Gold Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System: Principle and Application

In recent years, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gradually become a major choice of drug delivery cargoes due to unique properties. Compared to traditional bulk solid gold, GNPs have basic physical and chemical advantages, such as a larger surface area-to-volume ratio and easier surface modification. Furthermore, these have excellent biocompatibility, can induce the directional adsorption and enrichment of biological macromolecules, help retain biological macromolecule activity, and cause low harm to the human body. All these make GNPs good drug delivery cargoes. The present study introduces the properties of GNPs, including factors that affect the properties and synthesis. Then, focus was given on the application in drug delivery, not only on the molecular mechanism, but also on the clinical application. Furthermore, the properties and applications of peptide GNPs were also introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of GNPs for drug delivery were summarized.

Nonequilibrium Band Occupation and Optical Response of Gold After Ultrafast XUV Excitation

Free electron lasers offer unique properties to study matter in states far from equilibrium as they combine short pulses with a large range of photon energies. In particular, the possibility to excite core states drives new relaxation pathways that, in turn, also change the properties of the optically and chemically active electrons. Here, we present a theoretical model for the dynamics of the nonequilibrium occupation of the different energy bands in solid gold driven by exciting deep core states. The resulting optical response is in excellent agreement with recent measurements and, combined with our model, provides a quantitative benchmark for the description of electron-phonon coupling in strongly driven gold. Focusing on sub-picosecond time scales, we find essential differences between the dynamics induced by XUV and visible light.

Core-satellite assembly of gold nanoshells on solid gold nanoparticle for color coding plasmonic nanosensor

We present core-satellite assemblies comprising solid gold nanoparticle as the core and hollow decahedral gold nanoshells as satellites for tuning the optical properties of the plasmonic structure for sensing. The...

Почему наночастицы магнетит/золото со структурой ядро-оболочка недостаточно хороши и как их улучшить

In this paper a short review of experimental and theoretical recent researches of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles with noble metals shell is given. Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 coated with a gold shell are in demand in many biomedical applications. However, there are practically no good nanoparticles completely and uniformly coated with gold. In this paper, we investigated the formation of a chemical bond at the magnetite/gold interface. In the framework of DFT-GGA calculations, the geometric structure, electronic and magnetic properties of flat layers consisting of Fe3O4 magnetite, titanium, and gold are studied. It is established that the specific energy and wetting parameters of the magnetite-gold interface are negative, while these values of the magnetite-titanium (for thin Ti layers) and magnetite-titanium-gold boundaries are positive. This allows us to hope that an intermediate thin layer of titanium at the boundary between the surface of the magnetite nanoparticle and the gold layer will stabilize this three-layer structure and allow obtaining magnetite nanoparticles coated with a solid gold coating.

Current biomedical and diagnostical applications of gold micro and nanoparticles

: Production of particles and their adaptation in the pharmacology became an object of interest and there are currently introduced therapies based on the use of micro and nanoparticles. The use of gold particles is not an exception. This review is focused on the application of gold micro and nanoparticles in the pharmacology and biomedicine. Their use in the therapy and diagnosis respective theranostic of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, antimicrobial means, drugs distribution and other are discussed. Beside these applications, specifications of gold, gold particles and colloidal gold manufacturing and their comparation with the solid gold are described as well. This review is based on survey of actual scientific literature.

Semi-analytical dynamic modeling of DNA surface-hybridization via AC Electro-kinetic steering

ABSTRACTThe change in electrical property (capacitance) upon hybridization of the desired ssDNA to a capture probe has been proposed as a promising technology platform in biomedical research and practice. An appropriate mathematical model is needed for understanding and optimizing the process occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. It is also informative for examining the forces generated by the AC electric fields on the DNA molecules as well as the suspending buffer solution in the experimental pool. Here, we provide the development, formulation and validation of a semi-analytical model of DNA hybridization with deoxynucleotide molecules chemically tethered to a solid gold electrode. The parameters of the proposed model have been estimated using available experimental data. We demonstrate that the detection limit and specificity of our surface-based genosensor are not only dependent on the probe/target binding affinity, but also on the Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) density and on the interfacial electric field. The label-free Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-based oligonucleotide biosensor with integrated DC-biased can achieve rapid hybridization, high selectivity and sensitive detection for DNA target samples.SIGNIFICANCEDNA hybridization, wherein strands of DNA form duplex through noncovalent, sequence-specific interactions, is one of the most fundamental processes in biology. Fast and reliable determination of miniature amounts of DNA plays important role in clinical forensic and pharmaceutical applications. Thus, developing a better understanding of the kinetic and dynamic properties of DNA hybridization will help in the elucidation of all mechanisms involved in numerous biochemical processes. Moreover, because DNA hybridization has been widely adapted in biotechnology, its study is invaluable to the development of a range of commercially important processes.To achieve optimal sensitivity with minimum sample size and rapid hybridization, ability to predict the kinetics of hybridization based on the characteristics of the strands is crucial, and hence a computer aided numerical model for the design and optimization of a DNA biosensor has been implemented.