The numbers, seasonal distribution patterns, densities and biomass of the large herbivores, Benoue National Park, Cameroon

Mammalia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. STARK
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Large Herbivores

scholarly journals Assessing Distribution Patterns and the Relative Abundance of Reintroduced Large Herbivores in the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Dionísio Virgílio Roque ◽  
Thomas Göttert ◽  
Valério António Macandza ◽  
Ulrich Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
National Park ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Abundance Index

This study is the first systematic assessment of large herbivore (LH) communities in Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique, an area where most LH species were extinct until the early 2000s. We investigate whether LH community parameters are linked with the availability of habitat types or the distance between sampling sites and the origin of LH resettlement. We placed camera traps in five habitat types in resettled and not-resettled areas to compare species richness, relative abundance index, grazers–browsers–mixed feeder ratio and naïve occupancy of 15 LH species. While the richness decreased along the distance gradient of LH resettlement, relative abundance index strongly responded to habitat features. Among habitat types, the browsers ratio oscillated, while from resettled to not-resettled areas, the ratio increased. Most species showed a wider distribution range among habitat types. The associations of most LH community parameters with habitat types rather than distance to initial release, together with the species-specific and guild-specific response patterns of LH, suggest LNP to already be in an intermediate stage of restoration. Our results highlight the importance of post-release monitoring of reintroduced wildlife as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration initiatives in transboundary conservation areas.

scholarly journals An update on the distribution of Glossina (tsetse flies) at the wildlife-human-livestock interface of Akagera National Park, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Gashururu ◽  
Samuel M. Githigia ◽  
Methode N. Gasana ◽  
Richard Habimana ◽  
Ndichu Maingi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Biconical Traps

Abstract Background Glossina (tsetse flies) biologically transmit trypanosomes that infect both humans and animals. Knowledge of their distribution patterns is a key element to better understand the transmission dynamics of trypanosomosis. Tsetse distribution in Rwanda has not been well enough documented, and little is known on their current distribution. This study determined the current spatial distribution, abundance, diversity, and seasonal variations of tsetse flies in and around the Akagera National Park. Methods A longitudinal stratified sampling following the seasons was used. Biconical traps were deployed in 55 sites for 6 consecutive days of each study month from May 2018 to June 2019 and emptied every 48 h. Flies were identified using FAO keys, and the number of flies per trap day (FTD) was used to determine the apparent density. Pearson chi-square (χ2) and parametrical tests (t-test and ANOVA) were used to determine the variations between the variables. The significance (p < 0.05) at 95% confidence interval was considered. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between tsetse occurrence and the associated predictors. Results A total of 39,516 tsetse flies were collected, of which 73.4 and 26.6% were from inside Akagera NP and the interface area, respectively. Female flies accounted for 61.3 while 38.7% were males. Two species were identified, i.e. G. pallidipes [n = 29,121, 7.4 flies/trap/day (FTD)] and G. morsitans centralis (n = 10,395; 2.6 FTD). The statistical difference in numbers was significant between the two species (p = 0.000). The flies were more abundant during the wet season (15.8 FTD) than the dry season (4.2 FTD). Large numbers of flies were trapped around the swamp areas (69.1 FTD) inside the park and in Nyagatare District (11.2 FTD) at the interface. Glossina morsitans was 0.218 times less likely to occur outside the park. The chance of co-existing between the two species reduced outside the protected area (0.021 times). Conclusions The occurrence of Glossina seems to be limited to the protected Akagera NP and a narrow band of its surrounding areas. This finding will be crucial to design appropriate control strategies. Glossina pallidipes was found in higher numbers and therefore is conceivably the most important vector of trypanosomosis. Regional coordinated control and regular monitoring of Glossina distribution are recommended. Graphic Abstract

Distribution of Biomass, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Other Nutrients in Banksia marginata and B. ornata Shoots of Different Ages After Fire.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Groves ◽  
PJ Hocking ◽  
A Mcmahon
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The heathland form of Banksia marginata Cav. regenerates rarely from seed but commonly by resprout- ing from buds on lateral roots, whereas Banksia ornata F. Muell. regenerates only from seed, usually released after fire. The two species co-occur in heath vegetation on nutrient-poor soils in south-eastern South Australia and western Victoria. Shoots were sampled from stands of B. marginata aged from 1 to 25 years and of B. ornata aged from 1 to 50+ years after fire in the Little Desert National Park, western Victoria. B. marginata, the resprouter, distributed a greater proportion of the total shoot dry matter and content of all nutrients to vegetative growth over its shorter life span than B. ornata, the non-sprouter. About 50% of the total phosphorus in B. ornata shoots at 50+ years was present in cones (including seeds) compared with only about 20% in B. marginata shoots at a comparable stage of senescence (25 years). This difference between the species was also true to a lesser degree for nitrogen. There were considerable differences between other nutrients in their distribution patterns in shoots. Nutrients could be grouped together on the basis of distribution in shoots more satisfactorily than on presumed physio- logical roles. Stems were major sites of nutrient accumulation in both species. The content of a particular nutrient in seeds as a proportion of the content in the living parts of the shoot ranged from 0.03% (Na, Mn) to 2.0% (P) in B. marginata, and from 0.3% (Na) to as high as 31% (P) in B. ornata. Concen- trations of all nutrients except sodium were much higher in seeds than in the woody cones or vegetative organs of both species; seeds of B. ornata were particularly rich in calcium and manganese. We conclude that the different patterns of distribution of biomass and nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, within shoots of the two species reflect their different regenerative modes after fire. Introduction Phosphorus and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen limit the growth of sclerophyllous shrubs on nutrient-poor soils in southern Australia

scholarly journals Characteristics of General Soils, Natural Saltlicks and Artificial Saltlicks for Wild Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus) Conservation in the Western Forests of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattanawat Chaiyarat ◽  
Salisa Kanthachompoo ◽  
Nikorn Thongthip ◽  
Monthira Yuttitham
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Keystone Resource

Abstract Saltlicks are a keystone resource of wildlife. This study aimed to compare the characteristics among general soil, natural saltlicks and artificial saltlicks in the natural forest of Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) and restoration habitat for elephant (Elephas maximus) in Kui Buri National Park (KNP), western Thailand. Twenty general soils, 33 natural and 35 artificial saltlicks were analyzed. The chemical compositions in natural saltlicks were not consistent. The K, Mg, Fe and Cu in natural saltlicks were higher than artificial saltlicks in both areas. The Ca and Zn in artificial saltlicks in SES were higher than natural saltlicks of KNP. The salinity in artificial saltlicks was highest and higher than in natural saltlicks in both areas and can provide supplemental Na, thereby increasing salinity in both areas. The artificial saltlicks cannot provide Ca, K, Mg, Fe and Cu when compared to natural saltlicks that can provide a primary target for elephants at these sites. The findings have consequences for conservation of elephants and other large herbivores by supplementing essential macro- and micro-nutrients in artificial saltlicks. The key resources can provide information to help maintain the wildlife health and fecundity of the region.

Habitat filtering of six coexisting Heliconia species in a lowland tropical rain forest in Amazonian Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Tokarz ◽  
Pablo Álvia ◽  
Renato Valencia ◽  
Simon A. Queenborough
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Filtering ◽  
Yasuni National Park ◽  
Amazonian Ecuador ◽  
Amazonian Rain Forest ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Occurrence Pattern

AbstractHerbaceous plants are often under-studied in tropical forests, despite their high density and diversity, and little is known about the factors that influence their distribution at microscales. In a 25-ha plot in lowland Amazonian rain forest in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador, we censused six species of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) in a stratified random manner across three topographic habitat types. We observed distribution patterns consistent with habitat filtering. Overall, more individuals occurred in the valley (N = 979) and slope (N = 847) compared with the ridge (N = 571) habitat. At the species level, Heliconia stricta (N = 1135), H. spathocircinata (N = 309) and H. ortotricha (N = 36) all had higher abundance in the valley and slope than ridge. Further, H. vellerigera (N = 20) was completely absent from the ridge. Conversely, H. velutina (N = 903) was most common in the drier ridge habitat. The two most common species (H. stricta and H. velutina) had a reciprocal or negative co-occurrence pattern and occurred preferentially in valley versus ridge habitats. These results suggest that taxa within this family have different adaptations to the wetter valley versus the drier ridge and that habitat partitioning contributes to coexistence.

scholarly journals Vegetation description of the Doornhoek section of the Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP), South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Bezuidenhout ◽  
Leslie R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Acacia Karroo ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Floristic Data ◽  
Sound Management

The Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) has been extended over the last couple of years. One of the newly procured areas is the Doornhoek section, which had been adjacent to the park. To develop scientifically sound management programmes for conservation areas, it is essential that an inventory of their natural resources be undertaken. The aim of this study was to classify, describe and map the vegetation of the Doornhoek section of the park. The floristic data were analysed in accordance with the Braun-Blanquet procedures using the BBPC suite. The data analysis resulted in the identification of eight communities, which can be grouped into seven major community types (Rhus lucida–Buddleja glomerata Shrubland, Rhigozum obovatum–Rhus longispina Shrubland, Helichrysum dregeanum–Aristida diffusa Grassland, Pentzia globosa–Enneapogon scoparius Grassland, Aristida adscensionus–Pentzia globosa Grassland, Cadaba aphylla–Acacia karroo Woodland and Lycium oxycarpum–Acacia karroo Woodland). Four of these communities occur on the higher-lying plateau, mid-slope and crest areas, while the other four communities are located on the lower-lying mid-plateau and foot slope, along drainage lines and in valley-bottom areas. The description of the plant communities, together with the vegetation map, can serve as a basis for formulating a management programme for the larger park. Although sections of Doornhoek have been overgrazed and degraded in the past, its recent addition to the MZNP contributes to the available habitat preferred by large herbivores, such as valley bottoms, foot-slopes and plateaux.

Analysis of Seasonal Distribution Patterns of Young Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) by Use of Frequency-of-Capture Data

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2427-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Van Den Avyle
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
And Migration ◽  
One Year

Frequency-of-capture data indicated that behavioral patterns of tagged age II largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) influenced catchability with shoreline electrofishing so that midsummer population estimates were too low. The population separated into offshore and shoreline groups during the summer, and there is evidence of persistence in habitat preference from one year to the next.Tests of catchability were based on the agreement between observed frequencies of capture and those predicted from a bivariate model that allowed mortality and migration during the study. Though frequency-of-capture data have been widely utilized in studies of terrestrial animal populations, this information has been generally ignored by fishery biologists.

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