Nacht, from Arnold Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire: a perspective from the ArtSong Theory on the text-music relationships and its unfoldings

The cycle of melodramas Pierrot Lunaire op. 21 was written and premiered in 1912 and is one of the capital works of Schoenberg’s output as well as of the vocal music in the twentieth-century music. In this article we examine Nacht, the eighth melodrama, first of the second part, due to its relationships on text-music as a factor of influence in the perception and performance of the work. And we also examine the numerical relations that were so dear to the composer.

Topical symbols of Kyiv as a tourism brand

The attention to branding, from theorists as well as from practitioners, had been remained at a very high level for the 2000s and 2010s. There many new branches of branding theory have emerged, and place branding was among them. Actually, place branding has become an umbrella term, a generic definition for three areas of study and practice: nation branding, region branding, and city branding. Every year, new scientific, journalistic, business articles and books on place branding emerge, there are even several specialized periodicals devoted to this field of branding. This study aims to identify the most relevant and effective symbol of the Ukrainian capital city Kyiv (Kiev) as a tourism brand. Questionnaire surveys and the content analysis of literature and mass media are used. Key segments and sub-segments of the target audience of Kyiv tourism branding are determined, as well as the key factor of influence on the formation of the opinion regarding the tourism symbols of Kyiv. The most common popular symbol is compared with the real resources of the city. Thus, a set of relevances is found appropriate for the development of effective branding of Kyiv.

“Privilege” Factor in Economic Policy of Bolsheviks and Kronstadt Rebellion

The influence of the Kronstadt mutiny (March 1921) on the change in the economic course of the Bolsheviks is analyzed. The results of a comparative analysis of different conceptual approaches to its interpretation as a factor of influence are presented. The authors consider the food dictatorship to be the fundamental principle of war communism, periodically softened by campaigns to endow workers with “privileges” in the form of the right to transport food; contemporaries talked about “benefits”. An overview of events, which allows us to consider “privileges” as the main factor in the activation of illegal market relations in 1918—1921is provided in the article. Its novelty lies in the attribution of the Kronstadt mutiny as an essential reason for the transition of the Leninist leadership not to the NEP, but to the next “privileged” operation. At the same time, the authors of the article argue that the accumulation of concessions (“privileges”), accelerated by the rebellion, led in August 1921 to the legalization of freedom of trade and to the NEP. Great attention is paid to the issue of the social basis of the mutiny, since, among other things, the authors see the sources of fearlessness and despair of the insurgents in this circumstance. A. Davydov and V. Khutsieva prove that the rebels primarily acted on behalf of that part of the peasantry that managed to save their bread from the Bolshevik requisitions.

AHP-DEMATEL Based Research on the Influencing Factors of the Daily Maintenance Costs of China's National and Provincial Trunk Highways

Highway maintenance is equally crucial across borders; this paper first conducts statistics and case study research on daily federal and provincial highway maintenance costs in China's principal influencing factors. Finally, it looks at those results with the tools of AHP-DEMAT. Yet, the overall degree of influence of each factor of influence is collected to classify the significant influence factors. The results found that: the main factors influencing the daily maintenance costs of national and provincial trunk highways are: highway grade, traffic flow, service life, structure type, topography, pavement thickness, and pavement width; the influence of climate factors on costs can be adequately considered when formulating standards for daily maintenance costs for provinces/regions with a broad geographic range.

Cognitive dissonance as factor of influence in American courtroom discourse

The article reveals the specificity of cognitive dissonance in courtroom discourse as one of the mechanisms of communicative influence on the recipients. Two types of the phenomenon in question are grounded: dissonance caused by real-life facts, which include the nature of the crime itself, and dissonance artificially created by the prosecutor and the defense lawyer to persuasively influence the jury and the judge. Common is the use of a narrative as a persuasive, arousing the associative activity of the recipients by contrasting the axiological features of the concepts; combining elements of rational and emotional communicative influence. Distinctive features include the communicative strategies and tactics used by speakers and the choice of concepts around which communicative influence is modeled. The speeches of the prosecutor and the defense lawyer represent a kind of battle of narratives and a contest of cognitive dissonance. The research results in the following findings: the narrative that not only causes cognitive dissonance but also implicitly presents a way to overcome psychological discomfort and harmonize elements of the cognitive structure in the minds of the recipients wins.

The influence of roman law on the formation and development of the romano-germanic legal family

The purpose of the present work is to analyze the little-studied aspects of the influence of Roman law on the formation and establishment of modern legal systems related to the Romano-Germanic legal family. The author conducts a historical and dialectical analysis of the formation of the sources of Roman law, makes assumptions about their origin, and highlights the specifics of some of them. Legal reception has been considered separately as the main factor of influence of Roman law on the creation and formation of the law of the states of the Romano-Germanic legal family. It has been concluded that it is necessary to harmonize the sources of national law with the requirements of Roman law, the hypothesis has been proved that it was the qualitative characteristics of Roman law that served as the main reason for its reception by the states of the Romano-Germanic legal family.

FACTOR OF INFLUENCE IN NORMATIVE THEORIES OF JOURNALISM

The purposeof the article is to determine whether the information of any media messages received by recipients may not affect them.Research methods: a) modeling (to reproduce the information processingof messagesby recipients); b) logical method (to prove the thesis); c) comparison (to compare the obtained result with the literature data).Resultsof the research. Modern so-called normative theories of journalism (authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, Soviet totalitarian) assumethat journalists, news agencies and the media should only "inform", but in no way influence the recipients. In this regard, there are such types of influence as energy, information and psychological. Then, based on the basic tenets of cybernetics, physics, information theory, mathematical statistics and psychology, the method of logical proof concludes that any messages perceived by recipients have all three types of influence on them, which can not beavoided.Conclusions.1. Any information perceived by recipients affects them energetically, informationally and psychologically. 2. In modern so-called normative theories of journalism, the provision that information providers (journalists, news agencies, mass media) are obliged only to "inform" recipients, without exerting any influence on them, should be considered erroneous. Therefore, in this segment, the relevant provisions of these theories of journalism require proper correction. 3. Instead, in theories of journalism, and more broadly -the media, it is correct to say that the impact of messages depends on the type of communication, growing in the direction from journalism to public relations, advertising, propaganda and information wars.

Monitoring of mineral nitrogen concentration as a possible factor of influence on the results of valvometry of mussel kept in non-flow conditions with food deficiency

We investigated changes in the content of mineral forms of nitrogen formed as a result of mussel vital activity in non-flow conditions under favorable temperature and aeration, but with food deficiency, as a possible factor influencing mussel flap movement and valvometry results. A laboratory 11-day experiment was carried out with mussels 24–26 mm long. The dry weight of their soft tissues was about 35 mg. The experiment consisted of five exposures lasting 17-67 h. The mussels were kept in 3-liter vessels with 3 individuals in each, feeding only on the natural food available in this volume of water. In parallel, vessels with aerated water without mussels in them were exposed. Ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations were measured at the beginning (i.e., in fresh seawater from the Sevastopol coastal zone) and at the end of each exposure. It was determined that, compared to the initial level at the end of the exposures, on average, the content of ammonium in vessels with mussels increased by 250%, nitrite – by 25%, and nitrate – did not change. In vessels without mussels, the content of ammonium, on average, decreased by 250 %, changes in the level of nitrite and nitrate corresponded to changes in the concentration of these nitrogen forms in vessels with mussels. The greatest variability was characteristic of the final values of ammonium concentration, in some exposures it could increase by 700 %. However, the maximum value of ammonium content during the experiment reached only 21, 7 μg N/l, which is two orders of magnitude lower than its MPC level for marine fishery objects. It follows from the obtained data that in experiments with mussels kept in non-flow conditions with food deficiency, the probability of the effect of ammonium excreted by them, as well as of products of its further biological oxidation on valvometry results is not high.