The Activity of Cell-Wall Modifying β-1,3-Glucanases in Soybean Grown in Presence of Heavy Metals

AbstractCell walls represent the first barrier that can prevent the entrance of toxic heavy metals into plants. The composition and the flexibility of the cell wall are regulated by different enzymes. The ß-1,3-glucanases control the degradation of the polysaccharide callose as a flexible regulation mechanism of cell wall permeability and/or its ability to bind metals under stress conditions. The profile and activity of ß-1,3-glucanases in the presence of heavy metals, however, has rarely been studied. Here we studied these enzymes in four soybean varieties (Glycine max) grown in the presence of cadmium ions. These analyses revealed three acidic and one basic enzyme isoforms in each soybean variety, but only two of the acidic isoforms in the variety Moravians were substantially responsive to the presence of Cd2+. Since the responses of certain glucanases were detected mainly in the varieties sensitive to metal and accumulating high amounts of metals, we assume their role in the defense rather than strategic metal sequestration.

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The influence of heavy metals on the production of extracellular polymer substances in the processes of heavy metal ions elimination

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0689 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (10-11) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Mikes ◽

M. Siglova ◽

A. Cejkova ◽

J. Masak ◽

V. Jirku

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽

Low Cost ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Metal Interactions

Wastewaters from a chemical industry polluted by heavy metal ions represent a hazard for all living organisms. It can mean danger for ecosystems and human health. New methods are sought alternative to traditional chemical and physical processes. Active elimination process of heavy metals ions provided by living cells, their components and extracellular products represents a potential way of separating toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. While the abilities of bacteria to remove metal ions in solution are extensively used, fungi have been recognized as a promising kind of low-cost adsorbents for removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous waste sources. Yeasts and fungi differ from each other in their constitution and in their abilities to produce variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with different mechanisms of metal interactions. The accumulation of Cd(2+), Cr(6+), Pb(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) by yeasts and their EPS was screened at twelve different yeast species in microcultivation system Bioscreen C and in the shaking Erlenmayer's flasks. This results were compared with the production of yeast EPS and the composition of yeast cell walls. The EPS production was measured during the yeast growth and cell wall composition was studied during the cultivations in the shaking flasks. At the end of the process extracellular polymers and their chemical composition were isolated and amount of bound heavy metals was characterized. The variable composition and the amount of the EPS were found at various yeast strains. It was influenced by various compositions of growth medium and also by various concentrations of heavy metals. It is evident, that the amount of bound heavy metals was different. The work reviews the possibilities of usage of various yeast EPS and components of cell walls in the elimination processes of heavy metal ions. Further the structure and properties of yeasts cell wall and EPS were discussed. The finding of mechanisms mentioned above is necessary to identify the functional groups entered in the metals elimination processes.

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Cell Wall Permeability of Pinto Bean Cotyledon Cells Regulates In Vitro Fecal Fermentation and Gut Microbiota

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00488c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanrong Huang ◽

Sushil Dhital ◽

Feitong Liu ◽

Xiong Fu ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

Pinto Bean ◽

Wall Permeability ◽

Cell Wall Permeability ◽

Cotyledon Cells ◽

Whole Foods

Processing induced structural changes of whole foods on regulation of colonic fermentation rate and microbiota composition are least understood and often overlooked. In the present study, intact cotyledon cells from...

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The Relationship Between Activity and Cell-wall Permeability in Dried Baker's Yeast

Journal of General Microbiology ◽

10.1099/00221287-25-1-87 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. I. K. EBBUTT

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Baker’S Yeast ◽

Baker's Yeast ◽

Wall Permeability ◽

Cell Wall Permeability ◽

The Relationship

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Carbon Source-Induced Modifications in the Mycolic Acid Content and Cell Wall Permeability of Rhodococcus erythropolis E1

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.12.7019-7027.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 7019-7027 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Ivana Sokolovská ◽

Raoul Rozenberg ◽

Christophe Riez ◽

Paul G. Rouxhet ◽

Spiros N. Agathos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Acid Content ◽

Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽

Mycolic Acid ◽

Mycolic Acids ◽

Carbon Chains ◽

Linear Alkanes ◽

Wall Permeability ◽

Cell Wall Permeability

ABSTRACT The influence of the carbon source on cell wall properties was analyzed in an efficient alkane-degrading strain of Rhodococcus erythropolis (strain E1), with particular focus on the mycolic acid content. A clear correlation was observed between the carbon source and the mycolic acid profiles as estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Two types of mycolic acid patterns were observed after growth either on saturated linear alkanes or on short-chain alkanoates. One type of pattern was characterized by the lack of odd-numbered carbon chains and resulted from growth on linear alkanes with even numbers of carbon atoms. The second type of pattern was characterized by mycolic acids with both even- and odd-numbered carbon chains and resulted from growth on compounds with odd-numbered carbon chains, on branched alkanes, or on mixtures of different compounds. Cellular short-chain fatty acids were twice as abundant during growth on a branched alkane (pristane) as during growth on acetate, while equal amounts of mycolic acids were found under both conditions. More hydrocarbon-like compounds and less polysaccharide were exposed at the cell wall surface during growth on alkanes. Whatever the substrate, the cells had the same affinity for aqueous-nonaqueous solvent interfaces. By contrast, bacteria displayed completely opposite susceptibilities to hydrophilic and hydrophobic antibiotics and were found to be strongly stained by hydrophobic dyes after growth on pristane but not after growth on acetate. Taken together, these data show that the cell wall composition of R. erythropolis E1 is influenced by the nutritional regimen and that the most marked effect is a radical change in cell wall permeability.

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A Tetrameric Porin Limits the Cell Wall Permeability ofMycobacterium smegmatis

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m206983200 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 277 (40) ◽

pp. 37567-37572 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Harald Engelhardt ◽

Christian Heinz ◽

Michael Niederweis

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Wall Permeability ◽

Cell Wall Permeability

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Investigating lead removal at trace concentrations from water by inactive yeast cells

10.1101/2021.10.07.463380 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patritsia M. Stathatou ◽

Christos E. Athanasiou ◽

Marios Tsezos ◽

John W Goss ◽

Camron Blackburn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Emerging Contaminants ◽

Mass Transfer Process ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Lead Removal ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Wall Stiffness

Traces of heavy metals found in water resources, due to mining activities and e-waste discharge, pose a global threat. Conventional treatment processes fail to remove toxic heavy metals, such as lead, from drinking water in a resource-efficient manner when their initial concentrations are low. Here, we show that by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae we can effectively remove trace lead from water via a rapid mass transfer process, achieving an uptake of up to 12 mg lead per gram of biomass in solutions with initial lead concentrations below 1 part per million. We found that the yeast cell wall plays a crucial role in this process, with its mannoproteins and β-glucans being the key potential lead adsorbents. Furthermore, we discovered that biosorption is linked to a significant increase in cell wall stiffness. These findings open new opportunities for using environmentally friendly and abundant biomaterials for advanced water treatment targeting emerging contaminants.

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