scholarly journals Evaluation of Potato Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Resistance to Globodera Rostochiensis and Globodera Pallida

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Anna Przetakiewicz ◽  
Dorota Milczarek
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Significant Yield

Abstract Nematodes are among the most important agents affecting potato crops. Heavy infestations by Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida can cause significant yield losses and limit the choice of potato cultivars that can be grown effectively (Oerke, 2006). Breeding of new potato cultivar resistant to G. rostochiensis and G. pallida is a long-term process. It is preceded by screening of potato breeding lines for resistance in repeated biotests, which seems to be the most effective and safest method of protection. Evaluation of nematode resistance is an important element of characterization of breeding lines and new cultivars. Resistance to Globodera spp. is evaluated in biological tests. The use of DNA markers for detecting nematode resistance genes may be an alternative approach to phenotypic evaluation of resistance degree of potato plants (Jena and Mackill, 2008). The goal of this report is focused on a description of resistance assessment procedure of breeding lines and varieties of potato to PCN and on comparison of biological and molecular methods of resistance evaluation. Presented information is addressed to both breeders and Polish inspection services.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF PCN PATHOTYPES IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Anna Przetakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Potato Production ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Starch Potato

Both Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975 and Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) are considered the most economically important nematode pest. Annual regional survey conduct in Poland have revealed high infestation of pathotype Ro1 to the northwest of the country and presence of new pathotype Ro5 of G. rostochiensis. In 2009-2013 fifty eight soil samples were tested. parasitic root organisms cause significant losses in quantity and quality of potato crops. In many European countries PCN have become a major problem in potato production mainly in starch potato cultivars. The pathotype Ro1 was detected mostly in central and northern Poland and pathotype Ro5 in four separated provinces: malopolskie, lubuskie, lubelskie and pomorskie. The abundance of cysts in location where the new pathotype was detected suggests that is a thread of further spread of pathotype Ro5 of G. rostochiensis in the country. Consequently, producers and farmers need to grow resistant potato cultivars to keep nematode population below damaging level. These results indicate the urgent need to prevent the spread of PCN to non-infested areas. This report focused on identification of nematode pathotypes in soil samples from infested polish fields and presentation of G. rostochiensis distribution on territory of Poland.

Internal gas atmospheres, ethanol, and leakage of electrolytes from a flood-tolerant and a flood-susceptible sweet potato cultivar as influenced by anaerobiosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3399-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling A. Chang ◽  
Larry K. Hammett ◽  
David M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
High Concentrations

The postanaerobic behavior of sweet potato roots from a flood-tolerant cultivar, 'Centennial,' and a flood-susceptible cultivar, 'Caromex,' was studied. High concentrations of CO2 and low concentrations of O2 were present in the internal atmosphere of 'Caromex' roots even after the anaerobically pretreated roots were restored to air for a few days, whereas in 'Centennial,' the internal gas atmosphere was less affected by anoxia. Ethanol accumulation in 'Caromex' was consistently higher than in 'Centennial,' and the postanaerobic changes were different between cultivars. An inducation of electrolyte leakage was observed from both cultivars immediately after roots were exposed to a CO2-enriched environment for 48 h. The leakage became greater in 'Caromex' after a 3-day aerobic exposure. In 'Centennial,' leakage of electrolytes due to CO2 treatment diminished at the end of 3 days. Application of ethanol to the discs had no immediate effect on electrolyte leakage in either cultivar under a N2 environment. However, anaerobiosis alone resulted in higher electrolyte leakage. It remains to be determined that the postanaerobic patterns of 'Caromex' and 'Centennial' are characteristic of flood-susceptible and flood-tolerant sweet potato cultivars in general.

scholarly journals Potato cultivars vary in susceptibility to blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
P.J. Wright ◽  
J.A.D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Ten potato cultivars were tested for susceptibility to infection by Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica (Eca) the causal agent of blackleg over two maincrop seasons in 200506 and 200607 The pathogen was inoculated into seed tubers using toothpicks charged with undiluted bacterial growth Blackleg incidence was assessed 56 weeks after planting The field experiments clearly confirmed that potato cultivars vary significantly in susceptibility to blackleg Some New Zealand cultivars had a lower susceptibility to blackleg than current commercial cultivars The new Plant Food Research release Summer Delight in particular had an exceptional level of resistance and will be used as a parent in efforts to develop potato cultivars with lower blackleg susceptibility than current local commercial cultivars Routine screening of Plant Food Research breeding lines and cultivars will continue to be carried out over several seasons to confirm results presented here and to determine further blacklegresistant germplasm

scholarly journals Comparative study on meristem culture of three potato cultivars diamant, cardinal and granula and their shoot formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544
Author(s):  
Marufa Khatun ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Khalekuzzan ◽  
Amina Rownaq
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Apical Meristems

The main aim of this study was to analyze the comparative study on meristem culture of three important potato cultivars, diamant, cardinal and granula and their shoot formation using meristem tips. Apical meristems were isolated from shoot tips of 25-35 days old field grown plants. After surface sterilization the meristems (0.3 mm) were isolated from the shoot tips. After isolation the apical meristems were placed quickly on “M” shaped filter paper bridge in culture tubes containing liquid MS medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of different plant growth regulators. Meristems showed their first growth response by increase in size and became greenish white in colour. They continued their growth and developed shoots with roots. In the present investigation, among the three cultivars of potato, cardinal were the best responsive cultivars for the resuming new growth of cultured meristems on MS medium supplemented with KIN (0.4 mg l-1) + GA3 (0.5 mg l-1). Cultivar diamant showed comparatively better growth response in the primary culture and granula showed better results in shoot length formation in MS0 medium. Cultivar cardinal proved to be best potato cultivar in case of meristem culture than diamant and granula cultivars.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 537-544

scholarly journals Reaction of Select Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines to Southern Stem Rot and Pythium Pod Rot Under Varied Disease Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Smith ◽  
T. E. Boswell ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eight breeding lines, three parents, and the cultivar Florunner were compared under two levels of disease pressure induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., or Pythium myriotylum Drechs. at each of two locations for three years to ascertain the effectiveness of the host plant resistance to each pathogen. Varied disease pressures were created by application of fungicides and supplement of fungal inoculum. Mean Florunner pod yields varied more than 1000 kg/ha as a result of the S. rolfsii treatments but the yields of the resistant TxAG-3 were not affected. Disease incidence, as measured by frequency of S. rolfsii infection sites and diseased pods, was much higher for Florunner than TxAG-3. Breeding lines for which TxAG-3 was a parent sustained significant yield reductions. The disease incidence in these lines was higher than the resistant parent, equal or less than Tamnut 74, their other parent, and less than Florunner. The grades of TxAG-3 and its derivatives were lower than Florunner. Pod rot incidence differed for the P. myriotylum treatments but pod yields were not different. TxAG-3 and Toalson sustained less pod disease than Florunner and Tamnut 74. The percent of diseased pod tissue for one derivative of Toalson was lower than Toalson and TxAG-3, and that of one TxAG-3 derivative was equal to its best parent. The breeding lines varied in reaction to the two diseases and some lines showed considerable resistance to both organisms.

Variation in in vitro hatch of potato cyst nematodes in response to different potato cultivars inoculated with isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-672
Author(s):  
Patrick Haydock ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Thomas Deliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shoot Emergence

AbstractSix potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars (Home Guard, Bintje, British Queen, Maris Piper, Pentland Dell and Saturna) were inoculated with Vaminoc (a commercial mixture of three selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) isolates) and with two of the individual AMF isolates present in Vaminoc, Glomus intraradices (BioRize BB-E) and Glomus mosseae (isolate BEG 12). Root length colonisation by AMF at 6 weeks after shoot emergence ranged from 49 to 54%, with Vaminoc exhibiting the highest percentage. In comparison with control plants, AMF-inoculated plants accelerated the in vitro hatch (21% mean increase) of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) species Globodera pallida (but not of G. rostochiensis) in potato root leachate collected 3 weeks after shoot emergence. The effects of mycorrhization on PCN hatch were broadly similar across the six potato cultivars. This consistency supports the potential use of AMF inoculation of potato plants as part of an integrated pest management strategy for G. pallida.

scholarly journals Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Melounová ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Domkářová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

scholarly journals Incidence of Meloidogyne incognita and Development of Resistant Soybean Germplasm in Illinois

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Allen ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
M. E. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

In 2002-2003, a nematode survey was conducted in the southernmost counties of Illinois. Species in eight nematode genera were detected in the survey with four genera having species considered to be important soybean pathogens. Populations of Meloidogyne incognita were detected in 6% of all fields surveyed in southern Illinois. Elite breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated for resistance to gall formation and reproduction by the nematode. Resistance was identified in several soybean genotypes. Accepted for publication 27 April 2005. Published 6 June 2005.

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