Historical Development of Analytical Methods for Anti-Doping Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Emilija Stojanović ◽  
Dragan Radovanović
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Biotechnology Products ◽  
International Scientific Cooperation

AbstractAlthough the fight against the use of doping in sport has been going on for almost 90 years, its effects have become tangible in the last 45 years only, thanks to the use of valid and sensitive analytical methods. Historically, extensive international scientific cooperation and technological progress have laid down the basis for the development of high quality doping control laboratories worldwide. New biotechnology products are constantly being discovered and are made available on the doping market, so that anti-doping approaches must be raised to a higher level, and analytical methods must be constantly improved and refined, since it has bacome obvious that to some extent they lag behind new sophisticated doping agents. However, all the methods must first be scientifically proven and tested in order to be adequately used against doping in sport. If the technology and systematic use of the latest scientific anti-doping knowledge continue to develop and advance, it will greatly contribute to the development of analytical methods.

A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tibolone: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations Analysis and Application in Doping Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Marilene Lopes Ângelo ◽  
Fernanda de Lima Moreira ◽  
Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado ◽  
Magali Benjamim de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
In Doping

Background:: Tibolone is a synthetic steroid commercialized by Organon under the brand name Livial (Org OD14), which is used in hormone therapy for menopause management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tibolone is defined as a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) demonstrating tissue-specific effects on several organs such as brain, breast, urogenital tract, endometrium, bone and cardiovascular system. Aims:: This work aims to (1) present an overview of important published literature on existing methods for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids and (2) to conduct a critical comparison of the analytical methods used in doping control, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical formulations analysis of tibolone and its metabolites. Results and conclusions: : The major analytical method described for the analysis of tibolone in pharmaceutical formulations is High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection, while Liquid Chromatography (LC) or Gas Chromatography (GC) used in combination with Mass Spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is employed for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in biological fluids.

Eye Banks: Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 (06) ◽  
pp. 674-678
Author(s):  
Johannes Menzel-Severing ◽  
Sabine Salla ◽  
Gerd Geerling
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Corneal Disease ◽  
Eye Banks ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractTechnological progress and societal change are transforming medicine, and cornea banks are no exception. New infectiological factors, statutory requirements, management concepts, globalisation and digitalisation are also influencing how such facilities will operate in the future. The goal of providing high quality material to patients with corneal disease remains unaltered. The present article seeks to shed light on the type of material this will involve and under what circumstances it is to be obtained.

scholarly journals Smallpox eradication, laboratory visits, and a touch of tourism: travel notes of a Canadian scientist in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Palmer ◽  
Gilberto Hochman ◽  
Danieli Arbex
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
The World ◽  
Eradication Campaign ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
International Scientific Cooperation

The paper presents and discusses the travel notes diary of Canadian scientist Robert J. Wilson when he visited Brazil in April 1967 during the Smallpox Eradication Programme run by the World Health Organisation. Wilson's report makes it possible to reflect on the smallpox eradication campaign in Brazil; on the Canada-Brazil cooperation to improve the quality of the smallpox vaccine; on his assessment by of scientists and Brazilian laboratories; on the effects of intersections between scientific activity and social and cultural activities; on the role played by specialist communities of experts role in international scientific cooperation projects; and on a Canadian traveller's concepts and prejudices about Brazil at the end of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of digital economy on high-quality economic development in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257365
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Siqi Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Wan ◽  
Yuan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Integration ◽  
Development Level

At present, the digital economy, which takes information technology and data as the key elements, is booming and has become an important force in promoting the economic growth of various countries. In order to explore the current dynamic trend of China’s digital economy development and the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality economic development, this paper measures the digital economic development index of 30 cities in China from the three dimensions of digital infrastructure, digital industry, and digital integration, uses panel data of 30 cities in China from 2015 to 2019 to construct an econometric model for empirical analysis, and verifies the mediating effect of technological progress between the digital economy and high-quality economic development. The results show that (1) The development level of China’s digital economy is increasing year by year, that the growth of digital infrastructure is obvious, and that the development of the digital industry is relatively slow. (2) Digital infrastructure, digital industry and digital integration all have significant positive effects on regional total factor productivity, and the influence coefficients are 0.2452, 0.0773 and 0.3458 respectively. (3) Regarding the transmission mechanism from the digital economy to the high-quality economic development, the study finds that the mediating effect of technological progress is 0.1527, of which the mediating effect of technological progress in the eastern, northeast, central and western regions is 1.70%, 9.25%, 28.89% and 21.22% respectively. (4) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the development level of the digital economy in the eastern region is much higher than that in other non-eastern regions, and the development of digital economy in the eastern region has a higher marginal contribution rate to the improvement of the total factor productivity. This study can provide a theoretical basis and practical support for the government to formulate policies for the development of the digital economy.

International cooperation in crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-219
Author(s):  
A. J. Kox ◽  
H. F. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
International Scientific Cooperation

Chapter 11 deals with the slow process of restoring international scientific cooperation after the end of the World War, highlighting the Dutch role and Lorentz’s untiring efforts in the various, at first unsuccessful attempts to include German scientists in international scientific cooperative bodies. In particular, his important role as member and later chairman of the commission for international intellectual cooperation of the League of Nations (CICI) is discussed.

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