An examination of imagery ability and imagery use in skilled golfers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Parker ◽  
Geoff P. Lovell ◽  
Martin I. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Exercise Psychology ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The use of imagery to improve golf performance is well established and recognised as a key psychological technique in developing and maintaining excellence. However, the relationship between a golfer’s imagery ability and their imagery use is still poorly understood. The current study examined differences in participants vividness of movement imagery and imagery use and the extent their vividness of movement imagery predicted functions of imagery use. Methods One hundred and one male skilled golfers (Mage=27.80, SD=11.03) with CONGU recognised handicaps ranging from plus 4 to 5 (Mhandicap=1.32, SD=2.74) completed both the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (Roberts, R., Callow, N., Hardy, L., Markland, D., & Bringer, J. (2008). Movement imagery ability: Development and assessment of a revised version of the vividness of movement imagery questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(2), 200–221) and Sports Imagery Questionnaire (Hall, C. R., Mack, D. E., Paivio, A., & Hauesenblas, H. A. (1998). Imagery use by athletes: Development of the sport imagery questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 73–89). Results The results demonstrated no significant differences between Internal and External visual imagery, however, Kinaesthetic imagery scores were significantly higher than External visual imagery scores. Significant differences in imagery use were recorded with participants reporting higher Cognitive specific imagery use scores compared to other functions of imagery use. Regression analyses indicted that golf handicap accounted for 12% in the variance of Cognitive specific imagery use with an additional 12% accounted for by Internal visual imagery and 7% Kinaesthetic imagery. For Cognitive general imagery use golf handicap accounted for 4% of the variance with Internal visual imagery adding a further 5% to the model. Conclusions Our findings highlight that vividness of movement imagery; specifically, Internal and Kinaesthetic imagery ability are significant predictors of skilled golfers Cognitive specific and Cognitive general imagery use.

Is Locomotor Distance Estimation Guided by Visual Imagery?

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Corlett ◽  
John Anton ◽  
Steve Kozub ◽  
Michel Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Target Distance ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Movement Imagery

70 subjects were tested for their visual subscale scores on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire and also for their ability to walk, without vision, to a previously viewed target location 9 m away. Imagery ability was hypothesized to correlate with accuracy of “blind” target-directed walking which the literature suggests, without empirical support, is imagery-dependent. No support for this hypothesis was found. Low, medium, and high imagers showed no differences in ability to reproduce target distance accurately or consistently by walking the estimated distance without further visual updating. The results call into question whether task performance is imagery-based or whether subjects use alternative strategies to approach the target.

Movement Imagery Ability: Development and Assessment of a Revised Version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Roberts ◽  
Nichola Callow ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
David Markland ◽  
Joy Bringer
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Preliminary Support

The purpose of this research was to amend the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ; Isaac, Marks, & Russell, 1986) in line with contemporary imagery modality and perspective conceptualizations, and to test the validity of the amended questionnaire (i.e., the VMIQ-2). Study 1 had 351 athletes complete the 3-factor (internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery) 24-item VMIQ-2. Following single-factor confirmatory factor analyses and item deletion, a 12-item version was subject to correlated traits / correlated uniqueness (CTCU) analysis. An acceptable fit was revealed. Study 2 used a different sample of 355 athletes. The CTCU analysis confirmed the factorial validity of the 12-item VMIQ-2. In Study 3, the concurrent and construct validity of the VMIQ-2 was supported. Taken together, the results of the 3 studies provide preliminary support for the revised VMIQ-2 as a psychometrically valid questionnaire.

scholarly journals The comparison of Imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Pedro Alexandre Duarte Mendes ◽  
Daniel Almeida Marinho ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Luís Cid ◽  
Rui Paulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Intervention Method ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
And Control

The ability to generate and control mental images is present in all of us, but it differs from person to person. Therefore, it is important to understand that imagery ability can be changed through training and experimentation, it is not a fixed ability (Cumming & Williams, 2012). The aim of this study is to compare imagery ability in elite, sub-elite and non-elite athletes in a sport which involves closed and continuous motor skills, such as swimming. 79 swimmers (male N = 37; female N = 42) at an average age of 17 took part in this study. In order to assess imagery ability, the Movement Imagery Questionnaire 3 was used, Portuguese version (Mendes et al., 2016). After analysis of the results, these show that in each and every imagery modality, the scores in the three groups differ significantly. In kinesthetic and external visual imagery the elite and sub-elite groups’ scores, although not statistically different from each other, are significantly higher than those of the non-elite group. In internal visual imagery, the differences between all the compared pairs of groups are statistically significant. The elite group got the highest scores, followed by the sub-elite group average scores and finally the non-elite group average scores. According to these results, the conclusion is that athletes with better performance show greater imagery ability and that apparently the external visual imagery proved to be the best intervention method among swimming athletes.

What Are Confident Athletes Imaging?: An Examination of Image Content

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Moritz ◽  
Craig R. Hall ◽  
Kathleen A. Martin ◽  
Eva Vadocz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Image Content ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Mastery Experiences ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the advocacy of a confidence-enhancing function of mental imagery, the relationship between confidence and imagery has received little attention from sport researchers. The primary purpose of the present study was to identify the specific image content of confident athletes. Fifty-seven elite competitive rollerskaters completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (MIQ-R), the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ), and the State Sport Confidence Inventory (SSCI). Results revealed that high sport-confident athletes used more mastery and arousal imagery, and had better kinesthetic and visual imagery ability than low sport-confident athletes did. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that mastery imagery accounted for the majority of variance in SSCI scores (20%). The results of this study suggest that when it comes to sport confidence, the imaged rehearsal of specific sport skills may not be as important as the imagery of sport-related mastery experiences and emotions.

scholarly journals Perfectionism and Attitudes Toward Sport Psychology Support and Mental Health Support in Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dean R. Watson ◽  
Andrew P. Hill ◽  
Daniel J. Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Relationship

Attitudes toward help-seeking will contribute to whether athletes ask for support for performance and mental health issues when needed. While research outside of sport has found perfectionism is related to negative attitudes toward help-seeking, no studies have examined the relationship in sport. The authors provided the first test of whether perfectionism predicted attitudes toward both sport psychology support and mental health support. One hundred and sixty-six collegiate athletes completed measures of perfectionism and attitudes toward sport psychology support and mental health support. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perfectionistic concerns positively predicted closedness and stigma toward sport psychology support and mental health support, and negatively predicted help-seeking toward mental health support. However, perfectionistic strivings negatively predicted stigma toward sport psychology support and mental health support, and positively predicted confidence in sport psychology support and help-seeking toward mental health support. Athletes higher in perfectionistic concerns are less likely to seek support when required.

scholarly journals Further Validation and Development of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Williams ◽  
Jennifer Cumming ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis ◽  
Sanna M. Nordin-Bates ◽  
Richard Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Best Fit

This research validated and extended the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (MIQ-R; Hall & Martin, 1997). Study 1 (N = 400) examined the MIQ-R’s factor structure via multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis. The questionnaire was then modified in Study 2 (N = 370) to separately assess the ease of imaging external visual imagery and internal visual imagery, as well as kinesthetic imagery (termed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3; MIQ-3). Both Studies 1 and 2 found that a correlated-traits correlated-uniqueness model provided the best fit to the data, while displaying gender invariance and no significant differences in latent mean scores across gender. Study 3 (N = 97) demonstrated the MIQ-3’s predictive validity revealing the relationships between imagery ability and observational learning use. Findings highlight the method effects that occur by assessing each type of imagery ability using the same four movements and demonstrate that better imagers report greater use of observational learning.

scholarly journals Imagery ability in Boccia: Comparison among federate athletes from different medical sport groups

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
André Amorim ◽  
Bruno Travassos ◽  
Pedro Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Movement Imagery ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Visualization Ability

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare movement visualization ability in federate and non-federate Boccia athletes, and among federate Boccia medical sport groups. Forty-two Boccia athletes (Federate N = 24; Non-federate N = 18) at an average age of 35.8 (SD = 11.19) participated in this study. The Portuguese version of Movement Imagery Questionnaire - 3 (MIQ-3), was used for this study. The participants were evaluated on the internal and external visual imagery. Statistics was carried out following the method of interference based on the magnitude of the effects. Results showed a great effect of expertise in imagery ability. The comparison between federate and non-federate Boccia athletes showed a great effect in the Internal Visual subscale and a moderate effect in the External Visual subscale. It was also observed differences between athletes from different medical-sports groups, revealing that the requirements of the sport linked to their action abilities provides them with different Imagery abilities. These results clearly influence the prescription of imagery training programs for different groups taking into account different medical-practice groups.

Is Locomotor Distance Estimation Guided by Visual Imagery?

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Corlett ◽  
John Anton ◽  
Steve Kozub ◽  
Michel Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Target Distance ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Movement Imagery

70 subjects were tested for their visual subscale scores on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire and also for their ability to walk, without vision, to a previously viewed target location 9 m away. Imagery ability was hypothesized to correlate with accuracy of “blind” target-directed walking which the literature suggests, without empirical support, is imagery-dependent. No support for this hypothesis was found. Low, medium, and high imagers showed no differences in ability to reproduce target distance accurately or consistently by walking the estimated distance without further visual updating. The results call into question whether task performance is imagery-based or whether subjects use alternative strategies to approach the target.

Relationship between Visual and Motor Imagery

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P. McAvinue ◽  
Ian H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Implicit Motor ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between visual and motor imagery was investigated by administering a battery of visual and motor imagery measures to a sample of 101 men ( n = 49) and women ( n = 52), who ranged in age from 18 to 59 ( M=34.5, SD=12.6). A principal components analysis applied to the correlation matrix indicated four underlying components, which explained 62.9% of the variance. The components were named Implicit Visual Imagery Ability, Self-report of Visual and Motor Imagery, Implicit Motor Imagery Ability, and Explicit Motor Imagery Ability. These results suggested a dissociation between visual and motor imagery although visual and motor imagery were associated as self-reports and there were correlations among particular measures.

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