Impact of Environmental Exposure on Historical Building Materials in the Archaeological Cellar of Our Lady’s Basilica in Tongeren (B)

Abstract An archaeological cellar has been excavated under the Basilica of Our Lady in Tongeren, as part of an extensive restoration and revitalization campaign that started in 1999, Figure 1. The cellar will enable to descend to the early Roman history of the site under and surrounding the basilica. The excavation and construction of the archaeological cellar were finished in 2007. After that the air-conditioning system and the accessibility of the cellar were installed In successive phases. At present, the integration of the archaeological cellar under the basilica with the archaeological field around the basilica is under construction. Building in the large cellar under the complete church without endangering the stability of the building was a complex construction work, as explained further in the paper. The project was realized in successive phases, to enable continuous use of the church for services as well as its accessibility as pilgrimage site. After the construction of the cellar, the focus shifted to the conservation of the archaeological remains in view of the future (touristic) exploitation of the cellar. In view of that, climate control in the cellar is crucial. The foundation footings and walls have been covered underground during centuries, and are now suddenly exposed to an inside environment with higher temperatures and lower humidity. The climate control measures during the construction works are presented, as well as the performance of the final permanent climate control installation. The specific consolidation and conservation works on the foundation masonries are profoundly discussed.

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Mortar mixes with oxblood: historical background, model sample recipes and properties

Advances in Geosciences ◽

10.5194/adgeo-45-19-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kun Zhang ◽

Laura Rampazzi ◽

Maria Pia Riccardi ◽

Antonio Sansonetti ◽

Alberto Grimoldi

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Historical Background ◽

Organic Additives ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽

Historical Building ◽

Model Sample ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Architecture ◽

History Of Use

Abstract. In this survey we present studies on mortar mixes added with oxblood, which was a commonly found local waste material, with a wide application and long history of use; a precise recipe of lime–pozzolan mortar with blood addition from a 19th-century Italian manual was chosen, and model samples were prepared accordingly, with the aim of better understanding the chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of such compositions, starting with a blank reference specimen. The specimens were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, and the results suggested that amorphous calcium carbonate could be formed in the specimens with oxblood addition. These preliminary results allow a better understanding of historical building practices, measuring effects induced by organic additives on mortar microstructure, as well as an evaluation of new performances obtained in mortar mixes. Moreover, this paper intends to propose a full multi-discipline approach to bridge the history of architecture and building materials to conservation science.

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MERGING GEOMETRIC DOCUMENTATION WITH MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORY OF THE HOLY AEDICULE IN THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE IN JERUSALEM

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w1-487-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽

pp. 487-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Georgopoulos ◽

E. Lambrou ◽

G. Pantazis ◽

P. Agrafiotis ◽

A. Papadaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

History Of ◽

Diagnostic Research ◽

Characterization Of Materials ◽

Non Destructive ◽

The Church

The National Technical University of Athens undertook the compilation of an "Integrated Diagnostic Research Project and Strategic Planning for Materials, Interventions Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem". This paper focuses on the work merging the geometric documentation with the characterization of materials, the identification of building phases and the diagnosis of decay and pathology through the use of analytical and non-destructive techniques. Through this integrated approach, i.e. through the documentation and characterization of the building materials, through the diagnosis of decay and pathology, through the accurate geometric documentation of the building and through the non-destructive prospection of its internal structure, it was feasible to identify the construction phases of the Holy Aedicule, identifying the remnants of the preserved earlier constructions and the original monolithic Tomb. This work, thus, demonstrates that the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach for integrated documentation is a powerful tool for a better understanding of monuments, both in terms of its structural integrity, as well as in terms of its state of preservation, both prerequisites for effective rehabilitation.

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Improving the Efficiency of Non-Stationary Climate Control in Buildings with a Non-Constant Stay of People by Using Porous Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2307

Author(s):

Alexander Shkarovskiy ◽

Shirali Mamedov

Keyword(s):

Structural Material ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Porous Materials ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Building Materials ◽

Climate Control ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Foam Polystyrene ◽

The Stability

This article presents the results of experimental research on the non-stationary management of the internal climate of buildings with a non-constant stay of people. During the absence of people, a significant drop in air temperature and corresponding energy conservation in heating is possible. The effectiveness of porous building materials is shown, provided that the appropriate characteristics are selected. Daily fluctuations in the outside temperature are completely extinguished by a layer of foam polystyrene insulation. The absence of channel porosity in the structural material of the wall is a guarantee of the stability of its thermal and humidity regime. This, in turn, prevents the development of mold and mildew.

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DRY MIXTURES AND MIXING EQUIPMENT FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after V G Shukhov ◽

10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-12-145-150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

Y. Fadin ◽

O. Shemetova

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mixing Process ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

High Quality ◽

Main Indicator ◽

History Of ◽

The Creation ◽

The Stability

Today’s economic situation creates conditions for revising the existing base of materials and raw materials in construction, as well as for transforming and using it in the future. One of the ways to achieve this goal is the creation of new types of building materials, more effective and low in the price category compared to the classic ones. Dry building mixtures belongs to such materials. The high quality of dry building mixes is guaranteed by the stability of their composition and the properties of the ingredients used. Saving time when using high-quality dry building mixes will allow to get an irreproachable end result. A necessary component in the manufacture of dry building mixtures is the mixing process, which includes the preparation of raw materials, dosing and the distribution of chemical additives. The main indicator of the quality of the finished product in the production of dry mixes is its uniformity. Therefore, special attention is paid to the mixing section in the production line. The variety of bulk materials and their properties contributes to the creation of various types of mixers for high-quality mixing of components. The article discusses the history of the emergence of dry building mixes and mixing equipment for production.

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The history of rescuing reinforcement and the preliminary study of preventive protection system for the cliff of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, China

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00537-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xudong Wang ◽

Yanwu Wang ◽

Qinglin Guo ◽

Qiangqiang Pei ◽

Guojing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Research Evaluation ◽

Control Measures ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Mogao Grottoes ◽

Practical Engineering ◽

History Of ◽

The Stability ◽

Hierarchy Process

AbstractBased on the research results and practical engineering experience pertaining to the protection and reinforcement of the cliff of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, China, this paper presents a method that is mainly based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the preservation state and risk of the Mogao cliff, a means that numerical simulation was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the stability and effectiveness of protective measures for the Mogao cliff, a set of reinforcement methods which integrate the key protection techniques based on propping, anchoring, grouting, and anti-weathering and the quality control measures based on assessing their effectiveness for surrounding rocks of the grottoes, and a set of methods for monitoring and warning based on risk theory throughout the entire reinforcement process. The four above-mentioned techniques complement and support with each other, and every stage is based on research. Additionally, the protection and reinforcement concepts implemented at the Mogao cliff are summarized in this paper. Finally, preventive protection and reinforcement techniques for sandy conglomerate grottoes were established based on the research, evaluation, calculation, and monitoring. The techniques presented in this paper can be used as a theoretical foundation and provide technical guidance for the protection and reinforcement of similar cultural heritage sites all over the world.

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Gloucestershire

Camden Fourth Series ◽

10.1017/s0068690500005900 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 225-246

Keyword(s):

Health And Safety ◽

History Of ◽

The Stability ◽

The Church

267 Gift in free alms by Empress Matilda, daughter of King Henry and lady of the English, to Reading Abbey, for the souls of among others her father and mother, King Henry I and Queen Matilda, anf for the health and safety of among others her husband (dominus), Geoffrey duke of Normandy, and for the stability and peace of the kingdom of England, of the church of Berkeley with its appurtenances, viz., what the clerks there have, churches, chapels and tithes appurtenant to it[1144 x 47]A f 15v; B f 19r–vPd. Regesta, iii. 259 (no. 702)Testibus: Roberto comite Gloecestr(ie), et Unfr(edo) de Buhun dapifero, et lohanne filio Gisleberti, et Willelmo Diffublato, et Gocelino Baillolo. Apud Divisas.After Geoffrey became duke of Normandy, 23 Apr. 1144, and before the death of Robert, earl of Gloucester, 31 Oct. 1147. Cartulary A notes another charter by the same concerning the same. The history of the churches of Berkeley and its Hernesse in Stephen's reign is beset with complications (see B. R. Kemp, ‘The churches of Berkeley Hernesse’, Trans. Bristol and Glos. Archaeol. Soc, lxxxvii (1968), 96–110), but it is likely that this gift did not originate with the Empress but with Queen Adeliza and her clerk, Serlo (see nos. 268, 270).

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Wooden sacral architecture in Greater Poland. An interdisciplinary case study of the church in Domachowo

Archaeologia Historica Polona ◽

10.12775/ahp.2020.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 175-197

Author(s):

Artur Różański ◽

Tomasz Jurek ◽

Piotr Marciniak ◽

Patrycja Łobodzińska ◽

Ulrich Schaaf

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Research Problem ◽

Scientific Disciplines ◽

Church Building ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Architecture ◽

Methodological Problems ◽

The Church

Sacred wooden architecture in Poland is a huge and still unrecognised research problem. It covers a number of issues of interdisciplinary character: from the properties of building materials and carpentry techniques, through constructionand architectural-spatial solutions, to cultural and natural conditions. Hence, the best way to study this problem is interdisciplinary research. The necessity of cooperation of representatives of various scientific disciplines became the basis for creating a team to study the wooden church of St Michael the Archangel in Domachowo, so far dated to 1568. As researchers representing various disciplines (including archaeology, history, art history, history of architecture, architecture, architectural conservation), we cite sources and research that allow us to formulate a thesis that the past of the Domachowo church dates back to the 14th century. Moreover, we present the research and methodological problems inscribed in the aforementioned church building, understood as a whole. Such a multifaceted approach allows us to redefine the current knowledge about the church in Domachowo.

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