scholarly journals A Comprehensive Approach to Education and Management in the System of Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumen Marinov ◽  
Stoyko Stoykov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Defense Policy ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
State Security ◽  
Sensitive Issue

Abstract This report discusses the sensitive issue of the quality of decision-making in the security system, facing inevitable transition towards greater professionalism and technological maturity. While applying the basic principle of situational analysis in terms of „environmental scanning”, realized through a process of „breaking down” of the environment into certain factors, and gleaning information about their interplay in the direction of their impact, the authors elaborate on the formulation and the applicability of a novel, science-based, long-term state security and defense policy as well as a pertinent strategy for its implementation

scholarly journals Investment analysis of plum brandy production – methodology approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Lari Hadelan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Plum Brandy

The major prerequisite of successful entrepreneurship venture is quality of decision-making process. Decision in investment is the most important financial decision. It is a part of both long-term business planning process and strategic business definition. Using available investment appraisal methods, entrepreneur should make positive or negative investment decision. Within the development of the economic theory and the practice many of methods made decision-making process rational and gave the scientific and practical base for successful project evaluation.

Development of the Urban Environment Based on the Optimization of Management Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
V. M. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
High Level

The presented study identifies approaches to decision-making aimed at the optimal development of the urban environment.Aim. The study aims to develop proposals for improving methodological approaches aimed at the development of the urban environment and for using these approaches in the preparation of the corresponding management decisions.Tasks. The author assesses the problem of urbanization and shows how it affects the need to modernize the urban environment; formulates the principles of optimization of management decision-making aimed at the development of the urban environment; evaluates the possibility of the practical implementation of these principles (through the example of the federal city of St. Petersburg).Methods. This study uses strategic analysis, systems and case-based approach, comparative and retrospective analysis.Results. The practical aspects of designing the processes and approaches to urban environment management are examined. The efficiency of management is shown to depend largely on the optimization of management decisions that could improve the effectiveness of individual services aimed at the formation and development of a modern urban environment in the long term. The study describes the successful experience of St. Petersburg in developing the complex of urban environment management services.Conclusions. Improving urban environment management is an important aspect of increasing the population’s quality of life. As evidenced by St. Petersburg’s experience, to achieve a high level of comfort in the urban environment it is necessary to actively use the principles of consistency, innovation, and public participation in decision-making. The author recommends normative consolidation of these principles and their more active practical application in the management of Russian cities.

La ciencia de la decisión

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Blanco-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Rational Process ◽  
Made In

People and activities,they carry out in daily life are subject to constant decision-making, the consequences of which are largely uncertain. This decision-making involves a rational process that is based on the quantity and quality of the information, the processing capacity and the use of the rationality of people, which allows facing scenarios in the short, medium and long term. In the current context, the difficulties in the development of this process are greater, due to the abundance of data, the doubt of its veracity and the speed of exchange, so that scenarios of chaos and uncertainty are generated. Under this dynamic, forecasting and prediction can be less effective, offer less certainty about the result and, at the same time, produce biases in the information. These predictive problems are observable, for example, in the estimation of economic growth, human behavior, stock markets, natural phenomena, conflicts, migration, the spread of diseases, geopolitics, negotiations, among others. These difficulties are caused, in large part, by the techniques or tools used for data processing and by the processing capacity of the information systems, which have limitations for the combination of different types of information. In this sense, the scientific community has endeavored to propose new methods and develop better techniques that allow capturing and processing the greatest amount of useful information in the decision-making process. This is known as decision science; a broad and transversal term to a large number of areas andfields of study, ranging from the human and social sciences to the pure sciences. Thus, this paper will focus on those areas that are dedicated to proposing methods and techniques that allow improvements and applications to be made in the aggregation and treatment of data for decision-making.

scholarly journals Treatment Decision Regret Among Long-Term Survivors of Localized Prostate Cancer: Results From the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (20) ◽  
pp. 2306-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoffman ◽  
Mary Lo ◽  
Jack A. Clark ◽  
Peter C. Albertsen ◽  
Michael J. Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Decision Regret ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Purpose To determine the demographic, clinical, decision-making, and quality-of-life factors that are associated with treatment decision regret among long-term survivors of localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods We evaluated men who were age ≤ 75 years when diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between October 1994 and October 1995 in one of six SEER tumor registries and who completed a 15-year follow-up survey. The survey obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data and measured treatment decision regret, informed decision making, general- and disease-specific quality of life, health worry, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concern, and outlook on life. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with regret. Results We surveyed 934 participants, 69.3% of known survivors. Among the cohort, 59.1% had low-risk tumor characteristics (PSA < 10 ng/mL and Gleason score < 7), and 89.2% underwent active treatment. Overall, 14.6% expressed treatment decision regret: 8.2% of those whose disease was managed conservatively, 15.0% of those who received surgery, and 16.6% of those who underwent radiotherapy. Factors associated with regret on multivariable analysis included reporting moderate or big sexual function bother (reported by 39.0%; OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.51 to 5.0), moderate or big bowel function bother (reported by 7.7%; OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.15), and PSA concern (mean score 52.8; OR, 1.01 per point change; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02). Increasing age at diagnosis and report of having made an informed treatment decision were inversely associated with regret. Conclusion Regret was a relatively infrequently reported outcome among long-term survivors of localized prostate cancer; however, our results suggest that better informing men about treatment options, in particular, conservative treatment, might help mitigate long-term regret. These findings are timely for men with low-risk cancers who are being encouraged to consider active surveillance.

Health-Related Quality of Life Measurement in Randomized Clinical Trials in Surgical Oncology

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3178-3186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Blazeby ◽  
Kerry Avery ◽  
Mirjam Sprangers ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Peter Fayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Surgical Trials ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Purpose There is debate about the value of measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) in clinical trials in oncology because of evidence suggesting that HRQL does not influence clinical decisions. Analysis of HRQL in surgical trials, however, may inform decision making because it provides detailed assessment of the immediate detrimental short-term impact of surgery on HRQL that needs to be considered against the long-term survival benefits and functional outcomes of surgery. This study evaluated whether HRQL in randomized trials in surgical oncology contributes to clinical decision making. Methods A systematic review identified randomized trials in surgical oncology with HRQL. Trials were evaluated independently by two reviewers and the value of HRQL in clinical decision making was categorized in three ways: whether trial investigators reported that HRQL influenced final treatment recommendations, whether trial investigators reported that HRQL would be useful for informed consent, and whether HRQL was assessed robustly according to predefined criteria. Results Thirty-three randomized trials with valid HRQL questionnaires were identified; 22 (67%) concluded that HRQL outcomes influenced treatment decisions or provided valuable data for informed consent, and seven of these trials had robust HRQL design. Another five trials had robust HRQL design but investigators reported that HRQL outcomes were not clinically important enough to influence treatment recommendations. Conclusion In surgical trials in oncology, HRQL informed clinical decision making. It is recommended that HRQL be included in relevant surgical trials, and that information be used to inform clinicians and patients about the impact of surgery on short- and long-term HRQL.

The Quality of Survival (QoS): A concept framework to assist communication and decision making about cancer care.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Lesley Fallowfield ◽  
Eric Nadler ◽  
Maire Greaney ◽  
Adam Gater ◽  
Milayna Subar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Concept Map ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Concept Framework

78 Background: The past decade has seen the development of transitional, novel cancer therapies that lengthen survival, yet data regarding the quality of that survival are limited or unavailable. Improving patient (pt)/healthcare professional (HCP) communication about issues such as QoS might enhance engagement and inform decision-making about future care. For example, the PROACT study (ECC 2015, abs.1715) has shown how little attention is given to family caregiver impact. Our objective is to develop an inclusive framework that will go beyond existing pt-reported outcomes and quality of life (QoL) constructs, and which HCPs may use to communicate with pts. Methods: An electronic database search to investigate the QoS landscape in cancer was conducted and results were articulated into a visual concept map. Subsequently, 20 US pts with metastatic NSCLC were interviewed about their cancer experiences (a similar melanoma pt survey is ongoing) and this input was integrated into the concept map. Areas explored include: symptoms, disease/treatment communication and education, pt expectations about treatment goals and involvement in decision-making, and impacts of all these on pts, families, and friends. Results: In their interviews, pts reported a host of impacts: physical, psychological/emotional, social/relationship, work, and financial. A QoS concept framework was developed to capture the holistic pt experience throughout the continuum of cancer care (during and post treatment) and consisted of 4 interconnected domains: QoL, survival, side effects and economic impact. The severity and persistence of some of the impacts ultimately affect survival, while others affect the ability to preserve or return to normality. Conclusions: While pt experiences are usually discussed and monitored by HCPs, issues identified as most important to pts and families and their variability over time, are rarely assessed formally during survival. These findings support the development of a pt-centric concept map that defines QoS, provides a comprehensive framework for improving communication between pts and their care teams about long-term QoS in cancer, and potentially enables better treatment decisions.

Using Narratives to Correct Forecasting Errors in Pediatric Tracheostomy Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2199069
Author(s):  
Haoyang Yan ◽  
Patricia J. Deldin ◽  
Stephanie K. Kukora ◽  
Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren ◽  
Kenneth Pituch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Comfort Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Forecasting Errors

Purpose Parents who face goals-of-care tracheostomy decisions may lack an understanding of challenges affecting their child’s and family’s long-term quality of life (QOL) to accurately forecast possible outcomes for decision making. We sought to examine whether and how parents’ narratives of the child’s and family’s long-term QOL influence parental tracheostomy decisions and forecasting. Method We recruited US adult Amazon Mechanical Turk participants ( N = 1966) who self-reported having a child (<6 y old) or planning a pregnancy within 5 y. Participants read a vignette about making a tracheostomy decision for their hypothetical neurologically impaired baby. They were randomized to 1 of the following 4 conditions: 1) Baby QOL narratives, 2) Family QOL narratives, 3) Baby QOL + Family QOL narratives, and 4) control: no narratives. They then made a decision about whether or not to pursue tracheostomy, forecasted their concerns about the baby’s and family’s QOL, reported their values and social norm beliefs about tracheostomy, comfort care, and parental medical decision making, and completed individual differences scales and demographics. Results Controlling for individual characteristics, participants in the Baby QOL and Baby QOL + Family QOL conditions were less likely to choose tracheostomy as compared with the control (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38 and 0.25, respectively, P < 0.001). Fewer participants in the Family QOL condition chose tracheostomy compared with the control, but this difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0.70, P = 0.11). Moreover, narratives increased pessimistic forecasting, which was associated with less interest in tracheostomy. Conclusion Narratives clarifying long-term implications of pursuing tracheostomy have the potential to influence forecasting and decisions. Narrative-based interventions may be valuable in other situations in which forecasting errors are common.

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