Comparative Analysis of Rules in Five Leading Standards for Smoke Detectors Siting in the Presence of a Ceiling Irregularity

Abstract Subdividing elements and different structures on the ceiling like beams or similar, significantly affect the location of the smoke detector, because they change the flow of combustion products. From point of view of fire detection system, designers it is very interesting how to arrange and distribute smoke detectors in applications when beams are formed structure like a “honeycomb” The European norm 54-14 is mandatory, but in practice, a main question appears: “Do we have the explanations detailed enough for all of the situations that could occur related to length, width and depth of honeycomb cells”? The main goal of this paper is to show the differences between the rules and the instructions in five standards: EN 54-14, VDE 0833-2, BS 5839-1, NPB 88, NFPA 72, and to find the best solution for various situations in practice.

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Automatic Fire Detection and Extinction with Infrared Multispectrum Electro-Optical Technology with Watch-Dog Timer Control, for a 220KV to 33KV Transformer

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering ◽

10.46338/ijetae1121_12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 101-113

Author(s):

Yesica Pamela Leandro Chacon ◽

◽

Omar Chamorro Atalaya

Keyword(s):

Detection System ◽

Fire Detection ◽

Automatic Detection ◽

Point Of View ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Functional Tests ◽

Optical Technology ◽

Optimal Response ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Functional Point

The present research aims to design an automatic fire detection and extinction system, developed with infrared multi-spectrum electro-optical technology with watch-dog timer control, for an electrical transformer from 220KV to 33KV. Upon its development, it is concluded that the automatic detection and extinction system has a deluge system with sprayed water, which will be activated by a detection system with flame sensors, this system has infrared multispectrum Electro-Optical Technology and will be controlled by through the Timer Watch-Dog, which will automatically detect and report any failure in the state-of-theart microprocessor. By subjecting the detection and extinguishing system to operational and functional tests, an optimal response of the deluge sprinklers was obtained, through the pressure and flow parameters, also a coefficient of determination R2 equal to 0.991 is obtained, which represents that the design is optimal, evidencing feasibility from the operational and functional point of view. Keywords— Detection, Extinction, Automatic, ElectroOptical, Multispectral, Infrared, Timer Watch-Dog, Transformer

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Computer Vision Application for Early Stage Smoke Detection on Ships

Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science ◽

10.18048/2016.52.04 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 63-80

Author(s):

Miroslav Bistrović ◽

Jasmin Čelić ◽

Domagoj Komorčec

Keyword(s):

Detection System ◽

Early Stage ◽

Fire Detection ◽

Water Mist ◽

Smoke Detector ◽

Smoke Detection ◽

Engine Room ◽

Computer Image Processing ◽

Flame Detector ◽

Safety Features

Nowadays, ship’s engine room is fire protected by automatic fire fighting systems, usually controlled from a place located outside the engine room. In order to activate the water mist extinguishing system automatically, at least two different fire detectors have to be activated. One of these detectors is a flame detector that is not hampered by various air flows caused by ventilation or draft and is rapidly activated and the other is smoke detector which is hampered by these flows causing its activation to be delayed. As a consequence, the automatic water mist extinguishing system is also delayed, allowing for fire expansion and its transfer to surrounding rooms. In addition to reliability of the ship’s fire detection system as one of the crucial safety features for the ship, cargo, crew and passengers, using a systematic approach in this research the emphasis is placed on the application of new methods in smoke detection such as the computer image processing and analysis, in order to achieve this goal. This paper describes the research carried out on board ship using the existing marine CCTV systems in early stages of smoke detection inside ship’s engine room, which could be seen as a significant contribution to accelerated suppression of unwanted consequences.

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Sistem Pemantauan dan Pendeteksi Kebakaran berbasis Logika Fuzzy dan Real-time Database

ELKOMIKA Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik Teknik Telekomunikasi & Teknik Elektronika ◽

10.26760/elkomika.v9i3.577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 577

Author(s):

EVA AISAH HW ◽

ROHMAT TULLOH ◽

SUGONDO HADIYOSO ◽

DADAN NUR RAMADAN

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

Human Error ◽

Detection System ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Fire Detection ◽

Smoke Detector ◽

Web Interface ◽

Average Transmission

ABSTRAKKebakaran rumah seringkali disebabkan oleh kelalaian manusia. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah sistem yang dapat mendeteksi kebakaran secara online realtime. Pada studi ini, dirancang dan diimplementasikan sebuah sistem pendeteksi kebakaran dengan sejumlah sensor untuk mengukur beberapa parameter lingkungan. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan pengambil keputusan menggunakan metode fuzzy logic. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur mencakup suhu ruangan, asap dan api yang kemudian dapat dimonitor secara real-time melalui web interface menggunakan Internet of Things platform. Pengujian menunjukkan bahwa detektor dapat mendeteksi api dengan jarak hingga 100 cm dengan akurasi mencapai 100%. Pengujian sensor suhu menunjukkan akurasi 98.79%, sementara itu detektor asap memperoleh akurasi 77.81%. Sistem ini mampu mengirimkan data dengan rata-rata delay transmisi 0.62 detik. Sistem usulan ini diharapkan dapat menyediakan pemantauan kondisi suatu ruangan secara real-time.Kata kunci: Kebakaran, Real-Time, Deteksi, Fuzzy, Internet Of Things ABSTRACTHouse fires are often caused by human error. Therefore, we need a system that can detect fires online real-time. In this study, a fire detection system with a number of sensors is designed and implemented to measure several environmental parameters. This system is equipped with a decision maker using the fuzzy logic method. The environmental parameters measured include room temperature, smoke and fire which can then be monitored in real time via a web interface using the Internet of Things platform. Tests show that the detector can detect fires with a distance of up to 100 cm with an accuracy of up to 100%. The temperature sensor test shows an accuracy of 98.79%, while the smoke detector generates an accuracy of 77.81%. This system is capable of sending data with an average transmission delay of 0.62 seconds. This proposed system is expected to provide realtime monitoring of the condition of a room.Keywords: Fire, Real-time, detection, Fuzzy, internet of things

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A Comparison and Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Standards Related to Unwanted Fire Alarms

Fire Science and Engineering ◽

10.7731/kifse.183ba66c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

Han-Bit Choi ◽

Euy-Hong Hwang ◽

Sung-Eun Lee ◽

Don-Mook Choi

Keyword(s):

Safety Management ◽

Detection System ◽

Fire Detection ◽

Smoke Detector ◽

System Construction ◽

Fire Alarm ◽

Fire Detection System ◽

Comparison And Analysis ◽

Testing Standards ◽

Korean Type

As unwanted fire alarms within the automatic fire detection system increase, fire-fighting power gets wasted. This is recognized as important because it causes a decrease in the evacuation reliability of the occupancy. Therefore, in order to develop measures to reduce unwanted fire alarms, foreign (United States and, United Kingdom) and domestic standards related to unwanted fire alarms were compared and analyzed in the present study. Through the analysis the problems with the standards were identified as uncertainty regarding the detecting space and radius of the smoke detector, the absence of a statistical database (DB) for unwanted fire alarms, the absence of a protocol for managing unwanted fire alarms, and the absence of testing standards for unwanted fire alarms based on scenarios. Consequently, it is proposed that to deal with the problems, it is necessary to ascertain the detecting space and radius of the smoke detector, to propose unwanted fire alarm protection codes for database (DB) system construction, to supplement the fire safety management log by developing related manuals, and to develop unwanted fire alarm testing standards of Korean type based on scenarios.

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Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity

Fire ◽

10.3390/fire4040085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Ter-Ki Hong ◽

Seul-Hyun Park

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Detection System ◽

Early Stage ◽

Space Exploration ◽

Fire Detection ◽

Measurement Technology ◽

Smoke Detector ◽

Smoke Particle ◽

Manned Space ◽

Detection Characteristics

A fire during manned space exploration can cause serious casualties and disrupt the mission if the initial response is delayed. Therefore, measurement technology that can detect fire in the early stage of ignition is important. There have been a number of works that investigate the smoke behaviors in microgravity as the foundation for a reliable method for sensing a fire during spaceflight. For space missions to the outer planets, however, a strategy of detecting smoke as an indicator of fire should be adjusted to cover the fire scenario that can be greatly affected by changes in gravity (microgravity, lunar, Mars, and Earth gravity). Therefore, as a preliminary study on fire detectors of the manned pressurized module, the present study examined the smoke particle behavior and detection characteristics with respect to changes in gravity using numerical analysis. In particular, the effects of the combination of buoyancy and ventilation flow on the smoke particle movement pattern was investigated to further improve the understanding of the fire detection characteristics of the smoke detector, assuming that a fire occurred in different gravity environments inside the pressurized module. To this end, we modeled the internal shape of Destiny and performed a series of numerical analysis using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The findings of this study can provide basic data for the design of a fire detection system for manned space exploration modules.

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Fire Detection Tendency through Combustion Products Generated during UL 268 Wood Flame Fire and Smoldering Fire Test

Fire Science and Engineering ◽

10.7731/kifse.23b37311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 48-57

Author(s):

Su-Gil Choi ◽

Yoo-Jeong Choi ◽

Yeong-Jae Nam ◽

Si-Kuk Kim

Keyword(s):

Fire Detection ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Smoke Detector ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Combustion Gas ◽

Particle Matter ◽

Smoke Generation ◽

Wood Fire ◽

Pm 10

This experiment analyzes the tendency of fire detection through combustion products generated during UL 268 wood flame fires and smoldering tests. Fire detection tendency was measured using a particle matter sencor (PMS), combustion gas analyzer (CGA), and gas analyzer (GA). The combustion products were matched and analyzed at 5 %/m (non-operation), 10 %/m, and 15 %/m of the smoke sensitivity measured by the smoke detector. In the case of wood flaming fire, PMS PM 10, CGA CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, GA HCHO, and TVOC, the trend was observed because of the continuous increase in the measured value according to the smoke generation. In the case of smoldering, PM 10, CO, and HCHO were adaptable to the tendency to be observed. Finally, in the case of wood fire accompanied by flame fire and smoldering to PM 10, CO and HCHO were considered to be the optimal fire detection factors.

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