La ciencia de la decisión

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Blanco-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Rational Process ◽  
Made In

People and activities,they carry out in daily life are subject to constant decision-making, the consequences of which are largely uncertain. This decision-making involves a rational process that is based on the quantity and quality of the information, the processing capacity and the use of the rationality of people, which allows facing scenarios in the short, medium and long term. In the current context, the difficulties in the development of this process are greater, due to the abundance of data, the doubt of its veracity and the speed of exchange, so that scenarios of chaos and uncertainty are generated. Under this dynamic, forecasting and prediction can be less effective, offer less certainty about the result and, at the same time, produce biases in the information. These predictive problems are observable, for example, in the estimation of economic growth, human behavior, stock markets, natural phenomena, conflicts, migration, the spread of diseases, geopolitics, negotiations, among others. These difficulties are caused, in large part, by the techniques or tools used for data processing and by the processing capacity of the information systems, which have limitations for the combination of different types of information. In this sense, the scientific community has endeavored to propose new methods and develop better techniques that allow capturing and processing the greatest amount of useful information in the decision-making process. This is known as decision science; a broad and transversal term to a large number of areas andfields of study, ranging from the human and social sciences to the pure sciences. Thus, this paper will focus on those areas that are dedicated to proposing methods and techniques that allow improvements and applications to be made in the aggregation and treatment of data for decision-making.

scholarly journals SUPERVISION

Al-Risalah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Rohimah Rohimah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
First Line ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Organization Quality ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Made In

The movement (leading) of action make appoint group members trying to achieve the goals in accordance with the business organization. “Leading is defined as motivating, directing and otherwise on influencing people to work hard to achieve the organization’s gools”. Institutions as well educational institusionas as oriented to the quality is focused on two customers that customers internal and external. The realize quality of institution or organization according Juran focused on tree activities are Planning, supervision and repairing known as trilogy Juran while Feiganbaum see activities organization quality can be seen fromthe improvement of management continuous improvement employees, leadership, and supervision in first-line, and supervison quality. This can be seen from the activities of leadership in guiding, communicate and decision making in accordance with the work will be made. In this case the most important is how leaders can inform duties and steps of work to do all member organizations to achieve the goal.

scholarly journals Investment analysis of plum brandy production – methodology approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Lari Hadelan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Plum Brandy

The major prerequisite of successful entrepreneurship venture is quality of decision-making process. Decision in investment is the most important financial decision. It is a part of both long-term business planning process and strategic business definition. Using available investment appraisal methods, entrepreneur should make positive or negative investment decision. Within the development of the economic theory and the practice many of methods made decision-making process rational and gave the scientific and practical base for successful project evaluation.

scholarly journals Late Effects and Survivorship Issues in Patients with Neuroblastoma

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Friedman ◽  
Tara Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Late Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excess Morbidity ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Impaired Quality ◽  
Made In

Over the past two decades, marked progress has been made in understanding the biology of neuroblastoma; this has led to refined risk stratification and treatment modifications with resultant increasing 5-year survival rates for children with neuroblastoma. Survivors, however, remain at risk for a wide variety of potential treatment-related complications, or “late effects”, which may lead to excess morbidity and premature mortality in this cohort. This review summarizes the existing survivorship literature on long-term health outcomes for survivors of neuroblastoma, focusing specifically on potential injury to the endocrine, sensory, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems, as well as survivors’ treatment-related risk for subsequent neoplasms and impaired quality of life. Additional work is needed to assess the potential late effects of newer multimodality therapies with the aim of optimizing long-term medical and psychosocial outcomes for all survivors of neuroblastoma.

Diagnostic conversations: Clinical Decision Making in surgery – Part 2

Diagnosis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allan Watters ◽  
Spencer Wynyard Beasley ◽  
Wendy Crebbin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Clinical Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Royal Australasian College ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

AbstractProceduralists who fail to review their decision making are unlikely to learn from their experiences, irrespective of whether the operative outcome is successful or not. Teaching junior surgeons to develop ‘insight’ into their own decision making has long been a challenge. Surgeons and staff of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons worked together to develop a model to help explain the processes around clinical decision making and incorporated this model into a Clinical Decision Making (CDM) training course. In this course, faculty apply the model to specific surgical cases, within the model’s framework of how clinical decisions are made; thus providing an opportunity to identify specific decision making processes as they occur and to highlight some of the learning opportunities they provide. The conversation in this paper illustrates the kinds of case-based interactions which typically occur in the development and teaching of the CDM course.The focus in this, the second of two papers, is on reviewing post-operative clinical decisions made in relation to one case, to improve the quality of subsequent decision making.

scholarly journals Social Impact of Sustainable Ecotourism: Cases from Turkey

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Sungur
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
The World ◽  
Recreation Experience ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Made In

The concept of sustainability began to dominate tourism debates after the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio in 1992. Ecotourism is the fastest growing sector, with an estimated growth rate of 25 to 30 percent, of one of the largest industries in the world. The motto of Action Program for Sustainable Development was that “Only whatever can be sustained by nature and society in the long term permissible.” The World Conservation Union expanded this definition as follows: “Ecotourism is environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations.” There are two major problems with respect to ecotourism: achieving ecologic integrity of the ecotourism resource and, increasing and ensuring consistency of quality of the recreation experience for the ecotourist. Economic, environmental and social impacts involved in ecotourism should be balanced within ethical principles. The first official reference to the concept of ecotourism in Turkey was made in the Eighth Five-Year Development Plan (2001-2005). The aim of this study is to explore social impacts of ecotourism in Turkey. Some projects and surveys related with ecotourism will be considered in order to get better understanding of social impacts of ecotourism on the lives of local people in Turkey.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Budget Expenditure Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
K.L. Astapov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Musaev ◽  
A.A. Malakhov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Floating Exchange Rates ◽  
Flexible Mechanisms ◽  
Made In ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The article discusses opportunities for improving fiscal policy in order to ensure macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth of the Russian economy. Budget expenditures have several key macroeconomic goals, the quality of which determines the effectiveness of budget spending policies. The authors developed a methodology that allows evaluating changes in the efficiency of budget expenditures based on a set of indicators. The estimates are based on the Russian Federation as the example, with special attention paid to the implementation of a balanced budget policy over the past decade. In Russia, significant progress has been made in ensuring macroeconomic stability through the introduction of flexible mechanisms for macroeconomic regulation (budget rules and floating exchange rates). However, when planning budget expenditures, additional attention should be paid to ensuring long-term economic growth and inclusive development, the structure of expenditures adjusted in accordance with these priorities. In the final part of the article, we consider changes in budget policy that have become a response to the crisis situation caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It is concluded that an increase in public debt may be appropriate in the current economic conditions in the event of a qualitative improvement in the budget spending policy.

Development of the Urban Environment Based on the Optimization of Management Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-327
Author(s):  
V. M. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
High Level

The presented study identifies approaches to decision-making aimed at the optimal development of the urban environment.Aim. The study aims to develop proposals for improving methodological approaches aimed at the development of the urban environment and for using these approaches in the preparation of the corresponding management decisions.Tasks. The author assesses the problem of urbanization and shows how it affects the need to modernize the urban environment; formulates the principles of optimization of management decision-making aimed at the development of the urban environment; evaluates the possibility of the practical implementation of these principles (through the example of the federal city of St. Petersburg).Methods. This study uses strategic analysis, systems and case-based approach, comparative and retrospective analysis.Results. The practical aspects of designing the processes and approaches to urban environment management are examined. The efficiency of management is shown to depend largely on the optimization of management decisions that could improve the effectiveness of individual services aimed at the formation and development of a modern urban environment in the long term. The study describes the successful experience of St. Petersburg in developing the complex of urban environment management services.Conclusions. Improving urban environment management is an important aspect of increasing the population’s quality of life. As evidenced by St. Petersburg’s experience, to achieve a high level of comfort in the urban environment it is necessary to actively use the principles of consistency, innovation, and public participation in decision-making. The author recommends normative consolidation of these principles and their more active practical application in the management of Russian cities.

scholarly journals Treatment Decision Regret Among Long-Term Survivors of Localized Prostate Cancer: Results From the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (20) ◽  
pp. 2306-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hoffman ◽  
Mary Lo ◽  
Jack A. Clark ◽  
Peter C. Albertsen ◽  
Michael J. Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Decision Regret ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Purpose To determine the demographic, clinical, decision-making, and quality-of-life factors that are associated with treatment decision regret among long-term survivors of localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods We evaluated men who were age ≤ 75 years when diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between October 1994 and October 1995 in one of six SEER tumor registries and who completed a 15-year follow-up survey. The survey obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data and measured treatment decision regret, informed decision making, general- and disease-specific quality of life, health worry, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concern, and outlook on life. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with regret. Results We surveyed 934 participants, 69.3% of known survivors. Among the cohort, 59.1% had low-risk tumor characteristics (PSA < 10 ng/mL and Gleason score < 7), and 89.2% underwent active treatment. Overall, 14.6% expressed treatment decision regret: 8.2% of those whose disease was managed conservatively, 15.0% of those who received surgery, and 16.6% of those who underwent radiotherapy. Factors associated with regret on multivariable analysis included reporting moderate or big sexual function bother (reported by 39.0%; OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.51 to 5.0), moderate or big bowel function bother (reported by 7.7%; OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.15), and PSA concern (mean score 52.8; OR, 1.01 per point change; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02). Increasing age at diagnosis and report of having made an informed treatment decision were inversely associated with regret. Conclusion Regret was a relatively infrequently reported outcome among long-term survivors of localized prostate cancer; however, our results suggest that better informing men about treatment options, in particular, conservative treatment, might help mitigate long-term regret. These findings are timely for men with low-risk cancers who are being encouraged to consider active surveillance.

Health-Related Quality of Life Measurement in Randomized Clinical Trials in Surgical Oncology

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3178-3186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Blazeby ◽  
Kerry Avery ◽  
Mirjam Sprangers ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Peter Fayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Surgical Trials ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Purpose There is debate about the value of measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) in clinical trials in oncology because of evidence suggesting that HRQL does not influence clinical decisions. Analysis of HRQL in surgical trials, however, may inform decision making because it provides detailed assessment of the immediate detrimental short-term impact of surgery on HRQL that needs to be considered against the long-term survival benefits and functional outcomes of surgery. This study evaluated whether HRQL in randomized trials in surgical oncology contributes to clinical decision making. Methods A systematic review identified randomized trials in surgical oncology with HRQL. Trials were evaluated independently by two reviewers and the value of HRQL in clinical decision making was categorized in three ways: whether trial investigators reported that HRQL influenced final treatment recommendations, whether trial investigators reported that HRQL would be useful for informed consent, and whether HRQL was assessed robustly according to predefined criteria. Results Thirty-three randomized trials with valid HRQL questionnaires were identified; 22 (67%) concluded that HRQL outcomes influenced treatment decisions or provided valuable data for informed consent, and seven of these trials had robust HRQL design. Another five trials had robust HRQL design but investigators reported that HRQL outcomes were not clinically important enough to influence treatment recommendations. Conclusion In surgical trials in oncology, HRQL informed clinical decision making. It is recommended that HRQL be included in relevant surgical trials, and that information be used to inform clinicians and patients about the impact of surgery on short- and long-term HRQL.

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