Toxicity of Glucosinolate Degradation Products from Brassica napus Seed Meal Toward Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi

Brassica tissues are potentially useful in the control of Aphanomyces root rot of peas (Pisum sativum), but identity of the responsible compounds and specific impacts of those compounds on the pathogen's infection potential remain uncertain. Brassica napus seed meals and water extracts from these meals were used to determine the effect of glucosinolate hydrolysis products on Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi. B. napus meal (‘Dwarf Essex’) containing glucosinolates and intact myrosinase, the enzyme responsible for glucosinolate hydrolysis, completely inhibited infection by A. euteiches f. sp. pisi oospores. Water extracts from this meal, likewise, severely inhibited infection by oospores, as well as mycelial growth. Extracts from autoclaved ‘Dwarf Essex’ meal, in which myrosinase was denatured, and a low glucosinolate B. napus variety (‘Stonewall’) produced little disease reduction and had less impact on mycelial growth. Gas chromatographic analysis of Brassica tissues and water extracts confirmed that glucosinolates remained in autoclaved ‘Dwarf Essex’ meal and that ‘Stonewall’ meal contained low glucosinolate concentrations. 5-Vinyloxazolidine-2-thione was identified by mass spectrometry as a dominant glucosinolate hydrolysis product in aqueous extracts of the inhibitory meal. Bioassays conducted with aqueous solutions of this compound reduced mycelial growth, but not to the extent of those from intact ‘Dwarf Essex’ meal. Water-soluble compounds produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates in B. napus tissues reduced A. euteiches oospore infection and inhibited mycelial growth, thus, demonstrating potential utility of Brassica species in the control of A. euteiches.

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Enhanced microbial degradation of irradiated cellulose under hyperalkaline conditions

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naji M Bassil ◽

Joe S Small ◽

Jonathan R Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Microbial Degradation ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Hydrolysis Product ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Cellulose Fibres ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽

Alkali Hydrolysis ◽

Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste ◽

Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Intermediate-level radioactive waste includes cellulosic materials, which under the hyperalkaline conditions expected in a cementitious geological disposal facility (GDF) will undergo abiotic hydrolysis forming a variety of soluble organic species. Isosaccharinic acid (ISA) is a notable hydrolysis product, being a strong metal complexant that may enhance the transport of radionuclides to the biosphere. This study showed that irradiation with 1 MGy of γ-radiation under hyperalkaline conditions enhanced the rate of ISA production from the alkali hydrolysis of cellulose, indicating that radionuclide mobilisation to the biosphere may occur faster than previously anticipated. However, irradiation also made the cellulose fibres more available for microbial degradation and fermentation of the degradation products, producing acidity that inhibited ISA production via alkali hydrolysis. The production of hydrogen gas as a fermentation product was noted, and this was associated with a substantial increase in the relative abundance of hydrogen-oxidising bacteria. Taken together, these results expand our conceptual understanding of the mechanisms involved in ISA production, accumulation and biodegradation in a biogeochemically active cementitious GDF.

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Time course and vectorial nature of albumin metabolism in isolated perfused rabbit PCT

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.3.f520 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 255 (3) ◽

pp. F520-F528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. H. Park

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Hydrolysis Product ◽

High Capacity ◽

Intact Protein ◽

Renal Metabolism ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Hydrolysis Products ◽

Renal Tubular ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The time course and vectorial nature of renal metabolism of albumin (Alb) were studied. The tubular absorption, accumulation, and hydrolysis of Alb and the release of the hydrolysis products were determined in the isolated rabbit proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) perfused with tritiated Alb ([3H3C]Alb) at 36.4 micrograms/ml. The Alb absorption across the apical membrane was constant (99.9 +/- 4.9 x 10(-3) ng.min-1.mm-1). In contrast, the accumulation and hydrolysis of Alb in the cells increased nonlinearly with time. The bulk of the tritium that accumulated in the cells was associated with intact [3H3C]Alb. Only the final hydrolysis products were released from the cells and these first appeared in the peritubular bath 6–7 min after the start of perfusion of the tubule with [3H3C]Alb. The hydrolysis product was not detectable in the tubule lumen. The proteolytic activity correlated linearly with the protein load to the cells, characteristic of first-order kinetics and a high-capacity system. The results suggest that the renal tubular handling of proteins proceeds from the apical to the basolateral aspect of the cell. The transcellular processing of Alb is rapid and can occur in 6–7 min. The accumulation of intact protein in the cell and the first-order kinetics of hydrolysis of the absorbed protein suggest that the rate-limiting step in proximal tubular handling of proteins may include the initial hydrolysis of protein or reside in steps that precede the hydrolysis.

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Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2011.046 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Natthanon Phaiboonsilpa ◽

Pramila Tamunaidu ◽

Shiro Saka

Keyword(s):

Cold Water ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Second Stage ◽

Nypa Fruticans ◽

Decomposition Pathway ◽

Hot Compressed Water ◽

Inorganic Constituents ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond, one of the monocotyledonous angiosperms, was studied in a semi-flow hot-compressed water treatment at 230°C/10 MPa/15 min (first stage) and 270°C/10 MPa/30 min (second stage). In the first stage, hemicelluloses such as O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan and pectin and para-crystalline cellulose were selectively hydrolyzed, as well as lignin, which was partially decomposed. In the second stage, hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose and some additional decomposition of lignin were observed. In addition, inorganic constituents and free sugars, composed mainly of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were recovered in cold water (20°C/10 MPa/30 min) prior to these 2 stages. In total, 97.3% of oven-dried nipa frond sample could be solubilized into cold and hot-compressed water. The degradation products in the water-soluble portion were primarily recovered as various saccharides (hydrolyzed moieties of the polyoses), which were later dehydrated, fragmented and isomerized partly. The residual (2.7%) is composed mainly of lignin associated with 0.4% of Si. A decomposition pathway is proposed for O-acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan as the major hemicellulose based on its various hydrolyzed products.

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EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID AND FERUM IONS CONCENTRATION ON THE HYDROLYSIS OF GLUCOSINOLATE AND MYROSINASE ACTIVITY IN THE WATERCRESS (Nasturtium officinale sp.)

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.5092 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syamimi Mohd Zul ◽

Noumie Surugau

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Product ◽

Carcinogenic Activity ◽

Nasturtium Officinale ◽

Hydrolysis Products ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Myrosinase Activity

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale sp.) from the Brassicae family contains phenethyl glucosinolates (gluconasturtiin) as the main glucosinolate (GLS). The enzymatic hydrolysis products by naturally-occuring myrosinase produced phenethyl isothicyanate (PEITC) which reported to possess anti-carcinogenic activity. Depending on several factors, its counterpart, phenethyl nitrile (PEN) can also be formed as hydrolysis product. This study investigated the effects of adding ascorbic acid and Fe2+ ions at different concentration on the hydrolysis of gluconasturtiin. Hydrolysis products were extracted using dichloromethane and analyzed semi-quantitatively by using GCMS. The results showed that PEITC increased at the low concentration of ascorbic acid (up to 0.06M). Similarly, addition of up to 0.06M Fe2+ ions increased PEITC; higher than 0.06M inhibits the formation of PEITC. Interestingly, similar trend for the production of PEN was detected. This study also investigated myrosinase activity both by exogenous and endogenous methods at different concentrations of ascorbic acid and Fe2+ ions using standard sinigrin as subsrat. Overall, the myrosinase activity was more active at the low concentrations of ascorbic acid. Also, the exogenous method is more efficient than endogenous. This study proved that the presence of reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and Fe2+ ions during the preparation of watercress as food would affect the production of the health-promoting PEITC.

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WATER-SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES IN DEAD BRANCHES OF ASPEN (POPULUS TREMULOIDES MICHX.) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FOMES IGNIARIUS

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b64-088 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 969-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. E. Wall ◽

J. E. Kuntz

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Dead Branch ◽

Inhibitory Components ◽

Germination And Growth

Cold-water extracts from the basal portions of dead branches of trembling aspen markedly stimulated basidiospore germination and mycelial growth of Fomes igniarius var. populinus at concentrations which inhibited spore germination and growth of other varieties of F. igniarius. Water extracts which caused these differential effects could not be obtained from living aspen branches. Selective effects in favor of F. igniarius var. populinus were characteristic of extracts from the surface tissues of branch stubs, as well as from the total cross section, except that surface extracts were less fungistatic and were not found in branches in all stages of deterioration. Extracts from the axillary regions of dead branches were more fungistatic than those from more distal parts. The stimulatory and inhibitory components of dead branch extracts were heat stable and partially soluble in organic solvents.

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Thermal hydrolysis of poly(l-lactic acid) films and cytotoxicity of water-soluble degradation products

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.42064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (25) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Guoguang Xu ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

Yanqun Lin ◽

Guoshan He ◽

Wanjuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Thermal Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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The isolation of some hitherto undescribed products of hydrolysis of proteins.— Part III

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1926.0054 ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 100 (703) ◽

pp. 360-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Chemical Change ◽

Hydrolysis Product ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Hydrolysis Products ◽

Strong Acids ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Long Chain

The recent discoveries of hydroxylysine, hydroxyvaline, and hydroxyaminobutyric acid, described in the earlier papers of this series, together with the discovery a few years earlier of hydroxyglutamic acid by Dakin, lead to the conception that there is to be found among the hydrolysis products of the proteins a hydroxyl derivative corresponding to every (or nearly every) nonhydroxyamino-acid that has been isolated. Yet, so far, the hydroxyl derivative of leucine, perhaps the most widely distributed hydrolysis product of the proteins, has not been discovered. In searching for such a substance, certain possibilities of chemical change must be taken into account. It is known that in the presence of hot solutions of strong acids, such as the 25 per cent. sulphuric acid used for the hydrolysis of proteins, hydroxy derivatives of long-chain substances tend to undergo isomeric change, with the wandering of the hydroxyl group from one position to another. Supposing, now, that hydroxyleucine exists among the hydrolysis products of proteins, and that the hydroxyl group is in the β position,

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Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Arnaud Masselin ◽

Antoine Rousseau ◽

Stéphanie Pradeau ◽

Laure Fort ◽

Rodolphe Gueret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Symbiotic Associations ◽

Egg White Lysozyme ◽

Hen Egg White ◽

Ecological Transition ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Long Chain

Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.

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Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004594x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 595-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

T. V. Toai ◽

D. L. Linscott

Keyword(s):

Incubation Temperature ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Incubation Temperatures ◽

Toxin Formation ◽

Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

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