scholarly journals “Bacon wrapped cancer”: the discursive construction of meat carcinogenicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Fusari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Natural World ◽  
World Health ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Discourse Communities ◽  
Animal Rights Movement ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Abstract In 2015, the World Health Organization published a report on the carcinogenicity of red and processed meat (IARC, 2015. Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. The Lancet Oncology 16(16). 1599–1600), attracting intense interest from both the general public and the scientific community. This study combines corpus approaches, Systemic Functional Linguistics and discourse analysis to investigate and compare scientific and animal rights movement reactions to the IARC 2015 report. Scientific reactions are exemplified by three research papers published immediately after the report; responses from animal rights campaigners are investigated through an analysis of texts taken from the website of the nongovernmental organization PETA. The aim is to explore how discourse not only describes, but also constructs meat carcinogenicity, in texts produced by two discourse communities (scientists and animal campaigners) which, for entirely different reasons, have an important stake in this issue. Qualitative (close reading) and quantitative (corpus-based) methods are combined, focusing on vocabulary, grammatical metaphor, and Appraisal (Martin, Jim and Peter White, 2005. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). The results show a high level of hybridity, discursive erasure (Stibbe, Arran, 2012. Animals erased: discourse, ecology, and reconnection with the natural world. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press), and some substantial differences in the discourse reactions to the IARC report by the two sources, reflecting the ideologies and ethical assumptions they espouse in their approach to the announcement that red and processed meat can cause cancer.

Bringing The Bacon Bome To Bath Class

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-327
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

As readers might recall, two years ago there was buzz in the air concerning a report about processed meats and cancer. News outlets pounced on the possibility of including bacon and cancer in the same sentence, and as a mathematics teacher, I pounced on the opportunity to discuss risk with students. In pursuit of engaging students with items that they might encounter or hear about in their daily lives and having a little extra time to discuss the notion of modeling and assumptions, I had students read in class one of the many news articles that discussed the topic. The one I chose, from Allison Aubrey of NPR, noted that there was a “16 percent increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with each 3.5 ounces of red and processed meat consumed per day” (Aubrey 2015). Aubrey had obtained the information from the World Health Organization (2015) report that initially started the media flurry.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

scholarly journals Study of Well Waters from High-Level Natural Radiation Areas in Northern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Van-Hao Duong ◽  
Thanh-Duong Nguyen ◽  
Miklos Hegedus ◽  
Erika Kocsis ◽  
Tibor Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices ◽  
Well Waters

The determination of natural radionuclide concentrations plays an important role for assuring public health and in the estimation of the radiological hazards. This is especially true for high level radiation areas. In this study, 226Ra, 228Ra and 238U concentrations were measured in well waters surrounding eight of the high-level natural radiation areas in northern Vietnam. The 226Ra, 228Ra and 238U activity concentrations vary from <1.2 × 10−3–2.7 (0.46), <2.6 × 10−3–0.43 (0.07) and <38 × 10−3–5.32 Bq/L (0.50 of median), respectively. 226Ra and 238U isotopes in most areas are in equilibrium, except for the DT-Thai Nguyen area. The calculated radiological hazard indices are generally higher than WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations. Average annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk values due to drinking well water range from to 130 to 540 μSv/year and 7.4 × 10−6 to 3.1 × 10−5, respectively.

scholarly journals Sodium Levels of Processed Meat in Australia: Supermarket Survey Data from 2010 to 2017

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emalie Sparks ◽  
Clare Farrand ◽  
Joseph Santos ◽  
Briar McKenzie ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Dialogue

High sodium intake increases blood pressure and consequently increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In Australia, the best estimate of sodium intake is 3840 mg sodium/day, almost double the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (2000 mg/day), and processed meats contribute approximately 10% of daily sodium intake to the diet. This study assessed the median sodium levels of 2510 processed meat products, including bacon and sausages, available in major Australian supermarkets in 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017, and assessed changes over time. The median sodium content of processed meats in 2017 was 775 mg/100 g (interquartile range (IQR) 483–1080). There was an 11% reduction in the median sodium level of processed meats for which targets were set under the government’s Food and Health Dialogue (p < 0.001). This includes bacon, ham/cured meat products, sliced luncheon meat and meat with pastry categories. There was no change in processed meats without a target (median difference 6%, p = 0.450). The new targets proposed by the current government’s Healthy Food Partnership capture a larger proportion of products than the Food and Health Dialogue (66% compared to 35%) and a lower proportion of products are at or below the target (35% compared to 54%). These results demonstrate that voluntary government targets can drive nutrient reformulation. Future efforts will require strong government leadership and robust monitoring and evaluation systems.

scholarly journals An Extended Study on Training and Physical Exercise in Esports

2019 ◽  
pp. 270-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Kari ◽  
Miia Siutila ◽  
Veli-Matti Karhulahti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

This chapter is an extended revision of the authors' earlier study (2016) on the training routines of professional and high-level esport players, with added focus on their physical exercise. The study is methodologically mixed with a quantitative survey sample (n=115) and a qualitative interview sample (n=7). Based on this data, high-level esport players train approximately 5.28 hours every day around the year, and professional esport players at least the same amount. Approximately 1.08 hours of that training is physical exercise. More than half (55.6%) of the professional and high-level esport players believe that integrating physical exercise into their training programs has a positive effect on esport performance; however, no less than 47.0% do the physical exercise chiefly to maintain their overall state of health. Accordingly, the study indicates that professional and high-level esport players are physically active as well: those of age 18 and older exercising more than three times the daily 21-minute physical activity recommendation given by the World Health Organization.

Arsenic neurotoxicity — A review

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vahidnia ◽  
G.B. van der Voet ◽  
F.A. de Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Neurological Effects ◽  
Soles Of The Feet ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level

Arsenic (As) is one of the oldest poisons known to men. Its applications throughout history are wide and varied: murder, make-up, paint and even as a pesticide. Chronic As toxicity is a global environmental health problem, affecting millions of people in the USA and Germany to Bangladesh and Taiwan. Worldwide, As is released into the environment by smelting of various metals, combustion of fossil fuels, as herbicides and fungicides in agricultural products. The drinking water in many countries, which is tapped from natural geological resources, is also contaminated as a result of the high level of As in groundwater. The environmental fate of As is contamination of surface and groundwater with a contaminant level higher than 10 particle per billion (ppb) as set by World Health Organization (WHO). Arsenic exists in both organic and inorganic species and either form can also exist in a trivalent or pentavalent oxidation state. Long-term health effects of exposure to these As metabolites are severe and highly variable: skin and lung cancer, neurological effects, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Neurological effects of As may develop within a few hours after ingestion, but usually are seen in 2—8 weeks after exposure. It is usually a symmetrical sensorimotor neuropathy, often resembling the Guillain—Barré syndrome. The predominant clinical features of neuropathy are paresthesias, numbness and pain, particularly in the soles of the feet. Electrophysiological studies performed on patients with As neuropathy have revealed a reduced nerve conduction velocity, typical of those seen in axonal degeneration. Most of the adverse effects of As, are caused by inactivated enzymes in the cellular energy pathway, whereby As reacts with the thiol groups of proteins and enzymes and inhibits their catalytic activity. Furthermore, As-induced neurotoxicity, like many other neurodegenerative diseases, causes changes in cytoskeletal protein composition and hyperphosphorylation. These changes may lead to disorganization of the cytoskeletal framework, which is a potential mechanism of As-induced neurotoxicity. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 823— 832

Zika Virus Awareness and Prevention Practices Among University Students in Miami: Fall 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Darrow ◽  
Chintan Bhatt ◽  
Cassandra Rene ◽  
Lakisha Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blackboard Learn ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level

In January 2016, the first case of mosquito-borne Zika infection in the mainland United States was confirmed in Miami, Florida. The first locally acquired case was reported 6 months later. Local public health and school officials began warning students of the outbreak on their return to the classroom in August 2016. In November–December 2016, we conducted a survey of students attending a large public university in Miami to determine how well informed they were about Zika. A multistage sampling design was used to contact teaching assistants and ask them for help in recruiting their students. Eligible students had to be 18 years of age or older and enrolled in at least one three-credit course during fall semester. A 25-item questionnaire based on the World Health Organization Zika Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Resource Pack was developed, pretested, and approved by the university’s institutional review board before it was made available to eligible students through Blackboard Learn or a survey link. About half (50.4%) of the 139 respondents had heard about Zika prior to 2016. Only one student was unaware of Zika before our survey. Most (47.1%) first learned about Zika through television, 18.8% from family or friends, and 15.2% from the Internet, social media, or university e-mail. Two thirds (66.2%) believed Zika could be prevented, 15.1% thought it might be prevented, and 85.7% had taken some precautions. A high level of awareness of the risk of Zika infection was apparent. Most students reported taking steps to avoid exposure to the Zika virus.

Cancer screening and prevention in gynaecology

2020 ◽  
pp. 755-765
Author(s):  
Lynette Denny ◽  
Rengaswamy Sankaranarayan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
Current Screening

In 1968, the World Health Organization published guidelines on the principles and practice of screening for disease, which are often referred to as the ‘Wilson and Jungner criteria’. These principles are still applicable today. With the onset of genetic screening, new controversies around screening emerged and in 2008, Andermann et al. synthesized and modified the Wilson criteria. Screening is a systematic attempt to select those who are at high risk of a specific disease from among apparently healthy individuals. The ultimate aim of screening is prevention of disease or to detect disease at an early, curable stage. There are many controversies about screening for cancer, such as the use of prostatic-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer, mammography screening for breast cancer, and debates around current screening for colorectal, lung, and cervical cancers. Controversies also exist with regard to the level of evidence required before screening for a disease is initiated. Even if there is a high level of evidence for efficacy and effectiveness, how the programme should be implemented needs careful consideration, particularly a clear understanding of benefits versus harms, potential or actual. In some countries, mass population screening programmes are implemented and in others, screening is dependent on access to health insurance. This chapter explores past and current screening activities among women for early detection and prevention of gynaecological cancers including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers and discusses screening for vulval and vaginal cancer.

scholarly journals Communicating Risk Regarding Food Consumption: The Case of Processed Meat

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Zec ◽  
Clara Minto ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Carolina Fano ◽  
Honoria Ocagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Real Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The present research combines real data and parameters found in recent literature that were used to design realistic scenarios demonstrating the potential effects (benefits and costs) of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s risk communication regarding the consumption of processed meat, which was proven to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/WHO report. The impact of the risk communication of processed meat consumption was simulated using Monte Carlo microsimulation models. The results showed that a 1% reduction in the number of high-level processed meat consumers may lead to a yearly decrease in CRC cases of 406.43 (IC 95%: −243.94, 1056.81), while the more extreme scenario of a 15% reduction may lead to 2086.62 fewer cases (IC 95%: 1426.66, 2746.57). On the other hand, if demand contraction in the processed meat sector resulted in a 0.1% loss in employment, one could expect 27.23 all-cause mortalities attributable to job loss (IC 95%: 16.55, 37.80). This simulation study demonstrates that caution should be taken when implementing public awareness campaigns, particularly when the prevention message is not straightforward.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document