scholarly journals Mineral Matter in Nigerian Coals and Tar Sand and Their Implications in Binary Blend Formulation and Co-Carbonisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Solomon A. Ryemshak ◽  
Aliyu Jauro ◽  
Istifanus Y. Chindo ◽  
Eno O. Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Coal Sample ◽  
Coke Quality ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Furnace Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Trioxide

Abstract In blend simulation for metallurgical applications, the knowledge of the type and amount of mineral matter in coal and other additives, as well as their derivatives as a result of combustion is important in assessing the coke quality and blast furnace efficiency. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used in assessing the mineral matter contents and oxides produced up on combustion of the following Nigerian coals: Afuze (AFZ), Garin-Maiganga (GMG), Lamza (LMZ), Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ), and Chikila (CHK) in addition to a tar sand from Ondo (OTS). Coal samples from Afuze (AFZ) and Chikila (CHK) were found to contain quartz, hematite, and anhydride as the dominant minerals. The Garin-Maiganga coal sample (GMG) was found to contain quartz, magnetite, anhydride, and magnesite. Quartz and hematite were dominant in Lamza coal (LMZ), while Shankodi-Jangwa coal (SKJ) is associated with dolomite and quartz. The bitumen was found to contain quartz, kaolinite, and rutile. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of sixteen elemental oxides: the most abundant being silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminium oxide, sulphur trioxide, calcium oxide, and titanium oxide. Amongst the coal samples, CHK, AFZ and GMG coals have low acidic/basic and basic/acidic ratios, which indicate that cokes originating from them may form the least slag with the best blast furnace efficiency.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lead Titanate Epitaxial Film for Non-Volatile Memory Device Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1846-1850
Author(s):  
Thin Thin Thwe ◽  
Than Than Win ◽  
Yin Maung Maung ◽  
Ko Ko Kyaw Soe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Conduction Mechanism ◽  
Epitaxial Film ◽  
Memory Device ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hydrothermal synthesized lead titanate (PbTiO3¬) powder was prepared in a Teflon-lined stainless steel bomb at different bath temperatures. X-ray diffraction was performed to examine the phase assignment and crystallographic properties of hydrothermal synthesized lead titanate powder. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) was thermally deposited and adapted as intermediate layer on p-Si (100) substrates for MFIS (Metal/Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semi-conductor) design. The microstructures of PbTiO3 film for both MFS and MFIS designs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Charge conduction mechanism was also interpreted by C-2-V relationship. Polarization and electric field characteristics were measured by Sawyer-Tower circuit and good hysteresis nature was formed for both structures of the films. The loop of MFIS was wider than that of MFS cell. Also, the higher value of polarization (Ps=3.21E-03µC/cm2) for MFIS could be explained on the basis of higher dipole moment in this SiO2 buffer layer.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite-Zeolite Using Blast Furnace Slag

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.U. Ryu ◽  
G.M. Kim ◽  
Hammad R. Khalid ◽  
H.K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Furnace Slag

Blast furnace slag, an industrial by-product, is emerging as a potential raw material to synthesize hydroxyapatite and zeolite. In this study, the effects of temperature on the hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite-zeolite from blast furnace slag were investigated. Specimens were synthesized at different temperatures (room temperature, 50, 90, 120, or 150 °C). The synthesized specimens were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET/BJH, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive using X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). It was found that the hydroxyapatite phase was synthesized at all the reaction temperatures, while faujasite type zeolite appeared in the specimens synthesized at 90 and 120 °C. Moreover, faujasite was replaced by hydroxysodalite in the specimens synthesized at 150 °C. Additionally, the crystals of the hydroxyapatite tended to become larger and total crystallinity increased as the reaction temperature increased.

Speciation of Zn in Blast Furnace Sludge from Former Sedimentation Ponds Using Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction, Fluorescence, and Absorption Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (22) ◽  
pp. 12381-12390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Kretzschmar ◽  
Tim Mansfeldt ◽  
Petar N. Mandaliev ◽  
Kurt Barmettler ◽  
Matthew A. Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blast Furnace Sludge

Transformation Behaviors of Mineral Matter in Lignite Ashes under Reducing Atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 676-679
Author(s):  
Feng Hai Li ◽  
Jie Jie Huang ◽  
Yi Tian Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Initial Melting ◽  
Gasification Technology

To optimize operational parameters of fluidized-bed lignite gasification technology. Experiments have been conducted with Huolinhe (HLH) and Xiaolongtan (XLT) lignite ashes to investigate the mineral transformation behaviors under reducing atmosphere by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the initial melted parts are primarily result from wustite interacted other minerals under reducing atmosphere. Wustite can react with aluminosilicate minerals to form some low-melting eutectic compounds, and lead to its initial melting temperature 200 °C below the deformation temperature. Mullite is formed at 1000 °C or so, and its content increases and then decreases with the temperature increase, and reaches maximum at 1200 °C. Gehlenite and anorthite come from the reaction between calcium oxide and mullite. Owing to the generation of some gases during mineral transformation under weak reducing atmosphere, many holes are formed on the surface of molten ash.

Study on Sulfur Existing Form in Sinter

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1279-1283
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
Su Ju Hao ◽  
Wu Feng Jiang ◽  
Yue Long
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulphide ◽  
Existing Form

Lower sulfur content is absolutely necessary for high value-added quality steel, so it is required to reduce sulfur content of product in each link of metallurgical production. Sintering is one of important links to provide blast furnace raw materials. Study on Sulfur existing form in Sinter can provide significant theoretical guide on sulfur distribution in metallurgical production. In this paper, small sintering experiments were carried out and sinter samples with different alkalinities were prepared. The samples were characterized by mineralogical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that Sulfur existing form in Sinter is calcium sulphide (CaS). CaS can not be oxidized and melted down in the following process of blast furnace iron-making and can directly enters into slag for discharge outside the furnace.

Development and Characterization of Cementing Composites with Blast Furnace Slag Replacement

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Reyna Sánchez-Ramírez ◽  
Manuela Diaz-Cruz ◽  
Sebastían Díaz de La Torre ◽  
Enrique Rocha-Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Furnace Slag

In this work, they were produced and characterized cementing composites made with blast furnace slag replacement, for their use in the construction of oil wells. To this, slurries were prepared with a replacement of 20 and 30% slag, as well as a slurry with 100 % slag and a slurry with 100% H-cement were prepared. Starting materials were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transformed Infra Red. Slurries also were activated with sodium silicate in order to study theirs hydration kinetics, driving by isothermal calorimetry. These studies were complemented by the preparation of specimens of 4 X 4 X 16 cm to which they determine its compressive and bending strength during 2 and 28 days of curing. From the results it can be concluded that it was obtained a product that can be effectively used in the construction of oil wells.

scholarly journals Application of X-Ray Diffraction to Study Mineralogical Dependence of Reduction: Disintegration Indices RDI of Blast Furnace Sinters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Krztoń ◽  
Janusz Stecko
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Static Susceptibility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Static Resistance ◽  
Blast Furnace Sinters

The aim of this research was to continue an examination of influence of mineral components of blast furnace sinters on their quality. Two of reduction-disintegration indices RDI were taken into account: static resistance to degradation RDI-1+6.3 and static susceptibility to degradation RDI-1-3.15. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification and the Rietveld method was applied to study quantitative dependence. Static susceptibility to degradation RDI-1-3.15 showed clearly dependence on quantitative mineral composition, namely on quantities of magnetite, silicates and slag phases. Static resistance to degradation RDI-1+6.3 was also dependent on fractions of magnetite and silicates.

scholarly journals Formation of Interatomic Bonds of the Fumed Synthesis of Composites SiO2+Al2O3

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Ya.V. Zaulychnyy ◽  
М.V. Karpetz ◽  
Y.V. Yavorskyi ◽  
V.М. Gun'ko ◽  
V.I. Zarko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Electrons

Crystalline and electronic structures of SiO2/Al2O3 mixtures have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (USXES). Comparison of ultrasoft X-ray emission AlLα-, SiLα- and OKα-bands redistribution Alsp-, Sisp- and Op-valence electrons when changing the mass ratio (0,23Al2O3+0,77 SiO2;, 0,30Al2O3+0,70SiO2; 0,75Al2O3+25 SiO2) and depending on the method of obtaining them. Expansion OKα-emission bands showed an increase in population of Opπ-levels of oxygen in the formation of pyrogenic composites with different contents of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. Analysis AlLα-, SiLα- emission bands allowed to explain the increase of population Opπ-levels of oxygen and present the morphology  formation of particles different  of pyrogenic composites during synthesis.  

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