scholarly journals Shared Agency on Gilbert and deep continuity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Advantage ◽  
Shared Agency

AbstractI compare Bratman’s theory with Gilbert’s. I draw attention to their ­similarities, query Bratman’s claim that his theory is the more parsimonious, and point to one theoretical advantage of Gilbert’s theory.

scholarly journals Students’ agency, creative reasoning, and collaboration in mathematical problem solving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kristine Solbrekke Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Shared Agency

AbstractThis paper aims to give detailed insights of interactional aspects of students’ agency, reasoning, and collaboration, in their attempt to solve a linear function problem together. Four student pairs from a Norwegian upper secondary school suggested and explained ideas, tested it out, and evaluated their solution methods. The student–student interactions were studied by characterizing students’ individual mathematical reasoning, collaborative processes, and exercised agency. In the analysis, two interaction patterns emerged from the roles in how a student engaged or refrained from engaging in the collaborative work. Students’ engagement reveals aspects of how collaborative processes and mathematical reasoning co-exist with their agencies, through two ways of interacting: bi-directional interaction and one-directional interaction. Four student pairs illuminate how different roles in their collaboration are connected to shared agency or individual agency for merging knowledge together in shared understanding. In one-directional interactions, students engaged with different agencies as a primary agent, leading the conversation, making suggestions and explanations sometimes anchored in mathematical properties, or, as a secondary agent, listening and attempting to understand ideas are expressed by a peer. A secondary agent rarely reasoned mathematically. Both students attempted to collaborate, but rarely or never disagreed. The interactional pattern in bi-directional interactions highlights a mutual attempt to collaborate where both students were the driving forces of the problem-solving process. Students acted with similar roles where both were exercising a shared agency, building the final argument together by suggesting, accepting, listening, and negotiating mathematical properties. A critical variable for such a successful interaction was the collaborative process of repairing their shared understanding and reasoning anchored in mathematical properties of linear functions.

scholarly journals The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
PATRICK FRIERSON
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Shared Agency

Abstract This paper lays out the moral theory of philosopher and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952). Based on a moral epistemology wherein moral concepts are grounded in a well-cultivated moral sense, Montessori develops a threefold account of moral life. She starts with an account of character as an ideal of individual self-perfection through concentrated attention on effortful work. She shows how respect for others grows from and supplements individual character, and she further develops a notion of social solidarity that goes beyond cooperation toward shared agency. Partly because she attends to children's ethical lives, Montessori highlights how character, respect, and solidarity all appear first as prereflective, embodied orientations of agency. Full moral virtue takes up prereflective orientations reflectively and extends them through moral concepts. Overall, Montessori's ethic improves on features similar to some in Nietzschean, Kantian, Hegelian, or Aristotelian ethical theories while situating these within a developmental and perfectionist ethics.

Behandeling van lumbale discushernia: open versus endoscopische discectomie?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SYS ◽  
A. VERVAECKE
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Endoscopic Discectomy ◽  
Theoretical Advantage ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
The Cost

Open (micro) discectomie is a routine treatment for patients with a lumbar disc hernia and incapacitating sciatica, resistant to conservative treatment. Alternatively, the full-endoscopic discectomy has been increasingly performed over the past years. While the surgical instrumentation for this approach has improved and the necessary specialized training is widely available, the technique remains challenging for the surgeon and the assumed/theoretical advantage regarding patient morbidity is still unproven. When compared to open (micro) discectomie, the existing literature fails to attribute significant decreases in length of hospital stay or complication rates to the full-endoscopic approach, therefore making the cost-benefit analysis uninteresting due to the higher associated cost. The structural lack of financing of Belgian hospitals leads to intrinsic budgetary limitations which are emphasized if the hospitals have to carry the extra costs related to endoscopic disc surgery themselves.

scholarly journals Multidimensional linear cryptanalysis with key difference invariant bias for block ciphers

Cybersecurity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqin Cao ◽  
Wentao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Complexity ◽  
Block Ciphers ◽  
Linear Cryptanalysis ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Key Recovery ◽  
Linear Approximations ◽  
Theoretical Advantage ◽  
Multidimensional Linear ◽  
Multidimensional Linear Cryptanalysis ◽  
Key Recovery Attacks

AbstractFor block ciphers, Bogdanov et al. found that there are some linear approximations satisfying that their biases are deterministically invariant under key difference. This property is called key difference invariant bias. Based on this property, Bogdanov et al. proposed a related-key statistical distinguisher and turned it into key-recovery attacks on LBlock and TWINE-128. In this paper, we propose a new related-key model by combining multidimensional linear cryptanalysis with key difference invariant bias. The main theoretical advantage is that our new model does not depend on statistical independence of linear approximations. We demonstrate our cryptanalysis technique by performing key recovery attacks on LBlock and TWINE-128. By using the relations of the involved round keys to reduce the number of guessed subkey bits. Moreover, the partial-compression technique is used to reduce the time complexity. We can recover the master key of LBlock up to 25 rounds with about 260.4 distinct known plaintexts, 278.85 time complexity and 261 bytes of memory requirements. Our attack can recover the master key of TWINE-128 up to 28 rounds with about 261.5 distinct known plaintexts, 2126.15 time complexity and 261 bytes of memory requirements. The results are the currently best ones on cryptanalysis of LBlock and TWINE-128.

scholarly journals ‘Subject’ and EPP in Greek: The discontinuous subject hypothesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Philippaki-Warburton ◽  
Vassilios Spyropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Extended Projection ◽  
Theoretical Advantage ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Definition Of

In the present study we examine the notion ‘subject’ in finite clauses in Greek, a null-subject language, and we investigate the connection between the rich morphological marking of subject-agreement on the verb and the definition of this notion. We propose that ‘subject’ in Greek should be analysed as a discontinuous element which consists of a null nominal element in the SpecTP position satisfying the Extended Projection Principle (EPP), associated with a pro at the relevant theta-position inside the VP. We argue that this analysis has not only the theoretical advantage of maintaining the universally strong value of EPP, but also, perhaps more importantly, the descriptive advantage of providing a satisfactory explanation for a number of apparent idiosyncrasies of Greek constructions.

Acute-Weight-Loss Strategies for Combat Sports and Applications to Olympic Success

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid Reale ◽  
Gary Slater ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Theoretical Advantage ◽  
Practical Recommendations

It is common for athletes in weight-category sports to try to gain a theoretical advantage by competing in weight divisions that are lower than their day-to-day body mass (BM). Weight loss is achieved not only through chronic strategies (body-fat losses) but also through acute manipulations before weigh-in (“making weight”). Both have performance implications. This review focuses on Olympic combat sports, noting that the varied nature of regulations surrounding the weigh-in procedures, weight requirements, and recovery opportunities in these sports provide opportunity for a wider discussion of factors that can be applied to other weight-category sports. The authors summarize previous literature that has examined the performance effects of weightmaking practices before investigating the physiological nature of these BM losses. Practical recommendations in the form of a decision tree are provided to guide the achievement of acute BM loss while minimizing performance decrements.

Relativism and the Metaphysics of Value: A Comment on Daan Evers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crispin Wright
Keyword(s):  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Evaluative Language ◽  
Theoretical Advantage

Abstract Daan Evers argues that relativists about aesthetic and other types of evaluative language face some distinctive and largely overlooked metaphysical difficulties concerning the nature of the states of affairs that such statements are intended to be about. These difficulties, as Evers notes, all rest on the assumption that evaluative language is representational. Evers takes it that it is only on this assumption that evaluative relativism is distinguished from expressivism. I argue that this is incorrect and that, without falling into some form of expressivism, relativists can and must drop the representational assumption, but that the resulting position is one in which relativism no longer offers any distinctive dialectical or theoretical advantage.

scholarly journals Shared Agency: Replies to Ludwig, Pacherie, Petersson, Roth, and Smith

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Bratman
Keyword(s):  
Planning Theory ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Shared Agency ◽  
Oxford University Press

AbstractThese are replies to the discussions by Kirk Ludwig, Elizabeth Pacherie, Björn Petersson, Abraham Roth, and Thomas Smith of Michael E. Bratman, Shared Agency: A Planning Theory of Acting Together (Oxford University Press, 2014).

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