scholarly journals Isothermal and non-isothermal infiltration and deuterium transport: a case study in a soil column from a headwater catchment

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Martina Sobotková ◽  
Michal Sněhota ◽  
Eva Budínová ◽  
Miroslav Tesař
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Water Viscosity ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractIsothermal and non-isothermal infiltration experiments with tracer breakthrough were carried out in the laboratory on one intact column (18.9 cm in diameter, 25 cm in height) of sandy loam soil. For the isothermal experiment, the temperature of the infiltrating water was 20°C to the initial temperature of the sample. For the two non-isothermal experiments water temperature was set at 8°C and 6°C, while the initial temperature of the sample was 22°C. The experiments were conducted under the same initial and boundary conditions. Pressure heads and temperatures were monitored in two depths (8.8 and 15.3 cm) inside the soil sample. Two additional temperature sensors monitored the entering and leaving temperatures of the water. Water drained freely through the perforated plate at the bottom of the sample by gravity and outflow was measured using a tipping bucket flowmeter. The permeability of the sample calculated for steady state stages of the experiment showed that the significant difference between water flow rates recorded during the two experiments could not only be justified by temperature induced changes of the water viscosity and density. The observed data points of the breakthrough curve were successfully fitted using the two-region physical non-equilibrium model. The results of the breakthrough curves showed similar asymmetric shapes under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

Leaching and mobility of carbofuran from granular and alginate controlled release formulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. MAREI ◽  
H. R. SOLTAN ◽  
A. MOUSA ◽  
A. KHAMIS
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Controlled Release Formulations ◽  
Loam Soil

Controlled release (CR) formulations can significantly influence the fate of carbofuran in the environment. The influence of three alginate-encapsulated CR formulations compared with the granular formulation (G10%) on the mobility of carbofuran in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil was investigated. In flooded soil the leaching potential of the three alginate controlled release formulations tested was decreased more than nine times (not more than 3%) compared with the G10% (28%). Most of the released carbofuran was confined to the top 0–5 cm of the soil column followed by the second 5–10 cm layer and the least was found in the fourth section (15–20 cm). The data obtained for a sandy loam soil irrigated by drip irrigation showed that the greatest proportion of carbofuran leached through the columns was from the G10% (52%) compared with 3–4% from CR formulations over a 30-day period. The carbofuran concentrations found in different soil depths showed similar trends to those for the flooded soil. Based on the residue levels recorded within the 20 cm depth, the relative retention ratio of carbofuran in sandy clay loam versus sandy loam soil was 1·2[ratio ]1 for the controlled release formulations and 1·9[ratio ]1 for the G10%.

Examination of the Penetration of Enteric Viruses in Soils under Simulated Conditions in the Laboratory

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Loam Soil

In two different unsaturated soil columns percolated with artificial rainwater under simulated aerated conditions, transport of coxsackievirus B3 and adenovirus 1 below 3.5 cm under the soil surface could not be demonstrated. The viruses were applied to the columns as seeded sewage sludge. Under saturated conditions transport of water-suspended coxsackievirus B3 was faster in a soil column with sandy loam soil than in a diluvial sand column.

Phosphorus and copper leaching from dredged sediment applied on a sandy loam soil: column study

Chemosphere ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Xu Chen ◽  
Guang-Wei Zhu ◽  
Guang-Ming Tian ◽  
Hua-Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Dredged Sediment ◽  
Column Study ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Berm on Growth of Peach Trees during Establishment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 600b-600
Author(s):  
B.D. McCraw ◽  
Becky Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Peach Trees

Long-term success in peach production requires the best possible site, but the ideal site is difficult to find. Risk of crop loss to spring freeze dictates that trees be on high ground. As a result, the best site available may have less than optimum soil. Effects of irrigation on peach tree growth are well documented. Raised beds have been used in other crops to insure adequate water drainage away from roots of crop plants. Results from larger beds or berms in combination with irrigation on peaches have been reported in Ohio, but little information is available for the southeast production region. In this study, berms on a Teller Fine Sandy Loam soil were constructed with a road grader in Oct. 1993. The berms were 55.8 cm high, 61 cm wide at the top, and sloped ≈30° to a base width of 4.3 m. `Flameprince'/Lovell trees were planted in Mar. 1994, 6.1 m between rows and 5.5 m between trees in rows. The experiment was a split-plot design with four replications and three trees per treatment replication. Treatments consisted of no irrigation, 40% or 80% pan evaporation (PE) replacement in combination with berm or flat planting surface. Irrigation was supplied by means of emitters which applied 3.7 L per hour. Two emitters per tree were located in the row 45.7 cm either side of the tree trunk. During the first 4 years there was no significant difference between 40% and 80% PE irrigation treatments. Likewise, no significant interactions occurred. Tree trunk caliper, canopy area, and height were greater in irrigated plots and the same or greater from trees in flat plots in all cases.

LEACHING OF FOUR ORCHARD HERBICIDES IN SOIL COLUMNS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. HOGUE ◽  
A. GAUNCE ◽  
S. U. KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Okanagan Valley

The mobility of four residual orchard herbicides, diuron, dichlobenil, simazine and terbacil was compared in soil columns using a sandy loam and loam soil common to the Okanagan Valley. Mobility for all herbicides was greater in the sandy loam than loam soil. Dichlobenil was least mobile in the soil columns followed by diuron, simazine then terbacil. No dichlobenil was leached through the 30-cm sandy loam soil column with 120 cm of water but 40 cm of water leached more than half of the terbacil. More dichlobenil was converted to the water-soluble 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in the loam soil than in the sandy soil. This metabolite is water-soluble and was partially leached through the loam soil column with the highest level of irrigation.

scholarly journals Influences of water chemical property on infiltration into mixed soil consisting of feldspathic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
Zenghui Sun ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Huanyuan Wang ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Property ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feldspathic Sandstone

Abstract Water infiltration into the soil profile are related to the condition of the soil texture, soil bulk density, and water intensity, it is also affected by the physicochemical properties of the water. In this study, we tested the effect of two different chemical properties of water (groundwater for irrigation and naturally accumulated water) on water infiltration in seven different mixed soil consisting of different ratios of feldspathic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil (1:0, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 0:1) through laboratory soil column testing. Our results show that when the textures of the mixed soils are silty loam and sandy loam (ratios of feldspathic sandstone to aeolian sandy soil 1:0, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2), the infiltration time of the naturally accumulated water is significantly longer than the infiltration time of the groundwater for irrigation. When the mixed soil texture is loamy sand and sand (the ratio of feldspathic sandstone to sandy soil is 1:5 and 0:1), there was no significant difference in the infiltration time of the naturally accumulated water and of the groundwater for irrigation. Using water with the same chemical properties, the infiltration time in different ratios of mixed soil decreases from 1:0, 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, to 0:1. Using the same feldspathic sandstone to aeolian sandy soil ratio, the cumulative infiltration using naturally accumulated water is greater than that using groundwater for irrigation, and the difference in cumulative infiltration is greatest when the ratio of feldspathic sandstone to sandy soil is 2:1. The relationship between the cumulative infiltration and elapsed time is consistent with the Logarithmic model. The changes in wetting front migration distance are consistent with the changes in the cumulative infiltration. The infiltration characteristics of water in the mixed soil are affected by a combination of water chemical property and soil texture.

scholarly journals Reduction of Nutrient Leaching Potential in Coarse-Textured Soil by Using Biochar

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Yu-Lin Kuo ◽  
Chia-Hisng Lee ◽  
Shih-Hao Jien
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Critical Methods

Background: Loss of nutrients and organic carbon (OC) through leaching or erosion may degrade soil and water quality, which in turn could lead to food insecurity. Adding biochar to soil can effectively improve soil stability, therefore, evaluating the effects of biochar on OC and nutrient retention and leaching is critical. Methods: We conducted a 42-day column leaching experiment by using sandy loam soil samples mixed with 2% of biochar pyrolyzed from Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) wood sawdust at 300 °C (WB300) and 600 °C (WB600) and a control sample. Leaching was achieved by flushing the soil column on day 4 and every week during the 42-day experiment and adding a water volume for each flushing equivalent to the field water capacity. Results: Biochar application increased the final soil pH and OC, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, available P concentrations but not exchangeable K concentrations. In particular, WB600 exhibited superior performance in alleviating soil acidification; WB300 engendered high NO3−-N concentrations. Biochar application effectively retained water in soil and inhibited the leaching of the aforementioned nutrients and dissolved OC. WB300 reduced NH4+-N and K leaching by 30%, and WB600 reduced P leaching by 68%. Conclusions: Biochar application can improve nutrient retention and reduce the leaching potential of soils and connected water bodies.

scholarly journals Permeable Reactive Barriers for Preventing Water Bodies from a Phosphorus-Polluted Agricultural Runoff-Column Experiment

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bus ◽  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk ◽  
Anna Baryła
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Reactive Barriers

This paper aims to examine the potential of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) as an in-situ removal approach for phosphate polluted agricultural runoff. Four different reactive materials (RMs) of: autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), Polonite®, zeolite and limestone were tested. The study was conducted as a column experiment with a sandy loam soil type charging underlying RM layers with phosphorus (P) and a soil column without RM as a reference. The experiment was carried out over 90 days. During this time the P-PO4 load from the reference column equaled 6.393 mg and corresponds to 3.87 kg/ha. Tested RMs are characterized by high P-PO4 retention equaling 99, 98, 88 and 65% for Polonite®, AAC, zeolite and limestone, respectively. At common annual P loss rates of 1 kg/ha from intensively used agricultural soils, the PRB volume ranged from 48 to 67 m3 would reduce the load between 65 and 99% for the RMs tested in this study.

scholarly journals Movement of Dichlorvos in Farm Soils: Batch and Column Studies.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahuel Bustos ◽  
Diego Grassi ◽  
Alicia Fernández Cirelli ◽  
Analia Iriel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract Soils are the principal environmental fate of pesticides in agricultural areas. Thus, the kinetics, extension, and strength of the adsorption process become critical. Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorous pesticide that is used both in agriculture and livestock production. Sorption/desorption assays of DDVP in two agricultural soils (with different textural characteristics) from Pampa Plain (Argentina) were performed in both batch and column systems. From batch studies, kinetics and sorption/desorption equilibrium parameters were estimated. Our results showed that the maxima adsorption is reached after 30 h of time of contact and followed a pseudo-first-order rate. Adsorption/desorption data were well fitted to the Freundlich model obtaining high adsorption constants of 90 mg(1-1/n) mL(1/n) g-1 and 21 mg(1-1/n) mL(1/n) g-1 for the clay loam and sandy loam soil, respectively. The isotherms were non-linear in both cases and the desorption process was unfavourable. Also, positive hysteresis was present for the sandy loam soil. From column studies, breakthrough curves were used to evaluate the mobility of DDVP in the soils at 1, 10, and 50 mg L-1 of DDVP. Eluted profiles were asymmetrical as well they presented retardation effects that were in connection with the results in batch conditions. Non-equilibrium sorption was stated for the DDVP movement through columns. Thus, high mobility was observed for DDVP in both soils despite their textural differences.

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