scholarly journals Material advancement in technological development for the 5G wireless communications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 683-699
Author(s):  
Huali Hao ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Denvid Lau
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
High Speed Data

AbstractThe rapidly increasing number of mobile devices, voluminous data, and higher data rate is pushing the development of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications. The 5G networks are broadly characterized by three unique features: ubiquitous connectivity, extremely low latency, and very high-speed data transfer via adoption of new technology to equip future millimeter band wireless communication systems at nanoscale and massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) with extreme base station and device densities, as well as unprecedented numbers of nanoantennas. In this article, these new technologies of 5G are presented so as to figure out the advanced requirements proposed for the nanomaterials applied to antennas in particular. Because of massive MIMO and ultra-densification technology, conventional antennas are unable to serve the new frequency for smaller sizes, and the nanoantennas are used in 5G. The nanomaterials for nanoantennas applied in wideband millimeter waves are introduced. Four types of nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanomaterials, and metamaterials are illustrated with a focus on their morphology and electromagnetic properties. The challenges for the commercialization of 5G and nanomaterials are also discussed. An atomistic modeling approach is proposed for the development of novel nanomaterials applied in 5G and beyond.

scholarly journals NASA Space Laser Communications System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Radosław Bielawski ◽  
Aleksandra Radomska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Space Communication ◽  
Deep Space Exploration ◽  
Laser Communications ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Communications System

Bidirectional space communication is a fundamental prerequisite for maintaining contact with objects performing missions in space, whether manned and unmanned. Until recently, it relied solely on the propagation of electromagnetic waves (the radio) using frequency bands dedicated for objects outside the Earth's atmosphere. However, modern space technologies are subject to ongoing development as they are being fitted with advanced communication systems. Given the constant enhancement of our technological capabilities, the traditional radio-based communication shows a glaring inadequacy and contributes to the widening of a gap between this and the high technology of on-board devices installed on modern spacecraft. The technology that complies with the up-to-date requirements of space communication is optical space communication. It is expected to provide for high-speed data transfer and increase the bandwidth several times, while ensuring immunity to common cyber threats, including jamming, spoofing and meaconing. The deployment of laser-based optical communication will not only contribute to increasing the air and space operation safety levels, but also enable deep space exploration. To this end, NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Project (LCRD) is currently undergoing development and testing. This chapter undertakes to characterise the emerging technology with respect to its operating principles, the future scope of applications and involvement in currently conducted experiments. The results from the analysis are presented in the form of scenarios outlining possible applications of laser communication.

scholarly journals Dual-shot dynamics and ultimate frequency of all-optical magnetic recording on GdFeCo

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Wang ◽  
Chen Wei ◽  
Yuanhua Feng ◽  
Hongkun Cao ◽  
Wenzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetization Reversal ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Natural Way

AbstractAlthough photonics presents the fastest and most energy-efficient method of data transfer, magnetism still offers the cheapest and most natural way to store data. The ultrafast and energy-efficient optical control of magnetism is presently a missing technological link that prevents us from reaching the next evolution in information processing. The discovery of all-optical magnetization reversal in GdFeCo with the help of 100 fs laser pulses has further aroused intense interest in this compelling problem. Although the applicability of this approach to high-speed data processing depends vitally on the maximum repetition rate of the switching, the latter remains virtually unknown. Here we experimentally unveil the ultimate frequency of repetitive all-optical magnetization reversal through time-resolved studies of the dual-shot magnetization dynamics in Gd27Fe63.87Co9.13. Varying the intensities of the shots and the shot-to-shot separation, we reveal the conditions for ultrafast writing and the fastest possible restoration of magnetic bits. It is shown that although magnetic writing launched by the first shot is completed after 100 ps, a reliable rewriting of the bit by the second shot requires separating the shots by at least 300 ps. Using two shots partially overlapping in space and minimally separated by 300 ps, we demonstrate an approach for GHz magnetic writing that can be scaled down to sizes below the diffraction limit.

scholarly journals Time-averaging of high-speed data transfer protocols

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marquez ◽  
E. Altman ◽  
S. Sole-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
High Speed Data

Optical Waveguides Embedded in PCBs - A Real World Application of 3D Structures Written by TPA

2007 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Houbertz ◽  
Herbert Wolter ◽  
Volker Schmidt ◽  
Ladislav Kuna ◽  
Valentin Satzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
High Speed Data

ABSTRACTThe integration of optical interconnects in printed circuit boards (PCB) is a rapidly growing field worldwide due to a continuously increasing need for high-speed data transfer. There are any concepts discussed, among which are the integration of optical fibers or the generation of waveguides by UV lithography, embossing, or direct laser writing. The devices presented so far require many different materials and process steps, but particularly also highly-sophisticated assembly steps in order to couple the optoelectronic elements to the generated waveguides. In order to overcome these restrictions, an innovative approach is presented which allows the embedding of optoelectronic components and the generation of optical waveguides in only one optical material. This material is an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, in which the waveguides are processed by two-photon absorption (TPA) processes, initiated by ultra-short laser pulses. In particular, due to this integration and the possibility ofin situpositioning the optical waveguides with respect to the optoelectronic components by the TPA process, no complex packaging or assembly is necessary. Thus, the number of necessary processing steps is significantly reduced, which also contributes to the saving of resources such as energy or solvents. The material properties and the underlying processes will be discussed with respect to optical data transfer in PCBs.

Design of Data Transfer System Based on PCI Express Interface Applied in High-Speed Railway

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 1543-1546
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Zhou ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Hai Long Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Pci Express ◽  
Data Acquisition Card ◽  
High Speed Data Acquisition ◽  
High Speed Data

To improve data transmission performance of the data acquisition card, a design of high-speed data transmission system is proposed in the thesis. Using FPGA of programmable logic devices, adopting Verilog HDL of hardware description language, the design of modularization and DMA transmission method is implemented in FPGA. Eventually the design implements the data transmission with high-speed through PCI Express interface. Through simulation and verification based on hardware system, this design is proved to be feasible and can satisfy the performance requirements of data transmission in the high-speed data acquisition card applied in high-speed railway communication. The design also has some value of application and reference for a universal data acquisition card.

Detecting Malicious Switches for a Secure Software-defined Tactile Internet

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Deqing Zou ◽  
Laurence Tianruo Yang ◽  
Hai Jin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Network Status ◽  
Sdn Controller

The rapid development of the Internet of Things has led to demand for high-speed data transformation. Serving this purpose is the Tactile Internet, which facilitates data transfer in extra-low latency. In particular, a Tactile Internet based on software-defined networking (SDN) has been broadly deployed because of the proven benefits of SDN in flexible and programmable network management. However, the vulnerabilities of SDN also threaten the security of the Tactile Internet. Specifically, an SDN controller relies on the network status (provided by the underlying switches) to make network decisions, e.g., calculating a routing path to deliver data in the Tactile Internet. Hence, the attackers can compromise the switches to jeopardize the SDN and further attack Tactile Internet systems. For example, an attacker can compromise switches to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks to overwhelm the SDN controller, which will disrupt all the applications in the Tactile Internet. In pursuit of a more secure Tactile Internet, the problem of abnormal SDN switches in the Tactile Internet is analyzed in this article, including the cause of abnormal switches and their influences on different network layers. Then we propose an approach that leverages the messages sent by all switches to identify abnormal switches, which adopts a linear structure to store historical messages at a relatively low cost. By mapping each flow message to the flow establishment model, our method can effectively identify malicious SDN switches in the Tactile Internet and thus enhance its security.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Based Network Assignment and Link-Switching Analysis in Hybrid OCC/LiFi System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Khalid Hasan ◽  
Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Shahjalal ◽  
Yeong Min Jang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Optical Wireless Communications ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Transmission Capability ◽  
Time Division

In recent times, optical wireless communications (OWC) have become attractive research interest in mobile communication for its inexpensiveness and high-speed data transmission capability and it is already recognized as complementary to radio-frequency (RF) based technologies. Light fidelity (LiFi) and optical camera communication (OCC) are two promising OWC technologies that use a photo detector (PD) and a camera, respectively, to receive optical pulses. These communication systems can be implemented in all kinds of environments using existing light-emitting diode (LED) infrastructures to transmit data. However, both networking layers suffer from several limitations. An excellent solution to overcoming these limitations is the integration of OCC and LiFi. In this paper, we propose a hybrid OCC and LiFi architecture to improve the quality-of-service (QoS) of users. A network assignment mechanism is developed for the hybrid system. A dynamic link-switching technique for efficient handover management between networks is proposed afterward which includes switching provisioning based on user mobility and detailed network switching flow analysis. Fuzzy logic (FL) is used to develop the proposed mechanisms. A time-division multiple access (TDMA) based approach, called round-robin scheduling (RRS), is also adopted to ensure fairness in time resource allocation while serving multiple users using the same LED in the hybrid system. Furthermore, simulation results are presented taking different practical application scenarios into consideration. The performance analysis of the network assignment mechanism, which is provided at the end of the paper, demonstrates the importance and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals Trajectory Planning in UAV Emergency Networks with Potential Underlaying D2D Communication Based on K-means

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Shuo Shi ◽  
Tianming Feng ◽  
Xuemai Gu
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
User Coverage ◽  
Trajectory Length

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in communication systems due to excellent maneuverability and mobility. The ultra-high speed, ultra-low latency, and ultra-high reliability of 5th generation wireless systems (5G) have further promoted vigorous development of UAVs. Compared with traditional means of communication, UAV can provide services for ground terminal without time and space constraints, so it is often used as air base station (BS). Especially in emergency communications and rescue, it provides temporary communication signal coverage service for disaster areas. In the face of large-scale and scattered user coverage tasks, UAV's trajectory is an important factor affecting its energy consumption and communication performance. In this paper, we consider a UAV emergency communication network where UAV aims to achieve complete coverage of potential underlying D2D users (DUs). The trajectory planning problem is transformed into the deployment and connection problem of stop points (SPs). Aiming at trajectory length and sum throughput, two trajectory planning algorithms based on K-means are proposed. Due to the non-convexity of sum throughput optimization, we present a sub-optimal solution by using the successive convex approximation (SCA) method. In order to balance the relationship between trajectory length and sum throughput, we propose a joint evaluation index which is used as an objective function to further optimize trajectory. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed algorithms which have advantages over the well-known benchmark scheme in terms of trajectory length and sum throughput.

scholarly journals Laser technologies of data transfer in aquatic environment in the organization of underwater wireless communication networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
В.Л. Мартынов ◽  
В.И. Дорошенко ◽  
Н.М. Божук ◽  
Ю.Г. Ксенофонтов
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Optical Communication Systems

Решению вопросов, связанных с телекоммуникационным оборудованием, функционирующем в водной среде, в настоящее время уделяется особое внимание. На смену традиционным подводным системам обмена информацией в гидроакустических полях приходят открытые системы её оптической передачи и приёма, базирующиеся на лазерных технологиях. Это вызвано необходимостью трансляции с высокой разрешающей способностью видеоданных, среди которых, например, может быть либо визуальное отображение подводных систем в динамике, либо результаты мониторинга объектов подводной инфраструктуры в реальном масштабе времени, либо что-то другое с учётом требований Заказчика. Канал передачи такого большого объёма информации при условии ее считывания с задаваемым качеством должен иметь пропускную способность более 1 Мбит/с. Такую высокую скорость передачи невозможно реализовать в подводных гидроакустических системах, граница технических возможностей которых на превышает 10...50 кбит/с. В аналогичной ситуации при заданных параметрах канала связи частоты несущих оптического диапазона имеют порядок 1014 Гц, что обеспечивает динамический диапазон полосы пропускания в районе 1012…1013 Гц. С учётом условия квазимонохроматичности применение гидроакустических средств для передачи видеоданных становится проблематичным, так как техническая реализация такой задачи потребует слишком большого времени. С учётом сказанного, преимуществом подводных беспроводных оптических систем связи является их высокая широкополосность, которая обеспечит высокую скорость передачи данных. В статье обосновывается целесообразность использования открытых оптических системы связи для создания высокоскоростных подводных инфотелекоммуникаций, среди которых наиболее предпочтительными являются лазерные системы. Special attention is currently paid to the solution of issues related to telecommunication equipment operating in the aquatic environment. The traditional underwater systems for the exchange of information in hydroacoustic fields are being replaced by open systems for its optical transmission and reception, based on laser technologies.This is due to the need to broadcast high-resolution video data, among which, for example, there can be either a visual display of underwater systems in dynamics, or the results of monitoring objects of underwater infrastructure in real time, or something else, taking into account the requirements of the Customer. The transmission channel of such a large amount of information, provided it is read with a specified quality, must have a bandwidth of more than 1 Mbit / s. Such a high transmission rate cannot be realized in underwater sonar systems, the technical capabilities limit of which does not exceed 10 ... 50 kbit/s. In a similar situation, given the parameters of the communication channel, the carrier frequencies of the optical range are 1014 Hz, which provides a dynamic bandwidth range about 1012…1013Hz. Taking into account the condition of quasimonochromaticity, the use of hydroacoustic means for transmitting video data becomes problematic, since the technical implementation of such a task will take too long. In view of the above, the advantage of underwater wireless optical communication systems is their high broadband, which will provide a high data transfer rate. The article substantiates the expediency of using open optical communication systems for creating high-speed underwater information telecommunications, among which the most preferable are laser systems.

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