scholarly journals Occurrence and significance of folic acid

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Cieślik ◽  
Iwona Cieślik
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractFolic acid is a naturally occurring pteridine, which was originally isolated from plants. Folic acid (pteroyl-glutamic acid) is composed of pteridine (6-methylptero), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and glutamic acid. Folic acid (folacin) is a compound of major importance for the proper functioning of the human body. Its adequate supply is essential for the proper course of many biochemical processes in the body, including the process of neural tube closure in the fetus, DNA and amino acid synthesis, growth of red blood cells, and the function of the nervous system. Folic acid is a compound of a high sensitivity to physical and chemical factors, and its bioavailability is limited by interactions with multiple food components. Therefore, folate deficiency is one of the most common deficiencies. This paper presents the structure and characteristics of folic acid as a pteridine, it also discusses dietary sources of folate and the effects of its deficiency.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes in the ornithine cycle and amino acid synthesis in sheep liver with different meat productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. s632-s645
Author(s):  
Tetiana Prylipko ◽  
Tetiana Koval ◽  
Volodymyr Kostash ◽  
Volodymyr Tkachuk ◽  
Alina Shuliar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Liver Homogenates

The aim of the research was to study the ornithine cycle as the process of fixing ammonia and the formation of urea in the body of highly productive animals. In our experiments, we used a protein-deficient diet and urea as a nitrogen substitute for nitrogen-containing materials in the diet to reveal the mechanism of action of urea on animals, in particular on the biochemical processes of the ornithine cycle. There are some differences between Bukovinian sheep of the Askanian meat-wool breed and outbreds in terms of the ability to build muscle tissue. Our study reveals that the slaughter yield and the average daily gain consumption of Bukovinian-type meat of the Askanian meat-wool breed were higher in summer and in autumn, compare with purebred sheep. Sheep of the Bukovynian type of Askanian meat-wool breed have the intensity of enzymatic formation of urea in liver homogenates that is much higher in all experiments than in outbred sheep. A sharp drop in the activity of all stages of urea formation and glutamic acid synthesis in liver homogenates and significantly weakened urea formation was found in all experiments of the fourth series in comparison with the experiments in the third series. Increased muscle growth, high nitrogen deposition, and a much lower percentage of urinary excretion of ammonia and urea nitrogen, as well as higher activity of enzymes of the ornithine cycle and glutamic acid synthesis in the Bukovinian sheep type of Askanian meat-wool breed compared to outbreeds allow concluding that ammonia and urea in highly productive animals act less as finishing products of nitrogen metabolism than in low-productive animals.

scholarly journals Microbial amino acid synthesis and utilization in rats: the role of coprophagy

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Torrallardona ◽  
C. Ian Harris ◽  
Malcolm F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Four rats were housed in cages with mesh floors; another four rats were housed in tubular anti-coprophagy cages, in which they could not turn round to reach their own faeces. Both groups were fed for 6 d on a low-protein diet containing fermentable carbohydrates and 15NH4Cl. At the end of the experiment the rats were killed and their carcasses were homogenized, lysine was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and its 15N enrichment measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The 15N enrichment in the lysine of the microbial fraction of faeces and the total amount of lysine in the body were also determined in order to estimate the amount of microbial lysine absorbed. The 15N enrichment in body lysine of non-coprophagic rats was not different from that previously measured in rats given unlabelled NH4Cl, but in coprophagic rats it was significantly higher. The daily absorption of microbial lysine by the coprophagic rats accounted for 20·7 (SE 2·55) mg/kg body weight0·75 but was only 0·5 (SE 1·04) mg/kg body weight0·75 for the non-coprophagic rats. This value was not significantly different from zero. The utilization of microbial amino acids via coprophagy resulted in a higher weight gain (adjusted for intake) in the coprophagic group (15·5 g/6 d) than in the non-coprophagic rats (3·1 g/6 d). It was concluded that, in rats, the utilization of microbial lysine occurred exclusively via coprophagy.

Evidence for thermal stability of ribosomal DNA sequences in hydrothermal-vent organisms

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Dixon ◽  
R. Simpson-White ◽  
L. R. J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Major Structural Component ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper reports the results of experiments designed to investigate the relationship between thermal stability of DNA and the physical and chemical conditions experienced by various species of invertebrates, with particular reference to hydrothermal vent organisms. The major conclusion is that thermal stability correlates positively with environmental temperature within the DNA regions encoding ribosomal RNA, but not throughout the genome. Increased thermal stability (based it is supposed on an increase in G-C content) of rDNA relative to total DNA confers protection to coding sequences which would otherwise be susceptible to damage during transcription. An increase in G-C content of rDNA will lead to an increase in G-C levels in rRNA which forms a major structural component of ribosomes, thus conferring increased thermal and chemical stability to these sites of amino acid synthesis within the cell.

scholarly journals Microbial amino acid synthesis and utilization in rats: incorporation of15N from15NH4Cl into lysine in the tissues of germ-free and conventional rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Torrallardona ◽  
C. Ian Harris ◽  
Marie E. Coates ◽  
Malcolm F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Measurement Artifact ◽  
Protein Free Diet

The absorption of lysine synthesised by the gastrointestinal microflora was estimated by comparing the15N incorporated into body lysine in four germ-free (15N-GF) and four conventional (15N-CV) rats. They were fed for 10d on a protein-free diet containing fermentable carbohydrates and15NHM4Cl; another four conventional rats (control), fed on the same diet but with unlabelled NH4Cl, were used to estimate the natural abundance of15N. The eviscerated carcass of each rat was homogenized and a sample hydrolysed. Lysine was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and its15N enrichment was measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The15N-CV rats significantly incorporated15N into their body lysine. The15N-GF rats had a statistically significant, although small, incorporation of15body lysine, probably arising from a measurement artifact. It was concluded, therefore, that all [15N]lysine was of microbial origin. The total lysine content in the body and the15N enrichment of lysine in the microbial fraction of the faeces of the15N-CV rats were also determined. The amount of microbial lysine absorbed by the15N-CV rats was estimated by dividing the total amount of [15N]lysine in the body by the enrichment of microbial lysine. It was estimated that the daily absorption of microbial lysine by the conventional rats was 21·3 (SE 2·04) mg/kg body weight0·75

scholarly journals FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE FOLIC ACID MOLECULE

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM D. SPIES ◽  
GUILLERMO GARCIA LOPEZ ◽  
ROBERT E. STONE ◽  
FERNANDO MILANES ◽  
ROBERT O. BRANDENBURG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Macrocytic Anemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis ◽  
Great Specificity ◽  
Pteroic Acid

Abstract Methyl folic acid,2 N-(4-(4-quinazoline) amino) benzoyl)-glutamic acid, the Mg salt of formyl pteroyl glutamic acid, the Mg salt of formyl pteroic acid, pteroyl aspartic acid, oxyfolic acid and oxypteroic acid have been studied as to their effect on blood regeneration in selected cases of Addisonian pernicious anemia, nutritional macrocytic anemia and tropical sprue. In the amounts administered, only the Mg salt of formyl pteroyl glutamic acid was effective in producing reticulocytosis and an increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets, and it was not as effective per unit of weight as was folic acid per se. Presumably this compound is slowly changed into folic acid in the body. It is of special interest that the Mg salt of formyl pteroic acid (Streptococcus lactis factor) was negative in producing hemopoiesis. These observations show the very great specificity of the folic acid molecule.

scholarly journals Globalizations Consequences, before and after COVID-19 Attack according to the Theory of Functional Equivalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Oleg Avilov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Equivalence Theory ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Research background: According to our theory, any need (imbalance) is excess of information, physical and chemical factors that arise in the course of life activities and cannot be eliminated by the body itself without the risk for the health. Satisfying the needs is a search of “channels” for establishing equivalence that is changed number of the mentioned factors for transforming their excess into strictly equivalent functional and structural changes in the organism. Globalization makes it faster. The indicator of that equivalence is established is decreasing of the stress level accompanied by positive emotions in the person. Purpose of the article: The meaning of economic activity is not the achievement of any economic indicators, but the receipt of positive emotions in producers and consumers. Both production and consumption can be “channels” of establishing equivalence. With the COVID-19 epidemic, the possibilities of establishing equivalence at an optimal pace are significantly reduced. Methods: The economic and social phenomena observed in society before and after the COVID-19 attack have been analyzed in terms of the basic concepts of functional equivalence theory. Findings and Value added: Globalization can help to find “channels” for establishing equivalence more quickly through increased opportunities for consumption and production. The limitations of COVID-19 have led to greater imbalances among the populations of many countries without the capacity to reduce them. Constant stress can lead to depression, suicides, antisocial behavior. Ways to prevent these phenomena have been suggested.

scholarly journals An Ideal Folate: Myth or Reality?

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
V.A. Mikhailyukova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Personalized Approach

Objective of the Review: To assess the benefits and risks of using various doses and forms of folic acid as part of pre-conception care and during pregnancy. Key Points: Folic acid (vitamin B9) is known to be an essential microelement, required for DNA replication and several enzyme reactions in amino acid synthesis and metabolism of vitamins. During pregnancy folate requirements rise. According to Order No. 572n of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, dated November 1, 2012, women should receive folic acid starting in the pre-conception period at doses not exceeding 400 μg/day. A pregnant woman’s folate status is critical for the prevention of folate-associated birth defects and for the baby’s postnatal development. There is still some controversy about the advantages of different forms of folates, the safety of low and high folate doses, the duration of treatment, and the benefits of folates compared with multivitamins. Conclusion: Currently, there is no doubt that women should receive vitamin-mineral products containing folic acid as part of their preconception care and during pregnancy. There is a need, however, for a formal federal protocol for pre-conception care that will guide the use of vitamin-mineral products containing various forms of folates and describe a personalized approach to micronutrient support for various categories of women, including its composition, doses, and duration. Keywords: folates, folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, pregnant women, newborns, disorders of pregnancy, Femibion Natalcare.

Experience in a comparative study of immunobiological reactions in the tbc clinic

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 992-998
Author(s):  
N. M. Zakharov ◽  
N. P. Kudryashov ◽  
M. I. Aksyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colloidal Structure ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Disease Experience ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Day By Day

In recent years, tbc clinic began to make wide use of chemical and biological analyses, trying to find in them an objective assessment of the pathological processes occurring in the body. Physical examination methods alone, including radiological data, are not able to give a complete picture of the dynamics of the tbc process and be sufficient for understanding the immuno-biological essence of the disease. Experience in the application of tuberculin reactions and along with it the methods of colloid and physical chemistry is expanding day by day. The attention of researchers is rushing to the study of the colloidal structure of blood, its enzymes, as well as other physical and chemical factors that can characterize the vital processes occurring in the organism of tbc patient.

ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Amino Acid Synthesis. Preparation of the γ-Anion Derived from Glutamic Acid.

ChemInform ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. BALDWIN ◽  
M. NORTH ◽  
A. FLINN ◽  
M. G. MOLONEY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis
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