scholarly journals Road surface influence on electric vehicle noise emission at urban speed

Noise Mapping ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
Julien Cesbron ◽  
Simon Bianchetti ◽  
Marie-Agnès Pallas ◽  
Adrien Le Bellec ◽  
Vincent Gary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Vehicle Noise ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Noise Classification ◽  
Ev Model

Abstract Considering the relative quietness of electric motors, tyre/road interaction has become the prominent source of noise emission from Electric Vehicles (EVs). This study deals with the potential influence of the road surface on EV noise emission, especially in urban area. A pass-by noise measurement campaign has been carried out on a reference test track, involving six different road surfaces and five electric passenger car models in different vehicle segments. The immunity of sound recordings to background noise was considered with care. The overall and spectral pass-by noise levels have been analysed as a function of the vehicle speed for each couple of road surface and EV model. It was found that the type of EV has few influence on the noise classification of the road surfaces at 50 km/h. However, the noise level difference between the quietest and the loudest road surface depends on the EV model, with an average close to 6 dBA, showing the potential effect of the road surface on noise reduction in the context of growing EV fleet in urban area. The perspective based on an average passenger EV in a future French or European electric fleet is addressed.

Tire-Road Interactions — Harmony or Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear

Abstract This is a summary of work by the author and his colleagues, as well as by others reported in the literature, that demonstrate a need for considering a vehicle, its tires, and the road surface as a system. The central theme is interaction at the footprint, especially that of truck tires. Individual and interactive effects of road and tires are considered under the major topics of road aggregate (macroscopic and microscopic properties), development of a novel road surface, safety, noise, rolling resistance, riding comfort, water drainage by both road and tire, development of tire tread compounds and a proving ground, and influence of tire wear on wet traction. A general conclusion is that road surfaces have both the major effect and the greater potential for improvement.

scholarly journals Laboratory experiment on the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 922-933
Author(s):  
Qing’e Wang ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Huanan Yu ◽  
Luwei Zhao ◽  
Xuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degradation Effect

AbstractOil leak from vehicles is one of the most common pollution types of the road. The spilled oil could be retained on the surface and spread in the air voids of the road, which results in a decrease in the friction coefficient of the road, affects driving safety, and causes damage to pavement materials over time. Photocatalytic degradation through nano-TiO2 is a safe, long-lasting, and sustainable technology among the many methods for treating oil contamination on road surfaces. In this study, the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution was evaluated through the lab experiment. First, a glass dish was used as a substrate to determine the basic working condition of the test; then, a test method considering the impact of different oil erosion degrees was proposed to eliminate the effect of oil erosion on asphalt pavement and leakage on cement pavement, which led to the development of a lab test method for the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of oil pollution on different road surfaces.

scholarly journals Traffic Analysis and Pavement Technology as a Tool for Urban Noise Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Kowalski ◽  
A. J. Brzeziński ◽  
J. B. Król ◽  
P. Radziszewski ◽  
Ł. Szymański
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Acoustic Conditions

Traffic related noise is currently considered as an environmental pollution. Paper presents results of multidirectional study attempting to serve urban traffic without the need to erect noise barriers interfering urban space. Initial concept of the road expansion included construction of 1000 m of noise barriers dividing city space. Improvement in the acoustic conditions after construction completion is possible due to the applied noise protection measures: vehicle speed limit, smooth of traffic flow, use of road pavement of reduced noise emission and the technical improvement of the tramway.

A new procedure for determining the road surface reduced luminance coefficient table by on-site measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Strbac-Hadzibegovic ◽  
S Strbac-Savic ◽  
M Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Q Values

Numerous measurements have shown that the standard R classes do not represent adequately many road surfaces used nowadays. Therefore, the construction of portable reflectometers intended for on-site measurements of road surface reflection properties has been given particular attention during the last decade. This paper presents a new procedure for the improvement of the accuracy of such a portable reflectometer. Optimally extrapolating the values of the 20 luminance coefficients (q), each measured by the portable reflectometer for a set of angles of observation (α = 5°–80°), the 20 q-values referring to α = 1° are calculated. This enables their comparison with the corresponding q elements from each of the 447 reduced q-tables derived from the available r-table database, obtained by using a precise laboratory reflectometer on a wide variety of road samples. Selecting the closest reduced q-table, the corresponding r-table and the actual average luminance coefficient can be determined. In order to validate the proposed procedure, which can also be applied to other similar portable reflectometers, measurements of the luminance and overall and longitudinal luminance uniformities were carried out on eleven road-lighting installations. They showed that the results obtained by this procedure deviate only slightly from those obtained using r-tables determined by the laboratory reflectometer.

Observations on the Physical Aspects of Resistance to Skidding on Dry Roads and Particularly on Wet Roads

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knauerhase
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vector Diagram ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Wetting Power

Abstract To ensure safety from skidding, attention has up to now been devoted to building rough surface roads, to the development of the proper vehicle construction with respect to this feature, and to the factor most directly involved, the tires. Special attention has been directed in connection with this latter phase to a much more open tread patterning and to the effect of decreasing tire inflation, both of which affect the life of the tire adversely. These steps neglected to take advantage of the physical effect of adhesion, which, without lowering the durability, now makes possible an enhanced contribution to the cohesive friction by the profile grooves which are of necessity retained to keep the weight down. The goal is, therefore, to provide the smooth surfaces of the tread pattern that come in contact with the road with the greatest possible physical gripping power, or adhesion. After illustrating the interfacial magnitudes with the help of a vector diagram, we shall survey the laws of boundary surface adhesion. Here the great influence of the liquid involved in wet friction becomes clear and the particularly favorable interfacial tension property of water can be assessed. Since skidding can occur only at the interfaces : rubber-water, or water-road, the requirement is as follows : both the greatest possible wetting power between rubber and water, and also between water and road surface, that is, hydrophilic properties in the rubber and hydrophilic road surfaces, in order to reduce the danger of skidding. Good insurance against skidding requires hydrophilic rubber and a hydrophilic road surface, for a tire that has been developed to be nonskidding holds on a hydrophilic road surface and skids on a hydrophobic road surface. A hydrophobic tire, on the other hand, skids on any wet road. Although considerable advances have been made with respect to safety from skidding since rubber tires were first developed for motor vehicles, with increase of speeds this problem demands our attention to a greater and greater degree. Safety from skidding can result only from the combined efforts of road and car builders, tire makers, and the chemists and physicists of all three groups.

Influence of Test Conditions on Wet Skid Resistance of Tire Tread Compounds

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Grosch ◽  
G. Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Contact Region ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
On The Road

Abstract This paper is primarily concerned with the skid behavior of tread compounds, and the extent to which testing parameters such as the type of road surface, the vehicle speed, or whether peak and sliding coefficients are considered, influence the skid behavior of one tread compound in relation to another. Whilst the actual braking coefficients depend profoundly on all these parameters the rating of two compounds is much less affected by them. Moreover, subject to the qualification given in the paper, the ranking of compounds will in many cases be predicted correctly by the RRL skid tester. The question arises how the rating of tread compounds will be affected by other testing methods. The three most commonly used are cornering, traction, and stopping distance tests. The first two are dominated by the peak value of the friction coefficient because the measurements are taken just before sliding occurs whilst the last reflects the sliding value of the braking coefficient. Since the rating is virtually the same for these two types of measurement it is likely to be independent of the measuring method. Although the ranking of compounds does not depend on the road surface, well drained road surfaces gave more reproducible results and larger ratings so that fewer readings are required on such a surface than on a flooded one. The following observations as to the nature of wet friction emerge from the present study. (a) Changes in coefficient of friction with tread compound and type of road surface texture confirm the findings of Miss Sabey, and Greenwood and Tabor, that the energy loss component of wet friction on coarse surfaces increases with the sharpness of the asperities, and thus with the pressure on the tops of the asperities. A mechanism for such energy losses based on elastic stored energy is suggested. (b) The decrease in the braking coefficient, as observed on well drained or dry road surfaces after the wheels have become locked, is explained by the frictional temperature rise in the area of contact. (c) It is suggested that in the case of the sliding tire, temperature increase in the contact region with increasing vehicle speed contributes to the observed fall in coefficient with increasing speed. This, together with the temperature dependence of the rubber properties, is used to explain small differences between the speed coefficients of various compounds in their rate of fall off with speed. (d) The mean braking coefficients of the compounds increase with their internal viscosity. It appears that the internal losses can be increased and therefore the skid resistance improved by incorporation of a heavy oil without an appreciable change in the glass transition temperature as measured by a torsion pendulum. This is strikingly demonstrated by the highly resilient natural rubber, whose skid resistance is greatly improved by oil extension without any significant loss in resistance to tire wear.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT KERUSAKAN JALAN DAN PENGARUNYA TERHADAP KECEPATAN KENDARAAN (STUDI KASUS: JALAN BLANG BINTANG LAMA DAN JALAN TEUNGKU HASAN DIBAKOI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626
Author(s):  
Intan Wirnanda ◽  
Renni Anggraini ◽  
Muhammad Isya
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Pavement Condition Index

Abstract: Abstract:Damage that occurs on some road segment causing huge lossed, especially for road users such as a long travel time, traffic jam, incident, and etc. In general there variety factor that caused of road damage such as age of the road that has been passed, puddle onthe road surface that cannot flow due to the poor drainage, trafic load excessively repetitive (overloaded). Which can cause life time is shorter than planning. Improper planning, poor monitoring and the implementation is not accordance with the existing plan, in addition to the lack of maintenance costs, delays in budget spending and priorities of improper handling also be the cause. It should be noted in order to avoid decreased in the quality of roads due to damage on road surface. The purpose of this study is to determined damage of the road extent/level using PCI method (Pavement Condition Index), determined the effect of road damage to the speed of vehicle using Regression Analysis method. This research take location in the road segment of Blang Bintang Lama road, and Teungku hasan Dibakoi each road is divided into 7 that being reviewed according to the level of damage. Primary data collected by field actual survey in the form of geometric data, extensive damage to the road, and vehicle speed. The results showed that damage of the road is very affected on the vehicle speed as seen on Blang Bintang Lama in V segment the value of PCI is 10 with failed condition and vehicle speed just reached 5.31 Km/h, while in VII segment PCI value is 87 with perfect road condition (excellent) vehicle speed reached to 58.34 Km/h, so that the equation obtained by regression analysis of Y = (3,571)(0,032) ͯ, while for segment in Teungku Hasan Dibakoi road as seen in III Segment PCI value is 4 with failed condition with vehicle speed just 4.95 Km/h, while in the VII segment PCI value is 88 with perfect road condition (excellent) vehicle speed reached to 68.64 Km/h, so the equation obtained by regression analysis of Y is Y= (3,822)(0,035) ͯ. This suggests that higher levels of road damage will affected to slower speed of vehicle, otherwise the lower level of damage road, will make the higher speed of vehicle.Abstrak: Kerusakan jalan yang terjadi di beberapa ruas jalan menimbulkan kerugian yang sangat besar terutama bagi pengguna jalan seperti waktu tempuh yang lama, kemacetan, kecelakaan, dan lain-lain. Secara umum penyebab kerusakan jalan ada berbagai sebab yaitu umur rencana jalan yang telah dilewati, genangan air pada permukaan jalan yang tidak dapat mengalir akibat drainase yang kurang baik, beban lalu lintas berulang yang berlebihan (overloaded) yang menyebabkan umur pakai jalan lebih pendek dari perencanaan. Perencanaan yang tidak tepat, pengawasan yang kurang baik dan pelaksanaan yang tidak sesuai dengan rencana yang ada, selain itu minimnya biaya pemeliharaan, keterlambatan pengeluaran anggaran serta prioritas penanganan yang kurang tepat juga menjadi penyebabnya. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan akibat kerusakan permukaan jalan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tingkat dan jenis kerusakan jalan dengan menggunakan metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index), mengetahui pengaruh kerusakan jalan terhadap kecepatan kendaraan dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Regresi. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi pada ruas Jalan Blang Bintang Lama dan ruas Jalan Teungku Hasan Dibakoi yang masing-masing jalan terbagi atas 7 segmen yang ditinjau menurut tingkat kerusakannya. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan survey aktual lapangan yaitu berupa data geometrik jalan, luas kerusakan jalan, dan kecepatan kendaraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan kendaraan seperti yang terlihat pada ruas jalan Blang Bintang Lama pada segmen V dengan nilai PCI 10 kondisi jalan gagal (failed) dengan kecepatan kendaraan mencapai 5,37 Km/Jam, sedangkan pada segmen VII nilai PCI sebesar 87 dengan kondisi jalan sempurna (excellent) kecepatan kendaraan mencapai 58,34 Km/Jam, sehingga didapat persamaan dengan metode analisis regresi Y= (3,571)(0,032) ͯ, sedangkan untuk ruas Jalan Teungku Hasan Dibakoi terlihat pada segmen III nilai PCI 4 kondisi jalan gagal (failed) dengan kecepatan mencapai 4,95 Km/Jam, sedangkan pada segmen VII nilai PCI sebesar 88 dengan kondisi jalan sempurna (excellent) kecepatan kendaraan mencapai 68,64 Km/Jam, sehingga didapat persamaan dengan metode analisis regresi Y= (3,822)(0,035) ͯ. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat kerusakan jalan maka semakin rendah kecepatan kendaraan, sebaliknya semakin rendah tingkat kerusakan maka semakin tinggi kecepatan kendaraan.

scholarly journals Perceiving Excitation Characteristics from Interactions between Field Road and Vehicle via Vibration Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuansheng Cheng ◽  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
Xiaolan Man ◽  
Feifan Fan ◽  
Zhixiong Li
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Response ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Vibration Test ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Effective Roughness ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Road Excitation ◽  
Wave Surfaces

When agricultural vehicles operate in the field, the soft road excitation makes it difficult to measure the vehicle vibration. A camera-accelerator system can solve this issue by utilizing computer vision information; however, the relationship between the field road surface and the vehicle vibration response remains an unsolved problem. This study aims to investigate the correlation of the soft road excitation of different long-wave surfaces with the vehicle vibration response. Vibration equation between the vehicle and soft road surface system was established to produce an effective roughness model of the field soft road surface. In order to simulate the vehicle vibration state under different long-wave road surfaces, the soil rectangular pits with 21 kinds of different spans and depths were applied to the road surfaces, and a tractor vibration test system was built for vibration test. The frequency spectrum analysis was performed for the vibration response and the roughness signals of the road surfaces. The results showed that coefficient (R2) of frequency correlation between the roughness excitation and the original unevenness at the excitation point at the rear end of the rectangular soil pit fell within 0.9641∼0.9969. The main frequency band of the vibration response fell within 0∼3 Hz, and the phenomenon of quadruple frequency existed. The correlation of roughness excitation with quadruple frequency fell within 0.992165∼1. The primary excitation points were located at the rear end of the rectangular soil pit. In addition, it also indicated that when the vehicle was driven without autonomous power, the vehicle vibration frequency mainly depended on the excitation frequency of the field road surface and the frequency at the maximum vehicle vibration intensity was 2 or 3 times of that at the maximum field soft road excitation. These findings may provide a reference for optimal design of vibration reduction and control for agricultural vehicles.

scholarly journals A Vehicle Fuel Consumption Model on Reconstructed Roads Based on the Roughness and Its Measurement Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Jianguang Xie ◽  
Zhixiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumption Model ◽  
Baseline State

The fuel consumption model for a vehicle forms a basis and method for evaluating the social benefit of road reconstruction. Based on the theoretical fuel consumption model of vehicles, the influence mechanism of the apparent parameters of the road surface on the fuel consumption of vehicles and their sensitivity was analysed. The baseline state was defined on the basis of the roughness, a parameter with significant influence. In addition, a method for acquiring fuel consumption parameters was proposed to establish a one-parameter relational model for the roughness and fuel consumption of vehicles in the baseline state based on measured data. Moreover, by considering the effects of the friction coefficient, deflection of the road surface, and vehicle speed on the fuel consumption, a modified model for the fuel consumption of vehicles applicable to road reconstruction was established. Finally, a method for measuring the energy-saving benefit of vehicles was proposed based on the characteristics of reconstructed roads. The research provides a basis for evaluating the social benefit acquired from reconstructed roads.

On the applicability of a scan-based mobile mapping system for monitoring the planarity and subsidence of road surfaces – Pilot study on the A44n motorway in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Heinz ◽  
Christian Eling ◽  
Lasse Klingbeil ◽  
Heiner Kuhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Physical Height

AbstractKinematic laser scanning is widely used for the fast and accurate acquisition of road corridors. In this context, road monitoring is a crucial application, since deficiencies of the road surface due to non-planarity and subsidence put traffic at risk. In recent years, a Mobile Mapping System (MMS) has been developed at the University of Bonn, consisting of a GNSS/IMU unit and a 2D laser scanner. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy and precision of this MMS, where the height component is of main interest. Following this, the applicability of the MMS for monitoring the planarity and subsidence of road surfaces is analyzed. The test area for this study is a 6 km long section of the A44n motorway in Germany. For the evaluation of the MMS, leveled control points along the motorway as well as point cloud comparisons of repeated passes were used. In order to transform the ellipsoidal heights of the MMS into the physical height system of the control points, undulations were utilized. In this respect, a local tilt correction for the geoid model was determined based on GNSS baselines and leveling, leading to a physical height accuracy of the MMS of < 10 mm (RMS). The related height precision has a standard deviation of about 5 mm. Hence, a potential subsidence of the road surface in the order of a few cm is detectable. In addition, the point clouds were used to analyze the planarity of the road surface. In the course of this, the cross fall of the road was estimated with a standard deviation of < 0.07 %. Yet, no deficiencies of the road surface in the form of significant rut depths or fictive water depths were detected, indicating the proper condition of the A44n motorway. According to our tests, the MMS is appropriate for road monitoring.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document