Screening for xylanase and β-xylosidase production from wood-inhabiting Penicillium strains for potential use in biotechnological applications

Abstract Experiments were performed to find potential sources for enzyme production for the pulp and paper industry and for biological ethanol production by screening the cellulase, xylanase and β-xylosidase activities of 36 species of Penicillium isolated from various wood materials in Korea. Rice straw powder (RiceP), birchwood xylan (BirchX), and beechwood xylan (BeechX) were supplied as individual carbon sources for the Penicillium species. All Penicillium species tested in this study showed little cellulase activity, but some species exhibited remarkably high xylanase and β-xylosidase activities, as determined by a filter paper assay. P. oxalicum showed the greatest xylanase activity on RiceP (158.70 U ml-1). On the other hand, P. brevicompactum produced the highest active β-xylosidase on BirchX (6.25 U ml-1).

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Classification of lipolytic enzymes and their biotechnological applications in the pulping industry

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2016-0447 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 179-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L. Ramnath ◽

B. Sithole ◽

R. Govinden

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Lipolytic Enzymes ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Microbial Sources

In the pulp and paper industry, during the manufacturing process, the agglomeration of pitch particles (composed of triglycerides, fatty acids, and esters) leads to the formation of black pitch deposits in the pulp and on machinery, which impacts on the process and pulp quality. Traditional methods of pitch prevention and treatment are no longer feasible due to environmental impact and cost. Consequently, there is a need for more efficient and environmentally friendly approaches. The application of lipolytic enzymes, such as lipases and esterases, could be the sustainable solution to this problem. Therefore, an understanding of their structure, mechanism, and sources are essential. In this report, we review the microbial sources for the different groups of lipolytic enzymes, the differences between lipases and esterases, and their potential applications in the pulping industry.

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Status of the utilization of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) in the pulp and paper industry

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x94-266 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 2078-2084 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kwei-Nam Law ◽

Jacques L. Valade

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Jack Pine ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Future Research ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Potential Use ◽

And Chemical Properties

Although jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), which represents 20% of the total softwood volume, is one of the most abundant commercial softwood species in Canada, its rate of utilization in pulping is surprisingly low. This paper reviews the literature concerning the physical and chemical properties as well as the pulping characteristics of this species by mechanical, thermomechanical, chemithermomechanical, chemimechanical, and chemical processes to better understand its potential use in papermaking. The objective is to identify the problems related to the use of jack pine so that solutions might be sought to promote its usage. Some recommendations are put forth concerning future research.

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Paper Industry Wastes as Carbon Sources for Aspergillus Species Cultivation and Production of an Enzymatic Cocktail for Biotechnological Applications

Industrial Biotechnology ◽

10.1089/ind.2020.29201.tmp ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Thiago M. Pasin ◽

Ana Sílvia A. Scarcella ◽

Tássio B. de Oliveira ◽

Rosymar C. Lucas ◽

Mariana Cereia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Aspergillus Species ◽

Biotechnological Applications

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using wastewater as carbon source and activated sludge as microorganisms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.193 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

S. Yan ◽

R.D. Tyagi ◽

R.Y. Surampalli

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

High Concentration

Activated sludge from different full-scale wastewater treatment plants (municipal, pulp and paper industry, starch manufacturing and cheese manufacturing wastewaters) was used as a source of microorganisms to produce biodegradable plastics in shake flask experiments. Acetate, glucose and different wastewaters were used as carbon sources. Pulp and paper wastewater sludge was found to accumulate maximum concentration (43% of dry weight of suspended solids) of polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA) with acetate as carbon source. Among the different wastewaters tested as a source of carbon, pulp and paper industry and starch industry wastewaters were found to be the best source of carbon while employing pulp and paper activated sludge for maximum accumulation of PHA. High concentration of volatile fatty acids in these wastewaters was the probable reason.

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Casuarina junghuhniana (Casuarinaceae) in India

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt09210 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. S. C. Jayaraj

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Tree Improvement ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽

Clonal Forestry ◽

Pure Species ◽

The World ◽

Potential Use

Casuarina junghuhniana Miq., introduced into India in 1996, is gaining importance as an agroforestry species, with potential use in pulp and paper industry. Tree improvement of the species and attempts at clonal forestry are in progress. A hybrid of Casuarina equisetifolia L. and C. junghuhniana, introduced in 1951 from Thailand, is also planted in India, with the wrong identity as Casuarina junghuhniana. The present paper reviews the silviculture and tree improvement of the species, especially the attempts at introduction to various parts of the world by CSIRO, Australia, with special reference to India. The paper also attempts to resolve the confusion between the hybrid and the pure species, among the planting agencies in India.

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Optimization of production and partial characterization of xylanase from a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x42741 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e9

Author(s):

Bruno Las-Casas Chaves ◽

Ana Paula Martinazzo ◽

Brisabella Coca ◽

Adriane Nunes De Souza ◽

Carlos Eduardo Teodoro

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sources ◽

Xylanase Activity ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Partial Characterization ◽

Birchwood Xylan ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Local Soil

This paper reports the process of production optimization and partial characterization of xylanase from a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefacies VR002, isolated from local soil. The microorganism exhibited maximum xylanase production when 1.0% (v/v) of inoculum size was added to culture medium with initial pH 6, 1.0% (w/v) birchwood xylan, at 35 °C after 48h of incubation. Xylanase production in different carbon sources apart from birchwood xylan and xylose did not show high production levels. Optimum pH for xylanase activity was 6.0. The enzyme was alkali-stable and retained 100% of residual activity over the pH range from 6.0 to 10.0 for 24 h at 25°C. Optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 55°C. Xylanase was 100% stable at 4°C and 25°C even after 24h of incubation, a desirable characteristic for enzyme storage. Moreover, best crude extract volume and time reaction were found to be 10 µL and 5 min, respectively. After optimization of production and activity parameters, an increase of nearly 60-fold in xylanase activity (44.12 ± 4.36 U/mL) was achieved. Characteristics of B. amyloliquefaciens VR002 xylanase are particularly desirable for biotechnological applications

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Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj13.6.19 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

TROY RUNGE ◽

CHUNHUI ZHANG

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Agricultural Residues ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Strength Increase ◽

Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

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Does the kappa number method accurately reflect lignin content in nonwood pulps?

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj17.11.611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 611-617

Author(s):

Sabrina Burkhardt

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Pulp And Paper Industry ◽

Original Data ◽

Kappa Number ◽

Klason Lignin ◽

Organic Functional Groups ◽

Pulp Properties ◽

Wood Pulps ◽

Hexenuronic Acid

The traditional kappa number method was developed in 1960 as a way to more quickly determine the level of lignin remaining in a completed or in-progress pulp. A significantly faster approach than the Klason lignin procedure, the kappa number method is based on the reaction of a strong oxidizing agent (KMnO4) with lignin and small amounts of other organic functional groups present in the pulp, such as hexenuronic acid. While the usefulness of the kappa number for providing information about bleaching requirements and pulp properties has arguably transformed the pulp and paper industry, it has been mostly developed for kraft, sulfite, and soda wood pulps. Nonwood species have a different chemical makeup than hardwood or softwood sources. These chemical differ-ences can influence kappa and Klason measurements on the pulp and lead to wide ranges of error. Both original data from Sustainable Fiber Technologies’ sulfur and chlorine-free pulping process and kappa and Klason data from various nonwood pulp literature sources will be presented to challenge the assumption that the kappa number accurately represents lignin content in nonwood pulps.

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