Pilot study on the dietary habits and lifestyles of girls with idiopathic precocious puberty from the city of Rome: potential impact of exposure to flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Tassinari ◽  
Francesca R. Mancini ◽  
Alberto Mantovani ◽  
Luca Busani ◽  
Francesca Maranghi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Italian Children

AbstractPuberty is regulated by the endocrine system, which when disrupted can affect reproductive health. Endocrine disrupters (ED) are involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are lipophilic, persistent ED used as flame retardants in several products; thus, human population is exposed through food and domestic dust. PBDE exposure during the peripubertal period is suspected to interfere with reproductive development. The study aimed to investigate PBDE serum concentration in 31 girls with ICPP as well as describe their dietary habits and lifestyles. The PBDE median level was 59 ng/g of lipids, higher than in healthy girls in comparable studies. Interestingly, elder girls and girls with higher body mass index (BMI) showed higher PBDE serum levels. Considering the relevance of altered puberty onset as a risk factor for reproductive health, studies on food contribution to PBDE exposure in Italian children, and efforts to ameliorate risk assessment for emerging chemicals are suggested.

scholarly journals The Role of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Thyroid Carcinogenesis: Is It a Weak Hypothesis or a Hidden Reality? From Facts to New Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gorini ◽  
Giorgio Iervasi ◽  
Alessio Coi ◽  
Letizia Pitto ◽  
Fabrizio Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

In the last decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased faster than that of any other malignant tumor type. The cause of thyroid cancer is likely multifactorial and a variety of both exogenous and endogenous has been identified as potential risk factors. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used since the 1970s as flame retardants, are still widespread and persistent pollutants today, although their production was definitely phased out in the western countries several years ago. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are known endocrine disruptors, and the endocrine system is their primary target. Whereas animal studies have ascertained the ability of PBDEs to affect the normal functionality of the thyroid, evidence in humans remains inconclusive, and only a few epidemiological studies investigated the association between exposure to PBDEs and thyroid cancer. However, a number of clues suggest that a prolonged exposure to these chemicals might act a trigger of the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, whereas further studies with an advanced design are suggested.

scholarly journals A review of sources, levels, and toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their transformation and transport in various environmental compartments

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Akortia ◽  
Jonathan O. Okonkwo ◽  
Mlindelwa Lupankwa ◽  
Shiloh D. Osae ◽  
Adegbenro P. Daso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of organobromine compounds that are used as flame retardants in many commonly used products. Their presence has been confirmed in various environmental matrices. Their usage in numerous consumer products has lent credence to their ability to retard flammable gas formation, hence their ubiquitous nature in the environment. PBDEs have been described as endocrine disrupting chemicals because of their interference with the endocrine system function in fish and other terrestrial animals. In spite of the progress in research over the years on PBDEs, full understanding of the environmental behaviour and fate of this contaminant is still elusive. In this review, sources by which PBDEs enter the environment have been evaluated in conjunction with their levels, as well as their toxicity, and the transformation and transport of PBDEs in various environmental compartments. This provides a better understanding of the behaviour of these emerging environmental contaminants within the environment. While acknowledging the numerous studies that have been conducted on the environmental contamination by PBDEs, emerging issues and data gaps have been identified.

scholarly journals The Flame Retardants, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Are Pregnane X Receptor Activators

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Pacyniak ◽  
X. Cheng ◽  
M. L. Cunningham ◽  
K. Crofton ◽  
C. D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Pregnane X Receptor ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

MKRN3 Levels in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty during GnRHa Treatment: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grandone ◽  
Grazia Cirillo ◽  
Marcella Sasso ◽  
Gianluca Tornese ◽  
Caterina Luongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ring Finger Protein ◽  
Finger Protein ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Puberty Onset

Background: Recently, mutations of makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) have been identified in familial central precocious puberty (CPP). Serum levels of this protein decline before the pubertal onset in healthy girls and boys and are lower in patients with CPP compared to prepubertal matched pairs. The aim of our study was to investigate longitudinal changes in circulating MKRN3 levels in patients with CPP before and during GnRH analogs (GnRHa) treatment. Methods: We performed a longitudinal prospective study. We enrolled 15 patients with CPP aged 7.2 years (range: 2–8) with age at breast development onset < 8 years and 12 control girls matched for the time from puberty onset (mean age 11.8 ± 1.2 years). Serum values of MKRN3, gonadotropins, and 17β-estradiol were evaluated before and during treatment with GnRHa (at 6 and 12 months). The MKRN3 gene was genotyped in CPP patients. In the girls from the control group, only basal levels were analyzed. Results: No MKRN3 mutations were found among CPP patients. MKRN3 levels declined significantly from baseline to 6 months of GnRHa treatment (p = 0.0007) and from 6 to 12 months of treatment (p = 0.003); MKRN3 levels at 6 months were significantly lower than in the control girls (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We showed that girls with CPP had a decline in peripheral levels of MKRN3 during GnRHa treatment. Our data suggest a suppression of MKRN3 by continuous pharmacological administration of GnRHa.

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