scholarly journals Chemical constituents and ovicidal effects of mahlab, Prunus mahaleb L. kernels oil on cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) eggs

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala M. Mead ◽  
Samah N. El-Shafiey ◽  
Hend M. Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Ovicidal Effects ◽  
Egg Shell

Abstract The carried out investigations evaluated ovicidal activity of mahlab, Prunus mahaleb L. kernel oil against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The chemical constituents of the fixed oil of mahlab were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Timnodonic (33.07%), oleic (28.71%) and linoleic (24.35%) were the basic fatty acids, while the major hydrocarbon and sterol were found to be heneicosane (62.57%) and β-sitosterol (10.57%). The LC50 values for the one-day-old egg masses were found to be more susceptible than 3-day-old ones. Moreover, the leaf dip technique occurred to be more efficient than spraying technique. The results also showed abnormalities in the external morphology of egg shell, chorion surface, shell imprints and aeropyles of S. littoralis eggs treated with mahlab and KZ oils as compared to a control by using scanning electron microscope. Generally, the tested oils significantly reduced the activities of transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatases and total soluble protein except mahlab oil on acid phosphatase as compared to a control. Additionally, the oils of both mahlab and KZ oil affected some biological aspects such as incubation period, larval duration, larval mortality and pupal weight comparing to a control.

scholarly journals Protease purification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor from Egyptian varieties of soybean seeds and its efficacy against Spodoptera littoralis

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Oukasha Abd El-latif
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Fractionation ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Abstract Serine inhibitors have been described in many plant species and are universal throughout the plant kingdom. Trypsin inhibitors are the most common type. In the present study, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the seed flour extracts of four Egyptian varieties of soybean (Glycine max). The soybean variety, Giza 22, was found to have higher trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory potential compared to other tested soybean varieties. For this reason, Giza 22 was selected for further purification studies which used ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. Soybean purified proteins showed a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to a molecular mass of 17.9 kDa. The purified inhibitor was stable at temperatures below 60°C and was active at a wide range of pH, from 2 to 12 pH. The kinetic analysis revealed a non-competitive type of inhibition against trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes. The inhibitor constant (Ki) values suggested that the inhibitor has higher affinity toward a trypsin enzyme than to a chymotrypsin enzyme. Purified inhibitor was found to have deep and negative effects on the mean larval weight, larval mortality, pupation, and mean pupal weight of Spodoptera littoralis. It may be concluded, that soybean protease inhibitor gene(s) could be potential targets for those future studies which are concerned with developing insect resistant transgenic plants

scholarly journals Toxicological, biological and biochemical effects of two nanocomposites on cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833)

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Soheir F. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Sayeda S. Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud H. Abdel Kader
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Biological Aspects

Cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833), is one of the most dangerous pests in Egypt, causing economically significant losses of different crops. The present study was aimed to evaluate toxicological, biological and biochemical effects of two nanocomposites, Silver (Ag) and graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials over magnesium chlorophillin (Mg-Chl/Ag and Mg-Chl/GO) at three concentrations (1, 10, 100 ml/L) against 2nd instar larvae of S. littoralis. The results showed that larval mortality rate was positively correlated with the increase of concentrations of the tested nanocomposites and time after exposure. The mortality rate in nanographene oxide composite were higher than nano silver. LC50 (lethal concentration of 50% of a group of test larvae) values were 10.27 and 16.14 mg/L at Mg-Chl/Ag and Mg-Chl/GO compound at 2 h exposure to light. Some biological aspects of S. littoralis resulted from the treated 2nd instars larvae with two nanocomposites were recorded. Larval, pupal durations, pupation, adult emergence rate and pupal weight were significantly lower in all concentrations compared to untreated larvae. All tested samples showed decrease in total carbohydrates, total proteins and total lipids. Obtained results suggest that using silver and graphene oxide nanomaterials over the magnesium chlorophillin would be a useful component for controlling S. littoralis.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.I. Badawy ◽  
A.F. El-Aswad
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Aphis Nerii ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Chemically Modified

As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, chitosan has received much attention as a biopolymer active against some agricultural pests. The, insecticidal activity of chitosans of four molecular weights (2.27&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10<sup>5</sup>,3.60 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>,5.97 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>,and9.47 &times; 10<sup>5 </sup>g/mol) was investigated against two species of arthropod pests: oleander aphid Aphis nerii and cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. In addition, the most active chitosan of 2.27 &times; 10<sup>5 </sup>g/mol was chemically modified with metals of Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) to give corresponding chitosan-metal complexes. Larval mortality, growth inhibition, and antifeedant activities for third instar larvae of S. littoralis were evaluated at 4 g (a.i.) chitosan/kg diet. Chitosan of 2.27 &times; 10<sup>5 </sup>g/mol and its complexes with Ni and Hg were the most active compounds. The results against A. nerii indicated that chitosans of 3.60&nbsp;&times; 10<sup>5</sup> and 5.97 &times; 10<sup>5&nbsp;</sup>g/mol showed high activity among the different molecular weights in leaf-dip bioassay after 24&nbsp;h of treatment with 48 and 49% mortalities, respectively, at 1000 mg/l. All compounds had a systemic effect against A.&nbsp;nerii. Chitosans of 2.27 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>,3.60 &times; 10<sup>5</sup>,and5.97 &times; 10<sup>5 </sup>g/mol showed the highest efficacy at all concentrations tested; however, chitosan-Cu was significantly the most active among the complexes.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on life table parameters of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Mokbel ◽  
Amal Huesien
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Preovipositional Period

Abstract Background The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), is a serious economic pest in Egypt. Pest control depends mainly on chemical control with several pesticides include conventional and modern insecticides. Comprehensive analysis of pesticides impacts needs to investigate sublethal effects in addition to lethal effect. Results In the current study, the leaf-dip bioassay method was used to evaluate emamectin benzoate (EMB) sublethal concentrations. Results showed that EMB proved high toxicity against S. littorals with LC50 value of 0.019 mg liter−1. Life table analysis showed that treatments with LC5 and LC15 prolonged larval period, mean longevity of males and females, mean generation time (T), doubling time (DT), adult preovipositional period (APOP), and total preovipositional period (TPOP) compared with control. On the contrary, net reproduction rates (R0), intrinsic rates of increase (r), finite rate (λ), fecundity, gross reproductive rate (GRR), and relative fitness were decreased compared to control. Conclusions The current study clarified that sublethal concentrations of EMB induce adverse effects and suppress the population growth of S. littorals. Our results would be useful to assess the overall effects of EMB on S. littorals and can contribute effectively in pest management.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg masses

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend O. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Cotton Leafworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Trichogrammatoidea Bactrae

Abstract Background The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed. Therefore, biological control by releasing the egg parasitoids could be the most promising tool for integrated pest management. Results This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics (number of egg layer and degree of scale density) in a no-choice and choice tests, under laboratory conditions. Also, the parasitoids’ fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults’ emergence percentage, female offspring percentage, and longevity were investigated. The results revealed that T. bactrae wasps had a great ability to parasitize S. littoralis egg masses, but with different rates, related to their layers and scales’ thickness in both tests. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on one-layer eggs, followed by two layers. However, 3-layer eggs were the least preferable one. High numbers of adult emergencies (> 80%) were observed in all tested egg masses, except in the case of 3 layers with high scales. Furthermore, female-biased sex ratios were noticed at all examined eggs, with only the exception of high-scaly eggs with a single layer that recorded the lowest rate (≤ 45%). Besides, the survival of adult female parasitoids was not significantly affected in both tests. Conclusions T. bactrae could be used as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics based on the achieved results.

scholarly journals Biological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungal isolates on certain aspects of the spiny bollworms Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mohammed Abd-ElAzeem ◽  
Warda Ahmed Zaki El-Medany ◽  
Hend Mohammed Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Earias Insulana ◽  
Dead Larva ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Constituents of Oil from Joan Seed (Trachyspermum ammi L)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S Morshed ◽  
MK Alam ◽  
A Begum ◽  
SMS Shahriar ◽  
KN Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Petroselinic Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

The paper deals with the investigation of the fatty oil of carom seed (Trachyspermum ammi) for its physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition. Oil from carom seed collected from local market was extracted with n-hexane in a glass Soxhlet apparatus. Extracted oil was dark green, burning taste, spicy in odour and soluble in n-hexane, chloroform, pet. ether and benzene. Its chemical characteristic such as acid value (6.69), Iodine value (79.39), Peroxide value (457.11), Saponification value (184.32), Unsaponified matter (9.11), Free fatty acid value as petroselinic acid (48.1) were determined by conventional method. The composition of fatty oil was determined by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). From GLC analysis the main constituents of fatty oil such as Petroselinic acid (89.35%), Oleic acid (5.86%), Linoleic acid (4.79%) were determined. For the better evaluation of these spices, it is necessary to know their complete chemical composition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14571 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 15-21 2012

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