scholarly journals Lipid and lignin composition of woods from different eucalypt species

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Rencoret ◽  
Ana Gutiérrez ◽  
José C. del Río
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Eucalypt Species ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Abstract The lipid and lignin compositions of woods from the eucalypt species Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens, E. maidenii, E. grandis, and E. dunnii have been characterized. The lipid composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS using short- and medium-length high-temperature capillary columns, which allowed the detection of intact high-molecular-weight compounds. Similar lipid compositions were observed in all eucalypt woods, which were dominated by sitosterol, sitosterol esters and sitosteryl 3β-D-glucopyranoside. These substance classes are mainly responsible for pitch deposition during kraft pulping of eucalypt wood. However, some quantitative differences were found in the abundance of different lipid classes, with wood from E. globulus containing the lowest amounts of these pitch-forming compounds. The lignins of all eucalypt woods were analyzed in situ (without previous isolation) by pyrolysis-GC/MS. A predominance of syringyl (S) over guaiacyl (G) lignin units was observed and the S/G ratio was in the range from 2.7 to 4.1. E. globulus wood had the highest S/G ratio, a finding that, together with its low lignin content, explains its easy delignification under kraft cooking conditions.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics and Kraft pulping of tension wood from Eucalyptus globulus labill

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Graciela Aguayo ◽  
Regis Teixeira Mendonça ◽  
Paulina Martínez ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Pulp Strength

Tension (TW) and opposite wood (OW) of Eucalyptus globulus trees were analyzed for its chemical characteristics and Kraft pulp production. Lignin content was 16% lower and contained 32% more syringyl units in TW than in OW. The increase in syringyl units favoured the formation of β-O-4 bonds that was also higher in TW than in OW (84% vs. 64%, respectively). The effect of these wood features was evaluated in the production of Kraft pulps from both types of wood. At kappa number 16, Kraft pulps obtained from TW demanded less active alkali in delignification and presented slightly higher or similar pulp yield than pulps made with OW. Fiber length, coarseness and intrinsic viscosity were also higher in tension than in opposite pulps. When pulps where refined to 30°SR, TW pulps needed 18% more revolutions in the PFI mill to achieve the same beating degree than OW pulps. Strength properties (tensile, tear and burst indexes) were slightly higher or similar in tension as compared with opposite wood pulps. After an OD0(EO)D1 bleaching sequence, both pulps achieved up to 89% ISO brightness. Bleached pulps from TW presented higher viscosity and low amount of hexenuronic acids than pulps from OW. Results showed that TW presented high xylans and low lignin content that caused a decrease in alkali consumption, increase pulp strength properties and similar bleaching performance as compared with pulps from OW.

scholarly journals Root Lignin Composition and Content in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Genotypes with Different Defense Responses to Ganoderma boninense

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Nisha Govender ◽  
Idris Abu-Seman ◽  
Wong Mui-Yun
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Functional Traits ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
G Ratio

Basal stem rot of oil palms (OPs) is caused by Ganoderma boninense, a white-rot fungus. Root tissues are the primary route for G. boninense penetration and subsequent pathogenesis on OPs. Little is known on the host lignin biochemistry and selectivity for G. boninense degradation. Oil palm genotypes with different defense responses to G. boninense (highly tolerant, intermediately tolerant, and susceptible) were assessed for root lignin biochemistry (lignin content and composition), plant functional traits (height, fresh weight, girth), chlorophyll content, and root elemental nutrient content. One-year-old seedlings and five-year-old trees were screened for root thioglycolic acid lignin (TGA) content, lignin composition, and elemental nutrient depositions, while plant functional traits were evaluated in the one-year-old seedlings only. The TGA lignin in all the oil palm seedlings and trees ranged from 6.37 to 23.72 pM µg−1, whereas the nitrobenzene oxidation products showed a syringyl (S)-to-guaiacyl (G) ratios of 0.18–0.48. Tolerant genotypes showed significantly lower lignin content compared to the intermediately tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Likewise, the S/G ratio was higher in genotypes with lower lignin content. The depositions of root Fe, Si, Ti, S, and Cu were significantly different among the oil palm genotypes with the susceptible genotypes showing greater content than the tolerant genotypes.

Accelerating kraft pulping with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP)

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
RICHARD BERRY ◽  
YUJUN SUN ◽  
CORINNE LUTHE
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Diphosphonic Acid ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Effective Additive ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Three hardwoods (aspen, maple, and birch) and one softwood (black spruce) were pulped under standard kraft cooking conditions with and without hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP). The H factor required to give a kappa number of 15 for the aspen furnish was decreased from 1,100 to 650 by adding 0.1% HEDP on wood. Significantly smaller rate increases were observed with birch and maple, and no rate increase was observed with the softwood furnish. When aspen and black spruce chips were impregnated with calcium, it was found that aspen delignification was retarded while there was no effect on black spruce. HEDP, therefore, appears to work by removing calcium which, in hardwoods, causes lignin to be strongly bonded to the fiber. Adding carbonate to the pulping liquor showed that carbonate has the same effect as HEDP by removing calcium as insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These observations lead to the conclusion that HEDP is not an effective additive, even for hardwoods, when sufficient carbonate is present.

scholarly journals Increasing Lignin Accumulation in Arabidopsis and Poplar by Overexpressing a CCoAOMT Gene from Dove Tree (Davidia involucrata Baill.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Xiaomin Ji ◽  
XuJie Dong ◽  
Fuxiang Cao ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
Lignin Accumulation ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Em Gene

Rapid lignification occurring in the endocarp of dove tree results in the formation of a rigid and compact structure, which seriously hinders seed germination. A gene named DiCCoAOMT1, which encodes a hyperactive O-methyltransferase, was identified and thought to play a critical role in the process of endocarp lignification. In this study, the DiCCoAOMT1 gene was introduced into A. thaliana and poplar, respectively, to further verify its function. The lignin content was increased by 45% and 20% in the stems of transgenic A. thaliana and poplar lines, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the expression levels of DiCCoAOMT1 and lignin amount in transgenic lines. Furthermore, the shifts of lignin composition was indicated by the elevated S/G ratio in transgenic poplar lines. Lignin accumulation was promoted specifically in the phloem cells, and the cells in secondary xylem was thickened in transgenic plants. In addition, lengthened pods and elevated plant height, and elongated petioles and internodes were observed in transgenic A. thaliana and poplar lines, respectively. Taken together, our data indicated that an endocarp-specific DiCCoAOMT1 gene could effectively increase lignin accumulation and alter lignin composition in both herbs and woody plants, which provides new insights to understand the regulatory mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and the biological significance of lignification in specific tissues.

Suitability of Peroxidase-Suppressed Transgenic Hybrid Aspen (Populus sieboldii X Populus gradidentata) for Pulping

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tamura ◽  
Noriyuki Morohoshi ◽  
Seiichi Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Hybrid Aspen ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
Dehydrogenative Polymerization

Summary Lignin content, lignin composition and lignin removal were investigated in hybrid aspen (Populus sieboldii X Populus gradidentata) with suppressed peroxidase (POX) contents, involved in the dehydrogenative polymerization of monolignols. No significant suppression of the lignin content of the transgenic hybrid aspen was observed, but one (POX 29) of the POX-suppressed hybrid aspen species had a lower lignin content and gave a higher pulp yield at the same lignin content in kraft pulping than the control wild type. The molecular weight distribution of kraft lignins, sugar compositions and yields of nitrobenzene oxidation products of the transgenic woods were not different from those of the wild-type wood. These results indicate that suppression of POX may hold promise for producing woods suited for milder kraft pulping conditions using less chemicals and lower pulping temperature.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of different kinetic models for batch cooking: A review

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarlo Nieminen ◽  
Herbert Sixta
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Realistic Description ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Abstract The purpose of this study was to review some of the existing models for delignification in kraft cooking. Data and results from earlier studies were utilized to evaluate the performance of the models of Gustafson (MG), Purdue (MP), Andersson (MA) and Bogren’s method “continuous distribution of reactivity” (MBcdr) in terms of their ability to give a realistic description for delignification of softwood and hardwood. The MG, MP and MBcdr were tested on lignin data obtained from cooks of Eucalyptus globulus. In this case, MP seemed to perform best, whereas the MBcdr failed in the range of low residual lignins. MA considers the lignin subunits with various reaction speeds, and this feature improves the performance in the case of low residual lignins and helps to reflect sudden changes in cooking conditions, but the difference to the ordinary MP is moderate.

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deded Sarip Nawawi ◽  
Wasrin Syafii ◽  
Takuya Akiyama ◽  
Yuji Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Syringyl Lignin ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
G Ratio

Abstract Gnetum gnemon L. is a unique gymnosperm species showing angiosperm-like features in terms of its morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall. Xylan is the main hemicellulose component, and its lignin is primarily composed of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units and small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In the present study, in addition to branch, root, bark, and leaf samples, the reaction wood (RW) taken from the leaning stem of G. gnemon, was investigated mainly by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and NMR spectroscopy. The leaning stem was wider on the lower side of the wood stem (lsW) than on the upper side (usW), similar to the case for compression wood (CW) in gymnosperms. The usW contained lignin with a higher S/G ratio, and β-O-4 structure had a higher erythro/threo ratio, while both ratios decreased around the periphery of the stem towards the lsW. The lignin content was higher towards the lsW. Overall, the lignin composition in the RW of this tree was similar to that in the tension wood of angiosperms. The H-units were minor components in the lignin, but the content was higher towards the lsW, which resembles the distribution of the H-units in a gymnosperm CW.

Lignin chemistry and topochemistry during kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus genotypes with contrasting pulpwood characteristics

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Graciela Aguayo ◽  
André Ferraz ◽  
Juan Pedro Elissetche ◽  
Fernando Masarin ◽  
Regis Teixeira Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Short Fibre ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Cell Corner

Abstract Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is a short-fibre resource for pulp and paper production. Ten different E. globulus genotypes with varied pulpwood quality and chemical composition were evaluated under kraft pulping conditions. Characterisation of the wood and pulp samples by thioacidolysis indicated that the content of syringyl units in β-O-4 linkages (S-β-O-4) was distinct for the studied genotypes. The highest S-β-O-4 levels were detected in the samples with the lowest original lignin and highest glucan levels. This group of samples provided the pulps with the lowest final lignin content at higher yields. UV microspectrophotometric (UMSP) evaluation of the wood chips revealed that the samples with the lowest lignin levels have the lowest UV absorbances at 278 nm (A278 nm) in the secondary walls (S2). During kraft pulping, lignin from the S2 was dissolved, whereas lignins from the middle lamella and cell corner lignin was not removed not even for prolonged reaction periods, independently of the evaluated genotype. The A278 nm values of the S2 were significantly lower in the pulps from the genotypes with less original lignin content.

scholarly journals Effect of xylanase pretreatment on the kraft pulping of poplar

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akgül ◽  
Mehmet Onurhan Gücüş ◽  
Birol Üner ◽  
Celil Atik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Populus X Euramericana ◽  
Cooking Conditions

This study aimed to determine the influence of prehydrolysis of wood chips on the kraft pulping of Populus x euramericana. Optimum cooking conditions were determined by evaluating different alkali concentrations and cooking periods. Xylanase was used to hydrolyze chips before cooking. Prehydrolysis process increased the yield and viscosity of pulp. Consequently, the mechanical properties of paper changed remarkably. In contrast, the optical properties of the unbleached kraft pulp declined due to lignin content.

Prehydrolysis kraft pulping of jute cutting and caddis mixture for rayon production

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANNATUN NAYEEM ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN ◽  
RAZIA SULTANA POPY ◽  
M. NASHIR UDDIN ◽  
M.A. QUAIYYUM
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Rayon Production ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Prehydrolysis Kraft

Jute cutting, jute caddis, and cutting-caddis mixtures were prehydrolyzed by varying time and temperature to get about 90% prehydrolyzed yield. At the conditions of 170°C for 60 min of prehydrolysis, the yield for 100% jute cutting was 76.3%, while the same for jute caddis was only 67.9%. But with prehydrolysis at 150°C for 60 min, the yield was 90% for jute cutting, where 49.94% of original pentosan was dissolved and prehydrolysis of jute caddis at 140°C in 60 min yielded 86.4% solid residue. Jute cutting-caddis mixed prehydrolysis was done at 140°C for 30 min and yielded 92% solid residue for 50:50 cutting-caddis mixtures, where pentosan dissolution was only 29%. Prehydrolyzed jute cutting, jute caddis, and cutting-caddis mixtures were subsequently kraft cooked. Pulp yield was only 40.9% for 100% jute cutting prehydrolyzed at 170°C for 60 min, which was 10.9% lower than the prehydrolysis at 140°C. For jute cutting-caddis mixed prehydrolysis at 140°C for 45 min followed by kraft cooking, pulp yield decreased by 3.3% from the 100% cutting to 50% caddis in the mixture, but 75% caddis in the mixture decreased pulp yield by 6.7%. The kappa number 50:50 cutting-caddis mixture was only 11.3. Pulp bleachability improved with increasing jute cutting proportion in the cutting-caddis mixture pulp.

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