scholarly journals Laser surgical treatment options for diseases of the upper respiratory tract in horses – An overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ohnesorge ◽  
Anna Rötting
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractDiseases of the upper respiratory tract in horses can be life-threatening, or more frequently, limit the ability of the equine athlete to perform. Traditional surgical approaches are often invasive and are limited due to anatomic considerations. This article summarizes minimal invasive surgical techniques and in particular, laser surgical techniques useful for treatment of common diseases of the upper respiratory tract in horses.

scholarly journals Challenges in the delivery of critical care in India during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372095259
Author(s):  
Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Sheila Nainan Myatra ◽  
Meghena Mathew ◽  
Nirmalyo Lodh ◽  
Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Coronavirus disease 2019 cases in India continue to increase and are expected to peak over the next few weeks. Based on some projection models, India is expected to have more than 10 million cases by September 2020. The spectrum of disease can vary from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure requiring intensive care. Even if less than 5% of patients require critical care services, this will still rapidly overwhelm the healthcare system in a country, where intensive care services and resources are scarce and unevenly distributed. In this perspective article, we highlight the critical care preparedness of India for the pandemic and the associated challenges.

scholarly journals Two Different Life-Threatening Cases: Presenting with Torticollis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Alkan ◽  
Melike Emiroğlu ◽  
Ayşe Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cervical Muscles ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Spinal Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Acquired torticollis can be the result of several different pathological mechanisms. It is generally related to trauma, tumors, and inflammatory processes of the cervical muscles, nerves, and vertebral synovia. Although upper respiratory tract and neck inflammation are common causes of acute febrile torticollis in children, diseases with as yet undefined relationships may also result in torticollis. This is the case of spinal arachnoid cyst and pneumonia.

Primary Tuberculosis of pharynx-diagnostic difficulties, complications and treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Tika R. Adhikari ◽  
Rahmat Omar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Primary Tuberculosis ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Emergency Tracheostomy ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Primary tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract is extremely rare and poses a diagnostic challenge. Due to delay in diagnosis the disease may progress to life threatening airway compromise. Here we report a case of chronic granulomatous infection of the upper respiratory tract involving the oropharynx. Initial biopsy revealed acute on chronic inflammation with no epitheloid granuloma and no acid fast bacilli was found on Ziehl-Nielsen staining of the biopsy. As a result of delay in diagnosis the disease progressed to involve the soft palate, valopharyngeal isthmus, and supraglottis compromising the airway and needed emergency tracheostomy. Where there is strong clinical suspicion repeat biopsy should be performed. The life threatening complication of pharyngeal tuberculosis such as stenosis and adhesion leading to airway compromise can occur during the course of treatment and should be closely monitored . It can be managed effectively with radiofrequency uvulopalatoplasty as demonstrated in the case report.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic therapy of olfaction disroders induced by COVID-19 upper respiratory infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 561-565
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Min
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Olfactory Disorder ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Olfactory Training

Postviral olfactory disorder refers to the sensorineural olfactory loss caused by upper respiratory tract infections. With the increasing awareness of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction as a potential early symptom of coronavirus disease 2019, postviral olfactory disorder has been attracting much attention. Postviral olfactory disorder is the most common type of olfactory disorder, especially among women aged over 50 years. Systemic or topical corticosteroids have commonly been used for treating this disorder, but the mechanism of corticosteroid action is unclear. Other medical treatment options such as alpha-lipoic acids and caroverine that stimulate nerve growth factor expression or prevent glutamatergic neurotoxicity have also been used. Although these drugs have been found to be useful in the treatment of postviral olfactory disorder in previous studies, the efficacy has not been statistically proven through a meta-analysis. Recently, olfactory training has been introduced in the treatment strategy for postviral olfactory disorder. It is a safe option without side effects that can be used for treating olfactory disorders caused by upper respiratory tract infections. Further rigorous studies are needed to determine the efficacy of the combination of drug treatment and olfactory training.

scholarly journals Intranasal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans in mice produces nasal infection with rapid brain dissemination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Coelho ◽  
Emma Camacho ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Alexandre Alanio ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intranasal Infection ◽  
Brain Invasion ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an important fungal pathogen, causing life-threatening pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Brain dissemination of C. neoformans is thought to be a consequence of an active infection in the lung which then extravasates to other sites. Brain invasion results from dissemination via the bloodstream, either by free yeast cells in bloodstream or Trojan horse transport within mononuclear phagocytes. We assessed brain dissemination in three mouse models of infection: intravenous, intratracheal, and intranasal. All three modes of infection resulted in dissemination of C. neoformans to the brain in under 3 hours. Further, C. neoformans was detected in the entirety of the upper respiratory tract and the ear canals of mice. In recent years, intranasal infection has become a popular mechanism to induce pulmonary infection because it avoids surgery but our findings show that instillation of C. neoformans produces cryptococcal nasal infection. These findings imply that immunological studies using intranasal infection should assume the initial sites of infection of infection are brain, lung and upper respiratory tract, including the nasal airways.ImportanceCryptococcus neoformans causes an estimated 181, 000 deaths each year, mostly associated with untreated HIV/AIDS. C. neoformans has a ubiquitous worldwide distribution. Humans become infected from exposure to environmental sources and the fungus lays dormant within the human body. Upon immunosuppression, such as AIDS or therapy-induced as required by organ transplant recipients or autoimmune disease patients, cryptococcal disease reactivates and causes life-threatening meningitis and pneumonia. This study has detected that upon contact with the host, C. neoformans can quickly (a few hours) reach the host brain and will also colonize the nose of infected animals. Therefore, this work paves the way to better knowledge of how C. neoformans travels through the host body. Understanding how C. neoformans infects, disseminates and survives within the host is critically required so that we can prevent infections and the disease caused by this deadly fungus.

scholarly journals Reconstructive surgeries on the larynx and cervical trachea in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Razumovsky ◽  
D. N. Strizhova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Tracheal Resection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Endoluminal Surgery ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. One of the urgent problems in pediatric surgery and otorhinolaryngology is stenosis of the upper respiratory tract in children. Among many causes leading to airway narrowing , basic ones are: cicatricial stenosis, bilateral vocal cord paralysis and volumetric formations.Diagnostics. Currently, fibroscopy of the upper respiratory tract is a gold standard of this pathology examination.Methods. There are many surgical techniques to treat upper airway stenosis, but currently there is no any unified approach to the choice of surgical tactics. The given article presents an overview on modern techniques of reconstructive surgery which have demonstrated good and excellent results and a high percentage of decannulation. Among them, there are two basic ones - endoluminal surgery and open surgery. Recently, reports on the effectiveness of microsurgical interventions have been published , namely, reinnervation of the larynx to restore vocal cords. The most effective endoscopic surgeries in pediatrics are balloon dilation, bougienage and CO2- laser treatment. Patients with stenosis of stages III-IV, with extended stenosis, marked laryngomalacia, larynx and trachea deformity because of unsuccessful previous surgeries are recommended to have open reconstructive surgery. Laryngoplasty, laryngoplasty with T-tube and crico-tracheal resection are regarded as a choice option in case of ineffective previous surgeries.Conclusion. Thus, type of surgical intervention, indications and patient’s age for surgery are chosen individually for each patient with upper respiratory tract stenosis.

scholarly journals About diseases of the upper respiratory tract with rheumatism

1901 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-330
Author(s):  
E. B. Blumunau
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstracts. Internal diseases.E.B. Blumunau. About upper respiratory tract diseases in rheumatism . Doctor. 1901, no. 6.The author examines the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic toad, rheumatic affection of the larynx and anterior-arytenoid joint.The participation of the upper respiratory tract in the disease of rheumatism has been noted by Trousseau, Clark и Ogle, Legranere, Piponnier, Lesegue, Fernet, Ruos'омъ and others. connection of diseases of the pharynx with some common diseases (diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever).

scholarly journals Intranasal Inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice Produces Nasal Infection with Rapid Brain Dissemination

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Coelho ◽  
Emma Camacho ◽  
Antonio Salas ◽  
Alexandre Alanio ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intranasal Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Invasion ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is an important fungal pathogen, causing life-threatening pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Brain dissemination of C. neoformans is thought to be a consequence of an active infection in the lung which then extravasates to other sites. Brain invasion results from dissemination via either transport by free yeast cells in the bloodstream or Trojan horse transport within mononuclear phagocytes. We assessed brain dissemination in three mouse models of infection: intravenous, intratracheal, and intranasal models. All three modes of infection resulted in dissemination of C. neoformans to the brain in less than 3 h. Further, C. neoformans was detected in the entirety of the upper respiratory tract and the ear canals of mice. In recent years, intranasal infection has become a popular mechanism to induce pulmonary infection because it avoids surgery, but our findings show that instillation of C. neoformans produces cryptococcal nasal infection. These findings imply that immunological studies using intranasal infection should assume that the initial sites of infection of infection are brain, lung, and upper respiratory tract, including the nasal airways. IMPORTANCE Cryptococcus neoformans causes an estimated 181, 000 deaths each year, mostly associated with untreated HIV/AIDS. C. neoformans has a ubiquitous worldwide distribution. Humans become infected from exposure to environmental sources, after which the fungus lays dormant within the human body. Upon AIDS-induced immunosuppression or therapy-induced immunosuppression (required for organ transplant recipients or those suffering from autoimmune disorders), cryptococcal disease reactivates and causes life-threatening meningitis and pneumonia. This study showed that upon contact with the host, C. neoformans can quickly (a few hours) reach the host brain and also colonizes the nose of infected animals. Therefore, this work paves the way to better knowledge of how C. neoformans travels through the host body. Understanding how C. neoformans infects, disseminates, and survives within the host is critically required so that we can prevent infections and the disease caused by this deadly fungus.

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