Toxicological Chemical Analysis of Methanol in Blood of Patients with Acute Ethanol Intoxication for Determining Detectable Quantities of Methanol and Analysis of the Correlation Between Ingested Alcohol

Summary The aim of the study was to carry out a toxicological chemical analysis of methanol in detectable quantities in the blood of patients with acute alcohol intoxication. Blood samples from 85 patients with acute alcohol intoxication were analysed for the presence of methanol. All patients with acute methanol intoxication were excluded from the study. The methods of gas chromatography with vapor-phase analysis (head-space) and flame ionization detection (FID) were used. The limit of detection (LOD=0.015 g/L) and the limit of quantification (LOQ=0.025 g/L) of methanol in whole blood were evaluated. In 30% of the cases, methanol was found in the blood in detectable quantities. The levels of methanol were on the average 5 to 6 times lower than the toxic methanol level (0200 g/L) and they were not due to natural metabolic processes (ingestion of fruit, fruit juices or vegetables). No reliable statistically linear correlation between the concentration of ethanol and methanol was found. Methanol subintoxications are major factors in alcohol intoxications, in which the quantity of the alcohol ingested is not as important as its quality. Chronic methanol subintoxication of people who often consume alcohol of poor quality is discussed.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF POLYMORPHISM OF THE GABRA2 GENE ON THE DEGREE OF RAT POISONING IN ACUTE ETHANOL INTOXICATION

Токсикологический вестник ◽

10.36946/0869-7922-2019-3-3-7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

N. S. Osechkina ◽

G. V. Nazarov ◽

M. B. Ivanov ◽

E. G. Batotsyrenova ◽

V. A. Kashuro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Acute Ethanol ◽

Severe Intoxication ◽

Acute Ethanol Intoxication

Four polymorphic GABRA2 gene variations: rs105733011, rs8168342, rs198286814, rs198837638 that can influence the formation of different biological effects of the organism when exposed to ethanol have been investigated. For rs105733011 polymorphism the frequency of occurrence of the CT genotype was found to be significantly higher (p < 0,05) among animals with «severe intoxication» – 37,0% than with «mild intoxication» – 14,0%. For rs198286814 polymorphism the tendency to the most frequent occurrence of the AG genotype in the group of animals with «severe intoxication» was established. Significant differences in the distribution of occurrence frequencies of the GG/AG genotypes in the studied groups for polymorphic loci rs8168342 and rs198837638 were not revealed. It was concluded that the rs105733011 polymorphism can be one of the genetic markers allowing to predict the degree of inhibitory action of ethanol in acute alcohol intoxication.

Download Full-text

VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF DIALLYL DISULFIDE AND DIALLYL TRISULFIDE IN GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.ff035 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 163-166

Author(s):

HARMITA HARMITA ◽

HERMAN SURYADI ◽

LIDWINA DEVIANI LIKASA

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Diallyl Disulfide ◽

Diallyl Trisulfide ◽

Ionization Detector ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Precision Limit ◽

Optimized Conditions

Objective: The purpose of this research was to optimize and validate a method for measuring the levels of diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide(DATS) in garlic and single clove garlic.Methods: The analysis was performed using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with an HP-1 column and a flame ionization detector. The initialcolumn temperature was set at 140°C and increased at 1°C/min to 180°C. The injector and detector temperatures were set to 200°C, the carrier gasflow rate was 0.80 mL/min, and the injection volume was 1.0 μL. The optimized conditions of analysis were then validated which included selectivity,linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ).Results: Using the validated assay and a concentration range of 0.5–20 μg/mL, the coefficient of correlation (r) for DADS was 0.9999 and the LODand LOQ for DADS were 0.3063 μg/mL and 1.0210 μg/mL, respectively. Using the validated assay and a concentration range of 0.5–20 μg/mL, thecoefficient of correlation for DATS was 0.9999 and the LOD and LOQ for DATS were 0.1986 μg/mL and 0.6621 μg/mL, respectively. The percentage ofrecovery was in the range of 98.05–101.76% and coefficient of variation ≤ 2%.Conclusion: This GC method accurately measures the levels of DADS and DATS in garlic.

Download Full-text

The effect of sorbents on the serum levels of copper, iron and their transporting proteins at alcohol intoxication

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-868 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 868-871

Author(s):

N A Terekhina ◽

E V Zhidko ◽

G A Terekhin ◽

A G Orbidans

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Ceruloplasmin Level ◽

Acute Ethanol ◽

Acute Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane Permeability

Aim. Evaluate the effect of sorbents on erythrocyte membrane permeability and serum levels of copper, iron and their transporting proteins at acute ethanol intoxication. Methods. The study was performed on 94 rats. Acute alcohol intoxication was simulated on intact animals and in animals with prior artificial alcohol abuse. Acute ethanol intoxication was caused by intragastric administration of 40% ethanol at a dose of 0.5 of median lethal dose. Polysorb, Litovit, and Sapropel sorbents were administered at a dose of 3000 mg/kg 30 minutes after ethanol administration. permeability of erythrocyte membrane, serum levels of copper, iron, ceruloplasmin and transferrin were measured by spectrophotometry. Results. Levels of copper and iron in rat serum and erythrocyte membrane permeability significantly dropped compared to the control level at acute ethanol intoxication, ceruloplasmin level raised by 1.5 times, transferrin level did not change significantly. At acute ethanol intoxication in animals with prior artificial alcohol abuse, copper and iron levels and erythrocyte membrane permeability remained low, ceruloplasmin level remained high, transferrin level was decreased for 2 times. All sorbents were able to compensate the serum levels of copper, iron and ceruloplasmin in animals with prior artificial alcohol abuse, and Litovit and Polysorb also influenced on transferrin level. Conclusion. Compensatory effect of Polysorb, Litovit, and Sapropel on the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, copper, iron and transferrin and on erythrocyte membrane permeability was discovered at acute ethanol intoxication in animals with prior artificial alcohol abuse.

Download Full-text

Method Validation and Evaluation of Safrole Persistence in Cowpea Beans Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6914

Author(s):

Maria Suely Siqueira Ferraz ◽

Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni ◽

Fernanda Fernandes Heleno ◽

Adalberto Hipólito de Sousa ◽

Lucas Henrique Figueiredo Prates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Main Component

Bioinsecticides are regarded as important alternatives for controlling agricultural pests. However, few studies have determined the persistence of these compounds in stored grains. This study aimed at optimizing and validating a fast and effective method for extraction and quantification of residues of safrole (the main component of Piper hispidinervum essential oil) in cowpea beans. It also sought to assess the persistence of this substance in the grains treated by contact and fumigation. The proposed method used headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Factors such as temperature, extraction time and type of fiber were assessed to maximize the performance of the extraction technique. The performance of the method was appraised via the parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ of safrole were 0.0057 and 0.019 μg kg−1, respectively and the determination coefficient (R2) was >0.99. The relative recovery ranged from 99.26 to 104.85, with a coefficient of variation <15%. The validated method was applied to assess the persistence of safrole residue in grains, where concentrations ranged from 1.095 to 0.052 µg kg−1 (contact) and from 2.16 to 0.12 µg kg −1 (fumigation). The levels measured up from the fifth day represented less than 1% of the initial concentration, proving that safrole have low persistence in cowpea beans, thus being safe for bioinsecticide use. Thus, this work is relevant not only for the extraction method developed, but also for the possible use of a natural insecticide in pest management in stored grains.

Download Full-text

1,2-Dichloroethane. Determination in workplace air

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.0761 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (2(96)) ◽

pp. 133-143

Author(s):

Agnieszka Woźnica

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Flammable Liquid ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Selective Determination ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Chemical Agents ◽

Workplace Air ◽

Other Substances ◽

Air Sample

1,2-Dichloroethane is a colorless, highly flammable liquid with a chloroform-like odor. This substance is used in industry as an intermediate in the production of vinyl chloride, but it is also used in the production of other chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is also used as a solvent. 1,2-Dichloroethane is carcinogenic for humans. The aim of this study was to develop a method for determining concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane in the workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values (0.82–16.4 mg/m3). The study was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a capillary column HP-1 (50 m x 0.32 mm; 0.3 μm). The method is based on the adsorption of 1,2-dichloroethane on activated charcoal, desorption of analyzed compound with carbon disulfide and analysis of obtained solution with GC-FID. The use of HP-1 column enabled selective determination of 1,2-dichloroethane in a presence of other substances. The average desorption coefficient of 1,2-dichloroethane from charcoal was 0.98. The method is linear (r = 0.9999) within the investigated working range from 9.84 to 196.8 μg/ml, which is equivalent to air concentrations from 0.82 to 16.4 mg/m3 for a 12-L air sample. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were to 2.284 μg/ml and 6.85 μg/ml, respectively. The analytical method described in this paper enables selective determination of 1,2-dichloroethane in workplace air in presence of other substances at concentrations from 0.82 mg/m3 (1/10 MAC value). The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedures for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. EN 482. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane and associated risk to workers’ health. The developed method of determining 1,2-dichloroethane has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).

Download Full-text

Quantification of Ethanedinitrile in Air Using a New and Accurate Gas Chromatography Method

Methods and Protocols ◽

10.3390/mps2010001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sam Brierley ◽

Anthony Adlam ◽

Matthew Hall

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Regulatory Agencies ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Sulfuryl Fluoride ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Plant Soil ◽

The World ◽

High Concentrations

Compared to previously tested fumigants such as methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride and phosphine; ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a new fumigant which is being trialled around the world as a pre-plant soil treatment and as a quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) treatment of commodities. To collect the data necessary to assess the effectiveness of this fumigant, an accurate analytical method is needed across a wide concentration range. We reviewed the methods of detection for EDN described in recently published fumigation studies and have developed and validated a method to quantify EDN in air using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC–FID). Our tested method has a linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of R2 0.9988, 1.36%, 98.8%, 0.750 ppm and 1.073 ppm, respectively. These values were determined using internationally recognised guidelines for the validation of non-standard analytical methods, which means that our method can be applied to the different validation requirements of regulatory agencies and countries. Our method can be used for experimental conditions that require detection at low and high concentrations simultaneously because it is accurate, fast (0.6 min) and repeatable across a concentration range of 1 to 40,000 ppm. This method will help to standardise the quantification of EDN by research groups and facilitate acceptance of data by regulatory organisations around the world.

Download Full-text

VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD OF 2,5-HEXANEDIONE ON URINE BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.32687 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 320-324

Author(s):

MUCHTARIDI MUCHTARIDI ◽

Kurnia Megawati ◽

Febrina Amelia Saputri ◽

Mulyana Mulyana

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

System Suitability ◽

Study Results ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Validation Of Analytical Method

Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain a valid analytical method for determining the level of 2,5-hexanedione in the urine of oil industry workers. Methods: Gas Chromatography (GC) was employed to analyze 2,5-hexanedione in the urine. The analysis was done using HP-5 (Crosslinked methyl siloxane) capillary columns 30 m x 0.320 mm long, film thickness 0.25 μm. The temperature of the detector temperature was 300 °C, and the injector temperature was 250 °C. The helium gas flow rate was 2 ml/min. The detector was Flame Ionization Detection (FID). Parameters of system suitability test and validation were obtained. Results: This study results that the method of analysis 2,5-hexanedione in urine by Gas Chromatography (GC) confirm the requirements of the validation method with a linearity was 0.99963, accuracy was in the range of 99.16% to 114.13%, the precision with % coefficient of variation was 1.65% to 5.16%, % coefficient variation of specificity was 0.027%, limit of detection was 0.054 μg/ml and limit of quantification was 0.18 μg/ml. Conclusion: The proposed GC method meets the acceptance criteria of validation parameters and can be applied for routine analysis.

Download Full-text

N-acetylcysteine relieves neurologic signs of acute ethanol hangover in rats

Research Results in Pharmacology ◽

10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.62622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 75-83

Author(s):

Denis V. Kurkin ◽

Evgeny I. Morkovin ◽

Nazar A. Osadchenko ◽

Dmitry A. Bakulin ◽

Marina A. Dubrovina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Water Maze ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Morris Water Maze Test ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Maze Test ◽

Acute Ethanol ◽

Acute Ethanol Intoxication

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the grave social and medical problems in many countries, including Russia. Alcohol not only negatively affects health, social and family relationships, but also a person’s performance. Hangover, which is a one of the negative consequences of alcohol intake, is a complex of neurological and somatic symptoms that occur when ethanol is almost completely metabolized to acetaldehyde. This condition, despite the severity and potential economic damage, remains poorly understood, and there are no effective medicines to treat it. Aim: to provide an experimental basis for the possibility of using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, as a medicine for prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments due to alcohol intoxication. Materials and Methods: The study used male Wistar rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg to simulate acute ethanol intoxication. Sixty minutes before the injection, the animals from the experimental groups were gavaged with NAC (1 g/kg) or with an equivalent volume of saline. Immediately after awakening and 3 h after it, the animals were assessed for neurological deficits, motor skills, spontaneous motor activity, and cognitive functions. After the completion of the behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized to assess the level of glutathione, triglycerides (TGs), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates, and to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems and serum aminotransferases. Results and Discussion: The ethanol intoxication in the animals from the control group was associated with pronounced signs of neurological and cognitive impairments, including low spontaneous motor and exploratory activity, impaired fine motor skills in the adhesive test, and cognitive function decline in the Morris water maze test. The rats which had received NAC before ethanol injection demonstrated better fine motor skills in the adhesive test, a higher level of spontaneous motor activity and better performance in the Morris water maze test (in comparison to the animals treated with saline before alcohol intoxication). In the animals which had received NAC, the levels of glutathione, MDA, and TGs, as well as the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, were closer to the values of the intact rats to a greater extent than in the animals that had been injected with ethanol and received saline. Conclusion: Orally administered NAC before acute ethanol intoxication led to a decrease in the severity of neurological deficiency in rats and reduced the amnesic effect of ethanol. This could be due to an improvement of ethanol metabolism and a decrease in the severity of disorders associated with oxidative stress and liver dysfunction.

Download Full-text

Acute ethanol intoxication induces preferred loss of presynaptic boutons devoid of mitochondria in vivo

10.1101/536334 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jil Protzmann ◽

Astha Jaiswal ◽

Karl Rohr ◽

Thomas Kuner ◽

Sidney Cambridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Ethanol Exposure ◽

Dense Core Vesicle ◽

Ethanol Intoxication ◽

Acute Ethanol ◽

Presynaptic Boutons ◽

Acute Ethanol Intoxication

AbstractAcute alcohol intoxication is frequently observed in modern societies and carries a vast burden, ranging from traffic accidents to transient memory loss. Despite years of intense research, the effects of acute ethanol intoxication on brain function remain incompletely understood. Here, we studied the effect of acute ethanol intoxication on axonal organelle trafficking and presynaptic structure using in vivo two photon microscopy in anesthetized mice. After a single intraperitoneal injection of ethanol, inducing a blood alcohol concentration of roughly 250 mg/dl, the axonal mitochondrial mobility was doubled while dense core vesicle mobility remained unaffected. Simultaneously imaging mitochondria and presynaptic boutons revealed that unoccupied presynaptic boutons perished more frequently after ethanol exposure, while boutons stably occupied with mitochondria mostly persisted. Our results define a novel mechanism of ethanol action and may explain difficulties in permanently storing new memories after episodes of intense ethanol consumption with a loss of synapses.

Download Full-text

Acute Alcohol Intoxication Impairs Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clearance in the Lung by Impeding Epithelial Production of Reg3γ

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00974-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 1402-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sun-Mi Choi ◽

Jeremy P. McAleer ◽

Giraldina Trevejo-Nunez ◽

Derek A. Pociask ◽

Rachel A. Armentrout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Health Concern ◽

Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

The Past ◽

Stat3 Signaling ◽

Acute Ethanol

ABSTRACTThe incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) pneumonia in previously healthy individuals has increased in the past 5 years. Such infections are associated with bronchiectasis and high mortality rates, making them a significant public health concern. The mechanisms of host defense against this pathogen are not well characterized. However, patients diagnosed with MRSA, as opposed to methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA), are more likely to have abused alcohol in the past, and these patients are more likely to die from sepsis. In the United States, USA300 is the predominant strain that causes necrotizing pneumonia. To investigate whether acute ethanol exacerbates MRSA pneumonia, mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered 2 or 4 g/kg of ethanol 30 min prior to oropharyngeal inoculation of 2 × 107CFU of USA300. An increased pulmonary bacterial burden was observed in alcohol-intoxicated mice at 16 and 24 h and was associated with decreased levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). IL-6 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as part of an acute-phase response of infection. Reg3γ is an antimicrobial C-type lectin that is induced by STAT3 signaling in response to Gram-positive bacteria. Previously,in situhybridization studies showed thatReg3gis highly expressed in lung epithelium. In the present study, we found that acute ethanol exacerbated USA300 in a murine model of USA300 pneumonia. This was associated with reduced IL-6 expressionin vivoas well as inhibition of IL-6 induction of STAT3 signaling andReg3gexpression in mouse lung epithelial (MLE12) cellsin vitro. Furthermore, recombinant Reg3γ administration 4 h after MRSA infection in alcohol-intoxicated mice rescued USA300 clearancein vivo. Therefore, acute alcohol intoxication leads to decreased MRSA clearance in part by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 induction of the antimicrobial protein Reg3γ in the pulmonary epithelium.

Download Full-text