The fictionalized reader in popular science: reader engagement with the scientific community

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Pilkington
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Reader Engagement ◽  
Singular Individual

Abstract I propose that the fictionalized reader as observed in popular science represents a novel approach to the incorporation of a reader into a non-fiction text. The traditional approach relies on “the reader-in-the-text” – an entity that covertly represents a generalized real reader through author’s voice using evaluation, modalization, concession, and mood among other mechanisms. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of a corpus of 193 occurrences of presented discourse of scientists (extracted from 100 narratives of discovery) and 73 occurrences of presented discourse attributed to the reader (observed outside the narratives). The analysis shows that the fictionalized reader uses presented discourse (speech and thoughts assigned to the reader) to shape a reader-character, who represents a singular individual (as opposed to a generalized audience) with whom a reader can relate. The need for a more concrete reader arises in thought experiments commonly used as explanatory devices in popular science. The fictionalized reader helps popular science authors explain scientific concepts in more engaging terms and contributes to a more interactive and inclusive model of popularization.

Relative consumption, relative wealth, and long-run growth: when and why is the standard analysis prone to incorrect conclusions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Franz X. Hof ◽  
Klaus Prettner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Relative Consumption ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Elasticity Of Intertemporal Substitution ◽  
Relative Wealth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract We employ a novel approach for analyzing the effects of relative consumption and relative wealth preferences on economic growth. In the pertinent literature, these effects are usually assessed by examining the dependence of the growth rate on the two parameters of the utility function that seem to measure the strength of the relative consumption and the relative wealth motives. Applying our fundamental factor approach, we identify specifications in which the traditional approach yields incorrect qualitative conclusions. The problematic specifications have the common unpleasant property that the parameter that seems to determine the strength of the relative consumption motive actually also affects the elasticity of intertemporal substitution of absolute consumption (and the strength of the relative wealth motive). Since the standard approach is unaware of the additional effect(s), it attributes the total change in the growth rate incorrectly to the change in the strength of the relative consumption motive.

scholarly journals Kritikan Orientalis Terhadap Keaslian Bahasa al-Quran: Analisis Terhadap Teori Perkataan Asing dalam al-Quran

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sanusi Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Foreign Word ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

Criticism on the originality of the Arabic words in the Quran had its inception at the formative period of Islam. The ambigious and mysterious verses in the Quran stimulate Qurasyh to cast their doubt on the etymologycal aspect of Quranic language. To date, the phenomenon continued to persist when part of its content were not recognised by the scholar of Quranic studies. Modern researchers have invented novel approach to explore this issue and their findings confirm the existence of loanword in the Quran. They believed that these foreign words acquired by Muhammad through his communication with various kinds of individuals. Thus, this study aims to explore the orientalist views on the linguistic aspect of the quran, and examine their findings with Muslim scholar’s standpoint using comparative analysis. The present study is qualitative in nature in which the researcher employed textual and comparative analysis on selected words and verses in the Quran. The study in its finding propose that the orientalist views on the issue of loandwords or foreign word of Quranic language is a standpoint that stem from plausibilities and possibilities.

scholarly journals T.A. Guriev about the evolution of the god Safa

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
С.Г. Кцоева
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
Points Of View

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу исследовательской концепции происхождения и сущности божества осетинского пантеона Сафы, принадлежащей одному из ведущих осетиноведов Тамерлану Александровичу Гуриеву. Концепция представлена в статье «Геродотова Гестия/Табити и Сафа в осетинской нартиаде» [1]. Сложность, «многослойность» исследуемого объекта по сей день сохраняет дискуссию в научном сообществе. До сих пор не существует однозначного ответа по поводу истоков появления Сафы, его подлинной сущности, образа и характера, этимологии имени. Мы ставим своей целью рассмотреть еще один вариант объяснения ономастики и сакральных функций Сафы, представленных в концепции авторитетного ученого-лингвиста Тамерлана Александровича Гуриева, подвергнуть ее научному анализу и определить степень ее интегрированности в современное осетиноведение. Новизна исследования заключается в предпринятом перекрестном анализе двух разных концепций Сафы – Т.А. Гуриева и Б.А. Алборова, – что позволило обнаружить ряд сходных выводов, к которым оба ученых в разное время пришли совершенно самостоятельно, чем, в свою очередь, косвенно подтверждается их объективность. Существенная разница точек зрения (Б.А. Алборов считал Сафу производным от протоиудейского бога Саваофа, а Т.А. Гуриев – скифской богини Табити) не помешала ученым прийти к общим выводам. К наиболее существенным сходным чертам обеих концепций можно отнести вывод о солярности Сафы (правда, по-разному трактуемой) и о том, что божество на самом деле является результатом маскулинизации. The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the research concept of the origin and essence of the deity Safa of the Ossetian pantheon, which belongs to one of the leading Ossetian scholars Tamerlan Alexandrovich Guriev. The concept is presented in the article "Herodot’s Hestia / Tabiti and Safa in the Ossetian Nartyada" [1]. The complexity, "multi-layered" nature of the object under study to this day keeps the discussion in the scientific community. Until now, there is no unequivocal answer about the origins of the appearance of Safa, his true essence, image and character, the etymology of the name. We aim to consider another version interpreting Safa's onomastics and his sacred functions, presented in the concept of the reknown linguist Tamerlan Aleksandrovich Guriev, subject it to scientific analysis and determine the degree of its integration into modern Ossetian studies. The novelty of the research lies in the undertaken cross-analysis of two different concepts of Safa advanced by T.A. Guriev and B.A. Alborov with the aim of finding a number of similar conclusions, to which both scientists at different times came completely independently, which, in turn, indirectly confirms their objectivity. A significant and basic difference in points of view (BA Alborov considered Safu to be derived from the proto-Jewish god Sabaoth, and T.A. Guriev ‒ the Scythian goddess Tabiti), did not prevent the scientists from coming to general conclusions. The most significant similarities between both concepts include the conclusion about Safa's solarity (though interpreted in different ways) and that the deity is in fact the result of masculinization.

scholarly journals Γενετικά τροποποιημένες καλλιέργειες εναντίον βιοποικιλότητας; Επιστημονικές και φιλοσοφικές προκλήσεις

Bioethica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Κωνσταντίνα Π. Μυλωνά - Γιαννακάκου (Konstantina Mylona-Giannakakou)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
The People ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Moral Choices

Regarding the issue of balance between environmental sustainability and the inherent ecological interventions of agricultural biotechnology, multiannual studies substantiate that loss of biodiversity, due to the use of GM crops, is globally less important than several other practices. Thus, what explains this diametrically extreme confrontation, from part of the scientific community? I presume, that the controversy is a philosophical one, and is expressed mainly by two contrasting materialistic approaches; the so called reductionist (or molecularist) view and the opposing holistic (or organismic) view, both of which, in their comparative analysis, prove, in my view, their incapability in definitely resolving such dilemmas.The first, as an anthropocentric approach, seems unsuccessful in building any concept of ecosystem integrity on the basis of moral duty while the second, as a biocentric approach, does not take into consideration the effects in human populations, and provides limited guidance with respect to the environments in which agriculture has already replaced the natural order. Norton’s concept provides a new perspective, since it recognizes the human duty to conduct agriculture, in a manner that supports survival for the people on this planet, while simultaneously it maintains the ecological dynamics that sustain life. Based on Norton’s “weak anthropocentrism”, we can be easily led to the “convergence” of policies, through a “contextualized” hierarchy of moral choices for the issues of agricultural biotechnology.

Mass-Market Paperbacks and Integration Politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Johanna Schuster-Craig
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Migration Politics

“Integration” refers to multiple arenas in German migration politics, including journalistic discourse, public policy, and cultural logics about incorporating immigrants and refugees into the nation. This article examines two non-fiction narratives, Das Ende der Geduld by Kirsten Heisig and Muslim Girls by Sineb El Masrar, to explore how each author characterizes integration from opposite sides of the political spectrum. In integration politics, adolescence is often construed as a problem, which—when improperly managed—leads to the criminalization or radicalization of youth of color. Comparative analysis of these two texts shows that institutions such as the school and the criminal justice system produce adolescence as a problem for integration and as a way to avoid acknowledging institutionalized inequity. These two examples exist as part of a longer genealogy of authors using mass-market paperbacks to comment on integration politics.

Rigidity Regulation Approach for Geometric Tolerance Optimization in End Milling of Thin-walled Components

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Ankit Agarwal ◽  
K A Desai
Keyword(s):  
End Milling ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cutting Sequences ◽  
Finish Cutting ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Cutting Sequence ◽  
Regulation Approach

Abstract The paper presents a novel approach to improve geometric tolerances (flatness and cylindricity) by manipulating the rigidity among finishing and roughing cutting sequences during end milling of thin-walled components. The proposed approach considers the design configuration of the thin-walled component as an input and aims to determine semi-finished geometry such that the geometric tolerances are optimized while performing finish cutting sequence. The objective is accomplished by combining Mechanistic force model, Finite Element (FE) analysis based workpiece deflection model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique to determine optimal disposition of material along the length of component thereby regulating rigidity. The algorithm has been validated by determining rigidity regulated semi-finished geometries for thin-walled components having straight, concave and convex configurations. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm are substantiated further by conducting a set of end milling experiments for each of these cases. The results of the proposed strategy are compared with a traditional approach considering no change in the rigidity of component along length of the cut. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can effectively optimize geometric tolerances for thin-walled components during end milling operation.

scholarly journals Practical Employment of Granular Computing to Complex Application Layer Cyberattack Detection

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Kozik ◽  
Marek Pawlicki ◽  
Michał Choraś ◽  
Witold Pedrycz
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Granular Computing ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Information Granules ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Novel Approach

Network and information security are regarded as some of the most pressing problems of contemporary economy, affecting both individual citizens and entire societies, making them a highlight for homeland security. Innovative approaches to handle this challenge are undertaken by the scientific community, proposing the utilization of the emerging, advanced machine learning methods. This very paper puts forward a novel approach to the detection of cyberattacks taking inventory of the practical application of information granules. The feasibility of utilizing Granular Computing (GC) as a solution to the most current challenges in cybersecurity is researched. To the best of our knowledge, granular computing has not yet been widely examined or used for cybersecurity application purposes. The major contribution of this work is a method for constructing information granules from network data. We then report promising results on a benchmark dataset.

scholarly journals Review of multimodal treatment for type 2 diabetes: combining metabolic surgery and pharmacotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881987540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Sudlow ◽  
Carel W le Roux ◽  
Dimitri J Pournaras
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Surgery ◽  
Multimodal Treatment ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Multimodal Care

Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with obesity remains a challenge for physicians, endocrinologists and surgeons, a fact supported by uncontroverted evidence from studies looking at mortality and associated morbidity. Metabolic surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity and T2DM with evidence demonstrating an improvement or resolution of symptoms of T2DM and a reduction in a mortality and rates of cardiovascular events compared with pharmacotherapy alone. While these results are promising, two important limitations must be recognized and addressed. With regards to long-term remission of T2DM, the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery appear to fatigue with time and a proportion of patients will not maintain normoglycaemia without pharmacotherapy. Second, there has been noteworthy progress in the development of several classes of medications for the treatment of T2DM which were unavailable when the original studies comparing the effects of bariatric surgery with pharmacotherapy were conducted. Recognizing the need for further treatment following metabolic surgery for long-term disease control in conjunction with the availability of newer medications offering more effective, nonsurgical treatment presents a critical turning point in treatment treating obesity. While the traditional approach would be to determine the superiority (or non-inferiority) of these agents compared with surgery, clinicians and surgeons must acknowledge the limitations of this attitude towards treatment given evidence from fields such as cancer, where a combinational approach is the gold standard. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy, present not only a novel approach to medical therapy but a renewed impetus to investigate what can be achieved through multimodal care.

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