scholarly journals Characteristics and Drivers of the Swiss “Job Miracle”

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Siegenthaler ◽  
Michael Graff ◽  
Massimo Mannino
Keyword(s):  
Real Wage ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Very High

AbstractSwitzerland’s employment growth since the early 2000s was very high in both historical and international perspective, despite solid real wage increases and only moderate GDP growth. Yet, the reasons for the remarkable creation of jobs are largely unknown. We aim at filling this gap by studying the underlying characteristics and drivers of the Swiss “job miracle”. We first outline the characteristics of the “job miracle” and show that the observed job growth correlates with a substantial increase in the labor intensity of economic activity. We then discuss five potential drivers of the unprecedented employment growth, which are consistent with the facts. Our empirical results suggest that immigration was the key factor in explaining the “job miracle” as it raised local demand and thereby triggered the creation of additional jobs.

Denmark

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Very High ◽  
Institutional Fragmentation

Denmark stood out in international perspective by maintaining very high top tax rates on labor and high and progressive taxation of capital. This chapter discusses how the organization of economic expertise in Denmark contributed to the limited extent of market–conforming tax reform. Unlike the strong and concentrated position of economists in Norway in the postwar period, economic knowledge in the Danish state was scattered across a number of bodies. A consequence of the institutional fragmentation of economic expertise was that neoclassical economic thinking failed to break through within the Danish finance bureaucracy. This weakened the agenda for efficiency–oriented tax reform and allowed political parties to define the direction for tax policy in the 1990s and 2000s.

The Location of Employment Growth after 1978: The Surprising Significance of Dispersed Centres

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Job Growth

Despite the overwhelming importance of job loss in labour markets in Great Britain since 1979, and the growth of unemployment everywhere, it has come to light that a proportion of areas enjoyed net job gains when recession was at its worst. Contrary to common assertion, these areas lay not entirely in the Home Counties or eastern Scotland, but included examples in most regions (for example, Exeter, York). A common denominator of many of these changes lies in relative shifts towards grade 3A service centres in the production of services. This pattern also prompts the need for thorough stocktaking over the location of elements of job growth, and the methodological implications of new sectoral patterns of growth, which continue to be represented sharply in official estimates at regional level to 1985.

China's economy may slow again later this year

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Financial Regulations ◽  
China’S Economy

Subject The macroeconomic outlook for China. Significance Despite fears of a slowdown, China has kept up GDP growth of 6.8% year-on-year for three successive quarters. However, key measures of economic activity have weakened, and tensions are escalating with the United States over trade and technology. Impacts A swathe of new financial regulations and high-profile arrests will likely continue in 2018. Negotiations are likely to alleviate the immediate pressure from Washington, but underlying concerns over the tech sector will continue. A recently announced sweeping government reorganisation will be implemented, helping to tackle financial and environmental risks.

Russian arms procurement faces fiscal constraints

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Russian Military

Subject Russian defence spending and procurement. Significance The recent shift in government spending towards social and economic development is being achieved without upsetting strict budgetary discipline, but defence and security expenditure is declining as a share of GDP. Limited procurement plans make life more challenging for the defence industry than for nearly a decade. Impacts Defence firms will find it hard to export weapon types that the Russian military does not want. The GDP growth boost of 2018 is likely to give way to growth of around 1.0-1.5% in 2019, as tax rises dampen economic activity. Higher-than-projected oil prices might allow some surplus budgetary funds to be used to top up planned defence spending commitments.

Promoting SMEs and Enhancing Labor Productivity in Singapore: A Policy Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1440012
Author(s):  
Khee Giap Tan ◽  
Yan Yi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Potential Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Performance Challenges

While Singapore has been doing well in terms of cross-country per capita income comparisons and in terms of overall employment growth, it has been a laggard when it comes to labor productivity and this concern is more serious for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this context, this paper first identifies the sources of gross domestic product (GDP) growth and simulates different scenarios pertaining to the potential GDP which the economy can achieve given the level of required productivity based on some employment-growth assumptions. Further, the paper reevaluates the performance, challenges and opportunities for SMEs as well as suggests several policy strategies as to how SMEs can synergize and be more competitive moving forward.

The Quest for Fairness in Australian Minimum Wages

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Healy
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
National System ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Worthy Goal ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Over Time

The attainment of ‘fairness’ is widely regarded as a worthy goal of setting minimum wages, but opinions differ sharply over how to achieve it. This article examines how interpretations of fairness shaped the minimum wage decisions of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission between 1997 and 2005. It explores the Commission's approaches to three aspects of fairness in minimum wages: first, eligibility for increases; second, the form of increase; and third, the rate of increase over time. The Australian Industrial Relations Commission consistently gave minimum wage increases that were expressed in dollar values and applied to all federal awards. Its decisions delivered real wage increases for the lowest paid, but led to falls in real and relative wages for the majority of award-reliant workers. Fair Work Australia, the authority now responsible for setting minimum wages in the national system, appears apprehensive about parts of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission's legacy and has foreshadowed a different approach, particularly with respect to the form of adjustment.

scholarly journals Trends in Women’s Employment and Poverty Rates in OECD Countries: A Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rense Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Wim Van Lancker ◽  
Diego Collado ◽  
Bea Cantillon
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Very High ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Although employment growth is propagated as being crucial to reduce poverty across EU and OECD countries, the actual impact of employment growth on poverty rates is still unclear. This study presents novel estimates of the association between macro-level trends in women’s employment and trends in poverty, across 15 OECD countries from 1971 to 2013. It does so based on over 2 million household-level observations from the LIS Database, using Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca (KBO) decompositions. The results indicate that an increase of 10% points in women’s employment rate was associated with a reduction of about 1% point of poverty across these countries. In part, this reduction compensated for developments in men’s employment that were associated with higher poverty. However, in the Nordic countries no such poverty association was found, as in these countries women’s employment rates were very high and stable throughout the observation period. In countries that initially showed marked increases in women’s employment, such as the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Canada, and the United States, the initial increases in women’s employment rates were typically followed by a period in which these trends levelled off. Hence, our findings first and foremost suggest that improving gender equality in employment is associated with lower poverty risks. Yet, the results also suggest that the potential of following an employment strategy to (further) reduce poverty in OECD countries has, to a large extent, been depleted.

scholarly journals Topical symbols of Kyiv as a tourism brand

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 1238-1251
Author(s):  
Illia Afanasiev ◽  
Lesia Ustymenko ◽  
Oksana Malynovska ◽  
Valentyn Stafiichuk ◽  
Nataliia Bulhakova
Keyword(s):  
Place Branding ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Factor Of Influence ◽  
Very High

The attention to branding, from theorists as well as from practitioners, had been remained at a very high level for the 2000s and 2010s. There many new branches of branding theory have emerged, and place branding was among them. Actually, place branding has become an umbrella term, a generic definition for three areas of study and practice: nation branding, region branding, and city branding. Every year, new scientific, journalistic, business articles and books on place branding emerge, there are even several specialized periodicals devoted to this field of branding. This study aims to identify the most relevant and effective symbol of the Ukrainian capital city Kyiv (Kiev) as a tourism brand. Questionnaire surveys and the content analysis of literature and mass media are used. Key segments and sub-segments of the target audience of Kyiv tourism branding are determined, as well as the key factor of influence on the formation of the opinion regarding the tourism symbols of Kyiv. The most common popular symbol is compared with the real resources of the city. Thus, a set of relevances is found appropriate for the development of effective branding of Kyiv.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Average Monthly Real Pay of Corporate Employees in Irkutsk Oblast in Terms of Types of Economic Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Evgeniia Baldynova ◽  
Svetlana Malyutina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Irkutsk Oblast ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Real ◽  
Monetary Compensation

The rate of salary and remuneration as monetary compensation for labour depends on many factors that can be combined into the following groups: territorial, organizational and legal, gender, professional and educational, etc. The article examines the dependence of the average monthly real wage on the type of economic activity. In addition, the authors study the dynamics and degree of variation of the average monthly real wages in terms of types of economic activity in Irkutsk Oblast. Having analyzed the real average monthly wages by types of economic activity, the authors categorized them into several groups according to their scale.

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