Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water

Abstract Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond, one of the monocotyledonous angiosperms, was studied in a semi-flow hot-compressed water treatment at 230°C/10 MPa/15 min (first stage) and 270°C/10 MPa/30 min (second stage). In the first stage, hemicelluloses such as O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan and pectin and para-crystalline cellulose were selectively hydrolyzed, as well as lignin, which was partially decomposed. In the second stage, hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose and some additional decomposition of lignin were observed. In addition, inorganic constituents and free sugars, composed mainly of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were recovered in cold water (20°C/10 MPa/30 min) prior to these 2 stages. In total, 97.3% of oven-dried nipa frond sample could be solubilized into cold and hot-compressed water. The degradation products in the water-soluble portion were primarily recovered as various saccharides (hydrolyzed moieties of the polyoses), which were later dehydrated, fragmented and isomerized partly. The residual (2.7%) is composed mainly of lignin associated with 0.4% of Si. A decomposition pathway is proposed for O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan as the major hemicellulose based on its various hydrolyzed products.

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Thermal hydrolysis of poly(l-lactic acid) films and cytotoxicity of water-soluble degradation products

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.42064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (25) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Guoguang Xu ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

Yanqun Lin ◽

Guoshan He ◽

Wanjuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Thermal Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Surface Pitting on Nanofibrous Matrix as an Ultra- Sensitive Indicator for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Crystalline Cellulose

10.26434/chemrxiv.14562654 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

mikiko tsudome ◽

Mikako Tachioka ◽

Miwako Tsuda ◽

Yoshihiro Takaki ◽

Shigeru Deguchi

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Optical Profilometry ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽

Reaction Proceeds ◽

Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽

Hydrolysis Of

<p>Assaying enzymatic degradation of the water-insoluble substrate such as cellulose and synthetic polymers has remained technically challenging, primarily because only the surface of the substrate is accessible to the enzymes and the reaction proceeds very slowly compared with those of water-soluble substrates. Here we show an ultra-sensitive and semi-quantitative assay for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. By combining nanofibrous matrices with piezo-driven inkjet printing and optical profilometry, enzymatic hydrolysis of less than 1 nanogram of crystalline cellulose was successfully quantified. Unprecedented genetic diversity of cellulase was revealed when the same principle was applied for elucidating microbial degradation of cellulose in the deep sea. This work demonstrates that truly interdisciplinary efforts, encompassing diverse disciplines from nanotechnology to microbiology, are crucial to address scientific and technological problems towards sustainability.<br></p>

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Toxicity of Glucosinolate Degradation Products from Brassica napus Seed Meal Toward Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1997.87.1.77 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

U. Smolinska ◽

M. J. Morra ◽

G. R. Knudsen ◽

P. D. Brown

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Hydrolysis Product ◽

Brassica Species ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Hydrolysis Products ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Brassica tissues are potentially useful in the control of Aphanomyces root rot of peas (Pisum sativum), but identity of the responsible compounds and specific impacts of those compounds on the pathogen's infection potential remain uncertain. Brassica napus seed meals and water extracts from these meals were used to determine the effect of glucosinolate hydrolysis products on Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi. B. napus meal (‘Dwarf Essex’) containing glucosinolates and intact myrosinase, the enzyme responsible for glucosinolate hydrolysis, completely inhibited infection by A. euteiches f. sp. pisi oospores. Water extracts from this meal, likewise, severely inhibited infection by oospores, as well as mycelial growth. Extracts from autoclaved ‘Dwarf Essex’ meal, in which myrosinase was denatured, and a low glucosinolate B. napus variety (‘Stonewall’) produced little disease reduction and had less impact on mycelial growth. Gas chromatographic analysis of Brassica tissues and water extracts confirmed that glucosinolates remained in autoclaved ‘Dwarf Essex’ meal and that ‘Stonewall’ meal contained low glucosinolate concentrations. 5-Vinyloxazolidine-2-thione was identified by mass spectrometry as a dominant glucosinolate hydrolysis product in aqueous extracts of the inhibitory meal. Bioassays conducted with aqueous solutions of this compound reduced mycelial growth, but not to the extent of those from intact ‘Dwarf Essex’ meal. Water-soluble compounds produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates in B. napus tissues reduced A. euteiches oospore infection and inhibited mycelial growth, thus, demonstrating potential utility of Brassica species in the control of A. euteiches.

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Surface Pitting on Nanofibrous Matrix as an Ultra- Sensitive Indicator for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Crystalline Cellulose

10.26434/chemrxiv.14562654.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

mikiko tsudome ◽

Mikako Tachioka ◽

Miwako Tsuda ◽

Yoshihiro Takaki ◽

Shigeru Deguchi

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Optical Profilometry ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽

Reaction Proceeds ◽

Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Formulation Development and Characterization of controlled release core in cup matrix tablets of venlafaxine HCl

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885515666200331104440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Balaji Maddiboyina ◽

Vikas Jhawat ◽

Gandhi Sivaraman ◽

Om Prakash Sunnapu ◽

Ramya Krishna Nakkala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Drug Release ◽

Release Rate ◽

Zero Order ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Matrix Tablets ◽

Drug Dissolution ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Hydrophobic Polymers

Background: Venlafaxine HCl is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor which is given in the treatment of depression. The delivery of the drug at a controlled rate can be of great importance for prolonged effect. Objective: The objective was to prepare and optimize the controlled release core in cup matrix tablet of venlafaxine HCl using the combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers to prolong the effect with rate controlled drug release. Methods: The controlled release core in cup matrix tablets of venlafaxine HCl were prepared using HPMC K5, K4, K15, HCO, IPA, aerosol, magnesium sterate, hydrogenated castor oil and micro crystalline cellulose PVOK-900 using wet granulation technique. Total ten formulations with varying concentrations of polymers were prepared and evaluated for different physicochemical parameters such FTIR analysis for drug identification, In-vitro drug dissolution study was performed to evaluate the amount of drug release in 24 hrs, drug release kinetics study was performed to fit the data in zero order, first order, Hixson–crowell and Higuchi equation to determine the mechanism of drug release and stability studies for 3 months as observed. Results: The results of hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability and drug content study were in acceptable range for all formulations. Based on the In vitro dissolution profile, formulation F-9 was considered to be the optimized extending the release of 98.32% of drug up to 24 hrs. The data fitting study showed that the optimized formulation followed the zero order release rate kinetics and also compared with innovator product (flavix XR) showed better drug release profile. Conclusion: The core-in-cup technology has a potential to control the release rate of freely water soluble drugs for single administration per day by optimization with combined use of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers.

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Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Arnaud Masselin ◽

Antoine Rousseau ◽

Stéphanie Pradeau ◽

Laure Fort ◽

Rodolphe Gueret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Symbiotic Associations ◽

Egg White Lysozyme ◽

Hen Egg White ◽

Ecological Transition ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

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Grafting pH‐Responsive Copolymers to Cold Water‐Soluble Starch Using Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering ◽

10.1002/mren.202100011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100011

Author(s):

Alexander T. Fritz ◽

Jaime C. Cazotti ◽

Omar Garcia‐Valdez ◽

Niels M. B. Smeets ◽

Marc A. Dubé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ph Responsive ◽

Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization

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Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.3233/mnm-200493 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Aida Mekhoukhe ◽

Nacer Mohellebi ◽

Tayeb Mohellebi ◽

Leila Deflaoui-Abdelfettah ◽

Sonia Medouni-Adrar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Locust Bean Gum ◽

Locust Bean ◽

Preference Map ◽

The Right ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVE: the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physicochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS: the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory profile and acceptance of five Jams were evaluated. RESULTS: composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble (∼62% at 25°C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value (∼89% at 80 °C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80–100%). CONCLUSION: In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.

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