Recycling of Bagasse as an Agricultural Waste and its Effect as Filler on Some Mechanical and Physical Properties of SBR Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-595
Author(s):  
E. S. A. Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Abstract In the present study, a series of mixes based on different concentrations of carbon black (CB) as a reinforcing filler and sugarcane bagasse as supplementary filler, were investigated to examine their effects on the mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. To this end, the first group of mixes deals with the effect of different concentrations of CB ranging from 0 to 80 phr at fixed bagasse concentration of 25 phr. The second group of mixes involves the addition of bagasse with concentrations varying from 10 to 50 phr at 10 intervals with fixed CB concentration of 40 phr. The sizes of the employed ground bagasse powder (GBP) in all prepared formulations ranged from 20 to 180 μm. In addition, 2.5 phr of maleic anhydride (MA) was added to enhance the interfacial adhesion between SBR and agricultural waste fillers (i. e. bagasse). Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation, resilience, hardness (Shore A), abrasion and degree of swelling of the rubber vulcanizates were studied. The prepared samples were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show the distribution of fiber and the occurrence of fiber-matrix adhesion. The optimum concentration of bagasse to be used simultaneously with CB in SBR composites was found to be 30 phr. Overall, it was found from the obtained results that the addition of GBP up to 50 phr is feasible without impairing the mechanical properties of SBR vulcanizates.

Some studies on the effect of bagasse concentration on the mechanical and physical properties of SBR composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 663-677
Author(s):  
ESA Khalaf ◽  
H Farag ◽  
EM Abdel-Bary
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
The Road ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This work aims to avoid pollution of the environment resulting from ashes accumulated due to the burning of agricultural wastes. Also, it aims to reduce the cost without impairing the mechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. For this reason, this work was carried out as a possible solution by incorporation of cellulose fibers derived from bagasse waste as reinforcing fillers in rubber composites. Besides, it aims at reporting an investigation on a series of mixtures based on natural ground bagasse powder (GBP) and carbon black (CB) as reinforcing fillers to study their effects on the mechanical and physical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. The GBP obtained from the grinding machine has a selective grain size distribution ranging from about 20 µm to 180 µm. In addition, 2.5 phr of added maleic anhydride was used to improve the interfacial adhesion between SBR and agricultural waste fillers (i.e. bagasse). Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% elongation, resilience and hardness (Shore A), degree of swelling, and thermal properties of the rubber vulcanizates were studied. The prepared samples were also analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The advantage of choosing the 25 phr bagasse concentration as a pivoting factor makes the road clearer to investigate that the optimum concentration of bagasse to be used simultaneously with CB in SBR composites is 30 phr. Furthermore, it was found from the obtained results that the addition of GBP up to 50 phr is possible without impairing the mechanical properties of SBR vulcanizates.

Influence of Novel Electron Beam Modified Surface Treated Dual Phase Filler on Rheometric and Mechanical Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shanmugharaj ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Rheometric and mechanical properties, hysteresis and swelling behavior of the Styrene-Butadiene Rubber vulcanizates (SBR) filled with unmodified and novel electron beam modified surface treated dual phase fillers were investigated. Scorch time increases for these modified filler loaded vulcanizates due to introduction of quinone type oxygen on the surface. Electron beam modification of dual phase filler in the absence of trimethylol propanetriacrylate (TMPTA) or triethoxysilylpropyltetrasulphide (Si-69) significantly improves the modulus of the SBR vulcanizates, whereas the values of tensile strength and elongation at break drop. However, presence of TMPTA or silane slightly increases the modulus with significant improvement in tensile strength. This effect is more pronounced at higher loading of these modified fillers in SBR vulcanizates. These variations in modulus and tensile strength are explained by the equilibrium swelling data, Kraus plot and a new mathematical model interpreting the polymer-filler interaction. Hysteresis loss ratio of SBR vulcanizates loaded with irradiated fillers in absence and presence of TMPTA or silane increases due to highly aggregated structure of the filler.

Processibility and Mechanical Properties of Mullite-Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Qiong Qiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Mullite (3A12O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate ceramic of great technological importance. We investigated its potential as fillers in rubber. Mullites untreated or treated with 3% γ-mecapto-propyltrimethoxysilane (A-189) were added into styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) materials on a laboratory-sized two-roll mill. For comparison, commercial precipitated silica was also used. The effect of these fillers on the cure characteristics, processibility and mechanical properties of SBR at various loadings, ranging from 0 to 50 phr was investigated. The results showed that mullite was a semi-reinforcing filler for SBR materials and exhibits better overall cure properties, lower Mooney viscosity, lower tensile set, better resilience as compared to precipitated silica, while it is inferior to precipitated silica especially with regard to tensile strength, tear strength and abrasion resistance. The presence of the silane coupling agent can enhance mechanical properties of filled SBR vulcanizates to some extent.

Compounding Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with Shellac. II

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Saxena ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Abstract This study demonstrates that both shellac and its ester improve considerably most of the mechanical properties of SBR. Shellac-ester functions more favorably in this regard. Both these materials can be used as a reinforcing filler for SBR especially if the end product is not intended to be used in service demanding severe abrasion.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Water Purification Industry Used Natural Rubber/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Blends that Prepared Via Different Sulfur Curing Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Dong ◽  
Ruogu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

<div>The water industry used NR was selected for blending with SBR. A series of NR/SBR vulcanizates were prepared through three different vulcanization systems, conventional vulcanization (CV), effective vulcanization (EV) and semi-effective vulcanization (SEV) respectively, basing on each formulation and optimum curing time. We examined the mechanical properties of NR/SBR vulcanizates including tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, modulus, Shore A hardnessand and relative volume abrasion. The results indicated that NR/SBR vulcanizates prepared in different systems differed in mechanical properties. Vulcanizates prepared via CV showed higher tensile and tear strength; vulcanizates prepared via EV had high modulus and hardness, and vulcanizates prepared via SEV performed high abrasion resistance. </div>

Influence of Aromatic Content in Rubber Processing Oils on Viscoelastic Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) for Tyre Tread Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Yotwadee Chokanandsombat ◽  
Pongdhorn Sea-Oui ◽  
Chakrit Sirisinha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Aromatic Oils

In recent years, the increasing concern on the toxicity of highly aromatic oils has been incentive to the development of rubber process oils (RPOs) which are more environmentally-friendly. Many alternative eco-friendly RPOs have been tested with the aims of selecting the most suitable replacement for these highly aromatic oils. As a consequence, in order to achieve both environmental friendliness and effective rubber compounding, the aromatic content in RPOs must be optimised. In the present study, the experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of aromatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PCAs) contents in RPOs on processability and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and vulcanisates. Results obtained suggest that the presence of RPOs leads to a decreased compound viscosity, and thus an enhanced processability. By incorporating the RPOs into SBR compounds, some mechanical properties including elongation at break and tear strength of cured SBR can be improved, particularly for the RPOs with high aromatic content. It is believed to be attributed to the increased compatibility between RPOs and SBR matrix. Nevertheless, the aromatic and PCA contents play little or insignificant role on the crosslink density and bulk viscosity of rubber compounds as well as hardness and compression set of vulcanisates.

Preservation of Archaeological Leather by Reinforcement with Styrene Butadiene Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 1064 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rushdya Rabee ◽  
Mona F. Ali ◽  
Abdel Gawaad Ali Fahmy ◽  
Sawsan Fakhry Halim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Leather has been used in Egypt since 4000 BC. Ancient Egyptians used leather as shrouds, bookbinding and manuscripts. This research aims to find a way to protect archeological leather from damage by environmental factors, without losing their archaeological appearance. Leather samples were subjected to ageing in order to simulate archaeological leather. Styrene butadiene rubber was used to coat the leather samples. Then the leather samples were dipped (immersed) in a bath containing SBR dissolved in toluene with concentrations varies from 1 to 5% by weight. The effect of leather/ SBR reinforcement was evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and measuring the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break (%), color difference (ΔE) and lightness (L), pH value before and after ageing. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of samples. Finally, all samples were subjected to ageing after reinforcement. The results revealed that reinforcement of leather samples by SBR solutions having concentration 3 % gave the best results among other concentrations. The mechanical properties of treated samples were enhanced with reduction in the ΔE values. The results also showed that the pH values of the treated samples did not change even after further aging. SEM scans evidenced that SBR filled the leather surface cracks besides the formation of a protective layer on the leather surface.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Water Purification Industry Used Natural Rubber/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Blends that Prepared Via Different Sulfur Curing Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruogu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

<div>The water industry used NR was selected for blending with SBR. A series of NR/SBR vulcanizates were prepared through three different vulcanization systems, conventional vulcanization (CV), effective vulcanization (EV) and semi-effective vulcanization (SEV) respectively, basing on each formulation and optimum curing time. We examined the mechanical properties of NR/SBR vulcanizates including tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, modulus, Shore A hardnessand and relative volume abrasion. The results indicated that NR/SBR vulcanizates prepared in different systems differed in mechanical properties. Vulcanizates prepared via CV showed higher tensile and tear strength; vulcanizates prepared via EV had high modulus and hardness, and vulcanizates prepared via SEV performed high abrasion resistance. </div>

Effects of Carbon Nanotube on Tensile and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR and NR/XSBR Nanocomposites Prepared by Latex Compounding

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud ◽  
Saowaroj Chuayjuljit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Latex Compounding

In this study, natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) and NR/carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (NR/XSBR) nanocomposites with carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by a latex compounding method. The dry weight ratio of either NR/SBR or NR/XSBR was fixed to 80/20 and the CNT loading in each blend was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 phr. The nanocomposite latices were cast into sheets on a glass mold and then cured at 80°C for 3 h. The tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain, elongation at break) and dynamic mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss tangent) of the vulcanizates were then evaluated. The results showed that the addition of CNT at a very loading could enhance the tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain and storage modulus of these two rubber bends in a dose dependent manner, except that the tensile strength peaked at an optimum filler level, declining at higher filler loadings, whilst the elongation at break deteriorated. Moreover, the tensile strength and modulus at 300% strain of the NR/XSBR nanocomposites appeared to be higher than those of the NR/SBR nanocomposites at the same CNT loadings.

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