Interactions with Artificial Entities Reloaded: 20 Years of Research from a Social Psychological Perspective

i-com ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Nicole Krämer ◽  
Gary Bente
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Embodied Agent ◽  
Social Psychological Perspective

Abstract Twenty years ago, we reflected on the potential of psychological research in the area of embodied conversational agents and systematized the variables that need to be considered in empirical studies. We gave an outlook on potential and necessary research by taking into account the independent variables behavior and appearance of the embodied agent, by referring to the dependent variables acceptance, efficiency and effects on behavior and summarizing moderating variables such as task and individual differences. Twenty years later, we now give an account on what has been found and how the field has developed – suggesting avenues for future research.

Special Review Article: Culture in groups and teams: A review of three decades of research

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencang Zhou ◽  
Xuli Shi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Special Review ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Groups And Teams

This article reviews research on culture in groups and teams by analyzing 85 empirical studies published in the 15 leading management journals from 1980 to 2009. At first, we review the culture values used in the 85 articles. We next review how these culture values, as independent variables or dependent variables, were studied in each research topic. Then we review the methodological issues in the 85 articles. The review shows some advances but also many gaps in both theory and methods. Therefore, we highlight critical challenges for future research.

Patterns in (in)directness

Target ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

The goal of this descriptive, exploratory paper is to identify and analyse patterns in a case study of direct and indirect literary transfer from Poland to Portugal between 1855 and 2010. By doing so, the paper intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of indirect translation. Firstly, relevant information concerning the corpus is presented. Secondly, the methodological issues are elucidated. Thirdly, the results of the study are discussed in detail. More specifically, the correlations between the dependent variables (directness and indirectness) and the independent variables (author profile, translator profile, publisher profile and target text literary genre) are examined. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of the label ‘(in)direct’ is tested against the independent time variable. Finally, the preliminary conclusions and future research avenues are presented.

Text characteristics, perceived difficulty and task performance in sight translation

Interpreting ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Abstract This paper reports on an exploratory study examining the relationship between text characteristics, perceived difficulty and task performance in sight translation (ST). Twenty-nine undergraduate interpreters were asked to sight-translate six texts with different properties. Correlation analysis shows that Sophisticated Word Type and Mean Length of a T-unit are, respectively, the lexical and the syntactic variables having the highest correlations with all the three dependent variables (i.e. perceived difficulty, accuracy and fluency in ST performance). Surprisingly, the discoursal variables are weakly or modestly correlated with the dependent variables. Thematic analysis of the students’ reflective essays points to two hypothesized causal links among the three Ps in ST: task properties may cause decoding difficulties and cognitive overload in the cognitive process, which in turn lead to inaccuracy and dysfluency in ST performance. The research findings lend empirical support to the “shallow-scan hypothesis” in previous research. Finally, this study proposes a three-tier conceptual framework to inform and guide future research to operationalize variables in ST empirical studies. The pedagogical implications of ST are also discussed.

Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization Among Muslim Minority Youth in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten
Keyword(s):  
Minority Youth ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Social Psychological Perspective

Abstract. In Europe there are important concerns about fundamentalist religious beliefs among Muslim youth and “homegrown” radicalization that can lead to violent extremism. For these phenomena, different explanations are given, but there is very little systematic empirical research. Based on the existing conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature and using a social psychological perspective, the current paper discusses religious fundamentalism and radicalization among Muslim minority youth in Europe. Specifically, feelings of uncertainty, perceived hostility, and perceived injustice are discussed as three important psychological factors involved in radicalization. Furthermore, the critical importance of intra- and intergroup processes and social networks is discussed. The review of the research is concluded by providing some directions and suggestions for future research and for prevention and intervention.

scholarly journals Collective Psychological Ownership and Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Borja Martinovic
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Group Responsibility

Whereas much social psychological research has studied the in-group and out-group implications of social categorization and collective identity (“we”), little research has examined the nature and relevance of collective psychological ownership (“ours”) for intergroup relations. We make a case for considering collective psychological ownership as an important source of intergroup tensions. We do so by integrating theory and research from various social sciences, and we draw out implications for future social psychological research on intergroup relations. We discuss collective psychological ownership in relation to the psychology of possessions, marking behavior, intergroup threats, outgroup exclusion, and in-group responsibility. We suggest that the social psychological processes discussed apply to a range of ownership objects (territory, buildings, cultural artifacts) and various intergroup settings, including international, national, and local contexts, and in organizations and communities. We conclude by providing directions for future research in different intergroup contexts.

scholarly journals Individual Variables, Literacy History, and ESL Progress Among Kurdish and Bosnian Immigrants

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Gardener ◽  
Eleoussa Polyzoi ◽  
Yvette Rampaul
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Text Quality ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Years Of Schooling

This study examines the relationship between individual variables and ESL progress among nine Kurdish and seven Bosnian immigrants. All participants are adult refugees who arrived in Canada with virtually no English. Significant correlations are found between the dependent variables of oral and written progress and the independent variables of literacy level, years of schooling, and ethnicity. Contingency, text quality, and text quantity are also examined. Although the number of participants is small and the number of variables examined is large, it is hypothesized that in 18-21 months high literates will progress from low beginner to advanced, semi-literates from pre-beginner to low intermediate, and pre-literates from pre-beginner to low beginner. The article concludes with implications for ESL programming and future research.

Preventive and Promotive Interventions for Young Children with Psychological Problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Uma Hirisave ◽  
M. Nithya Poornima
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wellness Promotion ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Preventive Mental Health

Psychological research on preventive intervention and promotion of mental health of children has been gaining impetus over the last few decades. This chapter presents key concepts of preventive mental health as applicable to working with young children between the ages of 0 to 6 years. The context of preventive child mental health in India has been clarified by briefly tracing models of child development, empirical studies and national policies and programmes. Recent research focussing on modes of prevention and wellness promotion has been reviewed. The studies reviewed have far-reaching implications for promotion of mental health among young children at various levels. Directions for future research that have been derived from the analysis have been outlined.

How Much Do We Really Know about Moonlighters?

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath V. Baba ◽  
Muhammad Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Variables

This article reviewed the literature on moonlighers to compare the rate of moonlighting reported in government publications with empirical studies done by researchers, and to examine the differences between moonlighters and nonmoonlighters observed in empirical studies on several dependent variables. The average rate of moonlighting in empirical studies was found to be much higher than the rate reported in government publications, both in the U.S.A and Canada. Only a few differences were found between moonlighters and nonmoonlighters with regard to personal, social, and organizationally-valued outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed for future research as well as for management practice.

Effects of Interaction on E-Learning Satisfaction and Outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Eom ◽  
Mohamed Ridda Laouar
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Satisfaction ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
E Learning

We have reviewed several e-learning empirical research studies that have investigated the effects of interaction on satisfaction and outcomes of e-learning, published between 2001 and 2010. Their conclusions seemed inconclusive, ranging from no relationships between interactions and two dependent variables (satisfaction and learning outcomes) to positive relationships. In-depth analyses of these empirical studies conducted by examining dependent and independent constructs and their indicators, research methods, and participants' characteristics. We conclude that the conflicting results are due to primarily different definitions of the dependent and independent constructs and their indicator variables, different research methods employed, and participant's demographic characteristics. In order to build e-learning theories and a cumulative research tradition, it is necessary to (1) define the dependent/independent constructs and their indicators, (2) employ common research methodology, and (3) test commonly accepted causal models. Further, we suggest the following three recommendation to guide the future research. They include using only dialogue, instead of mixing dialogue and interaction, conducting learning theory-based holistic approach, and proper treatment of contextual variables.

scholarly journals Psychological Factors of Myocardial Infarction: Prospects for Clinical and Psychological Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
R. V. Kadyrov ◽  
A. S. Elzesser ◽  
N. S. Bartkovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Type D ◽  
Scientific Attention

This article is a review of empirical studies on the topic of psychological characteristics that contribute to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Such studies are fragmented and deal mostly with the following categories: mental states, patient’s mental processes, symptoms of mental disorders, behavioral strategies, social factors, etc. The research objective was to analyze the results of empirical studies on the myocardial patients' psychological characteristics. The authors identified difficulties and contradictions in the studies. Diagnostic capabilities of type A proved no longer relevant. An analysis of the contradictions in type D studies suggested that longitudinal studies based on a initially healthy people would prove most effective for further research, as well as detailed meta-analyzes of empirical publications. The role of hostility in the genesis of myocardial infarction proved understudied by domestic scientists. As for anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction, it received enough scientific attention; however, researches do not agree about role in the development of myocardial infarction. To reduce psychological risks during cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to determine what conditions and factors accelerate or inhibit the onset of myocardial infarction when combined with personal anxiety. The authors propose to use the following samples: 1) patients with a risk of a heart attack; 2) patients after a heart attack; 3) patients past rehabilitation period. The findings indicate promising areas for future research for the prevention of myocardial infarction.

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