How Constant are Fundamental Physical Quantities?

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Eichendorf ◽  
M. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract We reinvestigate Dirac's large number hypothesis (LNH) which implies the variation of one or more basic physical constants with time. We show that the ratio of the inertial masses of elementary particles and the fine structure constant a do not vary with time in the LNH.Using geochemical data on the surface temperature of the earth in the precambrian we can rule out Dirac's conjecture that the gravitational constant G is inversely proportional to cosmic epoch with and without matter creation. Our limit on Ġ/G is one of the best available. We can exclude Gamow's proposal to save the LNH by a variation of the elementary charge e. We also put an upper limit on the variation of the mass of elementary particles.With the data available at present, we cannot rule out Dirac's LNH if either the mass of elementary particles or the velocity of light and Planck's constant are time dependent. A few other models of variable physical constants are also discussed and excluded.

scholarly journals Speed of sound from fundamental physical constants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
pp. eabc8662
Author(s):  
K. Trachenko ◽  
B. Monserrat ◽  
C. J. Pickard ◽  
V. V. Brazhkin
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Dimensionless Constant ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Two dimensionless fundamental physical constants, the fine structure constant α and the proton-to-electron mass ratio mpme, are attributed a particular importance from the point of view of nuclear synthesis, formation of heavy elements, planets, and life-supporting structures. Here, we show that a combination of these two constants results in a new dimensionless constant that provides the upper bound for the speed of sound in condensed phases, vu. We find that vuc=α(me2mp)12, where c is the speed of light in vacuum. We support this result by a large set of experimental data and first-principles computations for atomic hydrogen. Our result expands the current understanding of how fundamental constants can impose new bounds on important physical properties.

A FIVE DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF EFFECTIVE GRAVITATIONAL AND FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 4317-4323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. MBELEK ◽  
M. LACHIÈZE-REY
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Five Dimensional Model ◽  
Bulk Scalar Field ◽  
Structure Constants ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Kaluza Klein

It is shown that the coupling of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) internal scalar field both to an external stabilizing bulk scalar field and to the geomagnetic field may explain the observed dispersion in laboratory measurements of the (effective) gravitational constant. Except the PTB 95 value, the predictions are found in good agreement with all of the experimental data. The cosmological variation of the fine-structure constant is also addressed.

scholarly journals AN ANALYTIC METHOD OF DESCRIBING R-RELATED QUANTITIES IN QCD

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 1355-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. MILTON ◽  
I. L. SOLOVTSOV ◽  
O. P. SOLOVTSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Light Quark ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Vector Channel ◽  
Hadronic Contribution ◽  
Decay Widths ◽  
Physical Quantities

A model based on the analytic approach to QCD, involving a summation of threshold singularities and taking into account the nonperturbative character of the light quark masses, is applied to find hadronic contributions to different physical quantities. It is shown that the suggested model allows us to describe well such objects as the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, the ratio of hadronic to leptonic τ-decay widths in the vector channel, the Adler D-function, the smeared RΔ-function, and the hadronic contribution to the evolution of the fine structure constant.

scholarly journals Pythagorean numbers and the calculation of the masses of the elementary particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Borros Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Internal Mass ◽  
Pythagorean Numbers ◽  
The Masses

We attempt here to calculate the particle masses for all known elementary particles starting from the Rydberg equation and from the Sommerfeld fine structure constant. Remarkably, this is possible. Next, we try to explain why this is possible and what the meaning of the approach seems to be. Thereby, we find some interesting connections. In addition, we realize that there are two different kinds of mass-charge binding energies in an elementary particle: The internal mass-charge binding energy and the external mass-charge binding energy. These two kinds of mass-charge binding energies can explain the higher masses of the highly charged brother particles in some of the heavier particle triplets (such as the charmed sigma particles).

scholarly journals Implications and Applications of Fermi Scale Quantum Gravity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Proton Mass ◽  
Nuclear Stability ◽  
Elementary Charge

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed two bold concepts: 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. 2) There exists a strong elementary charge in such a way that its squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to reciprocal of the strong coupling constant. In this paper we propose that, can be considered as a compound physical constant associated with proton mass, electron mass and the three atomic gravitational constants. With these ideas, an attempt is made to understand nuclear stability and binding energy. In this new approach, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with four simple terms having one unique energy coefficient with a formula, where is an estimated mean stable mass number. With this new approach, Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated in a verifiable approach with a model relation of the form, where is the Fine structure constant. Estimated and is 62 ppm higher than the CODATA recommended It needs further investigation. Proceeding further, an attempt is made to fit the recommended quark masses.

scholarly journals Anomalous magnetic moments of free and bound leptons

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Czarnecki ◽  
U D Jentschura ◽  
K Pachucki ◽  
V A Yerokhin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Fundamental Physical

We review the theoretical knowledge of anomalous magnetic moments of free electrons and muons, and of electrons bound in hydrogenlike ions. We discuss applications of these observations in the determination of fundamental physical constants, the fine structure constant, the electron mass, and in searches for new interactions.PACS Nos.: 14.60.–z, 13.40.Em, 32.10.Dk

Fundamental physical constants and reproduction of units of physical quantities

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 573-578
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Tarbeev ◽  
K. A. Krasnov ◽  
N. P. Gerasimov ◽  
V. S. Tuninskii
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Fundamental Physical
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