scholarly journals Determinanten der Erkennung und Bewertung von Objekttypen. Eine linguistisch-differenziell-psychologische Studie zum Genitiv

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Wich-Reif ◽  
Anja Leue ◽  
André Beauducel
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Genitive Case

AbstractIt is self-evident that language changes across time; how this process of language change takes place has been investigated for specific domains, such as the genitive case. Language change may induce a heterogeneity of verbal competences. However, in differential psychology theoretical models on verbal intelligence imply that verbal competence is a rather homogeneous. Accordingly, the question of homogeneity and heterogeneity of verbal competences is a rather open one. Therefore, this study investigates the competence of differentiating sentences with genitive verbs from other object types and of evaluating the familiarity with these object types. It was examined whether homogeneous or heterogeneous linguistic competences are relevant for the evaluation of the grammatical correctness of sentences. The methodological basis for the linguistic and differential psychological study was a questionnaire of 22 groups of sentences with verbs requiring the genitive as an object case and/or verbs requiring another object case. Participants (

Morphological Theory and Diachronic Change

2018 ◽  
pp. 475-492
Author(s):  
Matthias Hüning
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Morphological Theory

Variation and change are essential for any human language, but at the same time they form a challenge for theoretical models of grammar. This chapter discusses some notions and phenomena encountered in word-formation change that should be relevant to any morphological theory. It focuses on the notion of reanalysis and on phenomena related to this notion. In its second half, the chapter focuses on the notion of productivity and on the view that every change in word-formation has to be seen as a change in productivity. It is claimed that theoretical models will need to become more attentive to usage-based perspectives in order to integrate the dynamics of language and language change. The examples used for illustration purposes in this chapter are taken from Dutch, German, and English.

scholarly journals THE SPEECH LOGIC LAWS AS A THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF STAGE SPEECH AS A VERBAL IMPACT

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Anfisa Kolenko
Keyword(s):  
Important Task ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conscious Activity ◽  
Genitive Case

The main thing in the actor`s work is to identify the essence of the work (the most important task) and to translate it into a role (through action). The law of verbal exposure requires the performer to regard communication with partners with the help of the word as a conscious activity aimed at performing a certain creative task. Based on the study of the structure of speech communication, K. S. Stanislavsky formulated the law of context, the law of subtext. The speech logic laws dictate the rules for placing pauses, logical stress, intonation of speech in a sentence and help the future actor to find the right solution to work on the role. Knowledge of the laws and rules helps to determine the place of the logical stress: the genitive case, the comparison, the opposition, the match, the emphasis on the pronoun, the adjective, the verb, the rule of the new concept, the homogeneous parts of the sentence.

scholarly journals The Paradigm of Unity in the Science and Culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-72
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Grochmal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Science And Culture

Abstract The paradigm of unity is a response to the contemporary needs of society; it shows a new way of looking at social and cultural processes, in positive and creative aspects, giving the hope to solve many problems of the modern world. It constitutes a methodological basis for building both the theoretical models and application schemas, also reveals the directions of the empirical research (Biela, 1996). The paper presents the importance of the paradigm of unity for science and modern culture, particularly in relation to the social sciences, its characteristics and applications in several disciplines, as well as a chance to emerge from the current crisis of civilization based on this paradigm.

scholarly journals The Hieroglyphic Luwian genitive case

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-204
Author(s):  
Axel I. Palmér
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Conditioning Factor ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
Genitive Case

Abstract Descriptions of Hieroglyphic Luwian grammar assert that the genitive endings ‑as(a) and ‑asi are interchangeable; their distribution is said to be random rather than governed by any conditioning factor. However, recent studies have shown that the ending ‑asi is geographically and chronologically restricted in the corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian texts, which suggests that the distribution is not entirely random. In this paper, it is argued that in texts from the “‑asi area” - where texts containing both endings are found - the genitive endings are distributed in a non-random way. Genitives in ‑as(a) are dependent on neuter gender head nouns, whereas genitives in ‑asi are dependent on common gender head nouns. This means that, syntactically, Hieroglyphic Luwian genitives resemble genitival adjectives by agreeing with the gender of their head. Although several counterexamples exist, they are probably caused by translation errors, by language change in late Hieroglyphic Luwian, and possibly by the fact that -as(a) may reflect -asa as well as -as. Finally, a new account of the historical development of Luwian genitives is presented.

scholarly journals Methodological basis for macroeconomic projections in countries exposed to pressures and shocks: Example of Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
Miladin Kovacevic ◽  
Stojan Stamenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Closed Economy ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Foreign Countries

The presented Macroeconomic Projections Model is based on a 'pre-established' model for projecting the balance of payment linked with the balance of gross domestic product use. Such a model is the 'authentic! one, designed by authors, i.e. based on a no theoretical concept of modelling the macroeconomic equilibrium, but it has a 'heuristic' (experiential) character. The idea for designing such a model comes from the fact that theoretical models involve numerous equations that are to be solved, with numerous parameters to be estimated, including also the problem of linearity (smoothness) of longterm analytical curves, as well as the problem of an undeveloped market, a closed economy or an economy that is fragile in its relations with foreign countries, the problem of 'turning' points, different internal or external shocks, etc.

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Surface-Modified Ceramics

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
P. S. Sklad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Implantation Techniques ◽  
Lattice Damage ◽  
Surface Modified

Over the past several years, it has become increasingly evident that materials for proposed advanced energy systems will be required to operate at high temperatures and in aggressive environments. These constraints make structural ceramics attractive materials for these systems. However it is well known that the condition of the specimen surface of ceramic materials is often critical in controlling properties such as fracture toughness, oxidation resistance, and wear resistance. Ion implantation techniques offer the potential of overcoming some of the surface related limitations.While the effects of implantation on surface sensitive properties may be measured indpendently, it is important to understand the microstructural evolution leading to these changes. Analytical electron microscopy provides a useful tool for characterizing the microstructures produced in terms of solute concentration profiles, second phase formation, lattice damage, crystallinity of the implanted layer, and annealing behavior. Such analyses allow correlations to be made with theoretical models, property measurements, and results of complimentary techniques.

On the Relationship Between General Auditory Sensitivity and Speech Perception: An Examination of Pitch and Lexical Tone Perception in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Puisan Wong ◽  
Man Wai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Tone Perception ◽  
Tone Discrimination

Purpose Theoretical models and substantial research have proposed that general auditory sensitivity is a developmental foundation for speech perception and language acquisition. Nonetheless, controversies exist about the effectiveness of general auditory training in improving speech and language skills. This research investigated the relationships among general auditory sensitivity, phonemic speech perception, and word-level speech perception via the examination of pitch and lexical tone perception in children. Method Forty-eight typically developing 4- to 6-year-old Cantonese-speaking children were tested on the discrimination of the pitch patterns of lexical tones in synthetic stimuli, discrimination of naturally produced lexical tones, and identification of lexical tone in familiar words. Results The findings revealed that accurate lexical tone discrimination and identification did not necessarily entail the accurate discrimination of nonlinguistic stimuli that followed the pitch levels and pitch shapes of lexical tones. Although pitch discrimination and tone discrimination abilities were strongly correlated, accuracy in pitch discrimination was lower than that in tone discrimination, and nonspeech pitch discrimination ability did not precede linguistic tone discrimination in the developmental trajectory. Conclusions Contradicting the theoretical models, the findings of this study suggest that general auditory sensitivity and speech perception may not be causally or hierarchically related. The finding that accuracy in pitch discrimination is lower than that in tone discrimination suggests that comparable nonlinguistic auditory perceptual ability may not be necessary for accurate speech perception and language learning. The results cast doubt on the use of nonlinguistic auditory perceptual training to improve children's speech, language, and literacy abilities.

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