as a means to improving plywood properties made with urea-formaldehyde-based adhesive currently made with an addition of phenol-formaldehyde resin. Previous research showed that the furan resins can improve water resistance and can provide long stability for the glue line. Plywood was manufactured with modified adhesives and characterized in comparison with a reference product. Thickness, physical properties (moisture content, density, and total water absorption), mechanical properties (shearing strength, bending strength, and elasticity modulus in bending), and formaldehyde emission were determined according to standardized methods. The results indicated that the addition of furan resin enhanced the water resistance by 43% and formaldehyde emission is according to E1 class. Also, the mechanical properties were improved; the shear strength for the adhesive composition with furan resin was increased by 14 to 30% compared with the reference product, depending on the testing conditions.

Purification of water contaminated with heavy metals by example of lead as promising material based on graphene nanostructures

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
N. R. Memetov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Gerasimova ◽  
A. E. Kucherova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Purification Of Water ◽  
Graphene Nanostructures

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the use of graphene nanostructures in the purification of lead (II) ions to improve the ecological situation of water bodies. The mechanisms and characteristic parameters of the adsorption process were analyzed using empirical models of isotherms at temperatures of 298, 303, 313 and 323 K, which correspond to the following order (based on the correlation coefficient): Langmuir (0.99) > Temkin (0.97) > Dubinin – Radushkevich (0.90). The maximum adsorption capacity of the material corresponds to the range from 230 to 260 mg/g. We research the equilibrium at the level of thermodynamic parameter estimates, which indicates the spontaneity of the process, the endothermic nature and structure change of graphene modified with phenol-formaldehyde resin during the adsorption of lead (II) ions, leading to an increase in the disorder of the system.

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