Effects of Trehalose and Ethanol on Yeast Cytosolic Pyrophosphatase

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahabada Helena José Lopes ◽  
José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes ◽  
Mauro Sola-Penna
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Stress Protectant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Trehalose has been described to protect several enzymes against destabilizing conditions. This sugar is naturally accumulated by yeast as a stress protectant. A common stress condition that yeast is normally submitted is the presence of ethanol, the by-product of fermentation process of several yeast. In this paper we show the effects of trehalose and ethanol, alone or together, on yeast pyrophosphatase, and the effects of these compounds on inhibition and unfolding of pyrophosphatase promoted by urea. We show that both trehalose and ethanol inhibit pyrophosphatase in a dose-dependent manner, and that the presence of ethanol does not modify the inhibition promoted by trehalose as well as the presence of trehalose does not modify the inhibition promoted by ethanol. The effects of trehalose on pyrophosphatase are completely reversible, but the inhibition caused by ethanol was only partially reversible. Incubation of pyrophosphatase with 10% (v/v) ethanol promoted an inhibition of 15%, and the control activity was completely recovered after removal of ethanol. On the other hand, when pyrophosphatase was incubated with 20% (v/v) ethanol an inhibition of 40% of the control activity was observed which persisted after removal of ethanol. Ethanol also potentiates the inhibition of pyrophosphatase promoted by urea, and contributes for an irreversible inactivation and unfolding of pyrophosphatase in the presence of urea. Trehalose, that protects this enzyme against the inhibition and unfolding promoted by the chaotropic compound urea, was inefficient to protect against the effects of ethanol. Trehalose was also efficient to prevent an irreversible inactivation induced by urea.

Zoledronic acid induces anti-cancer effects on prostate cancer cells through the modulation of the angiogenesis associated CYR61 and the androgen-differentiation associated NDRG-1 genes

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21079-21079
Author(s):  
G. Tonini ◽  
B. Vincenzi ◽  
M. Marra ◽  
A. Baldi ◽  
S. Addeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pc3 Cells ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Dose Dependent

21079 Background: Aminobisphosphonates (ABPs) has a definite direct anti-tumour activity but a limited activity in vivo. Their molecular targets are still not completely defined. Therefore, we have studied the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) addition to prostate cancer PC3 cells on gene expression profile. Methods: We have treated PC3 cells with 100 μM ZOL for 24 hours, extracted mRNAs and probed on Affimetrix HG-U133. Thereafter, we have identified down modulated and upregulated genes and checked for modulation of mRNA with RT PCR and of the relative encoded proteins with western blotting. Results: We have found 6 down modulated and 32 upregulated genes. We have focused our attention on NDRG1 associated to the androgen-differentiation and on Cysteine rich 61 (CYR61) involved in the regulation of proliferation and angiogenesis. NDRG1 mRNA was up-regulated and CYR61 mRNA was downregulated by ZOL in a dose-dependent manner. Similar effects were observed at protein product levels with an about 2-fold change recorded already in cells treated with 50 μM ZOL. Interestingly, also Gefitinib, Sorafenib and Tipifarnib used at their IC:50s could induce changes in both NDRG1 and CYR61 expression, but 50 μM ZOL was about 2-fold more potent. On the other hand, cytotoxic agents such as docetaxel did not have any effect. The addition of farnesol (FOH) or geranylgeraniol (GGOH) to ZOL-treated cells was able to counteract the effect of ZOL on CYR61 expression partially or completely, respectively. On the other hand, both FOH and GGOH had poor effect on the regulation of NDRG1 expression induced by ZOL. Conclusions: ZOL induces a strong regulation of the expression of NDRG1 and CYR61 at both mRNA and protein levels that appears to be dose-dependent and specific. CYR61 modulation seems to be more dependent from the inhibition of geranylgeranylation processes while NDRG1 changes could be at least in part independent from the inhibition of isoprenylation induced by ZOL. The study of the biological relevance of these effects on the anti-cancer effects of ZOL is ongoing with small interference RNA approaches. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Thyroid hormones and metamorphosis of sea urchin larvae

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S52-S53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Suyemitsu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Adult Rudiment ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

Algae were supplied continuously to four-armed pluteus larvae of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus until the adult rudiment reached stage g, which is the initial stage of rudiment formation (Chino et al., 1994) After stage g, one group of larvae was reared without the addition of algae for comparison of the development of the adult rudiment with that in larvae given algae. Three days later, only 9.1 ± 0.3% of larvae without algae had reached stage j, while 76.8 ± 0.6% of larvae with algae had reached a stage beyond j, which indicates the formation of the complete adult rudiment.When larvae at rudiment stage g were reared in a medium supplemented with T4 or its derivatives, such as T3, 3,3′,5′-L-triiodothyronine (rT3) or triiodothyropropionine (Tp3), in place of algae, the adult rudiment developed in a dose-dependent manner. T4 was the most effective and induced formation of the adult rudiment in more than 70% of specimens at 1 nM and in almost 100% at 100 nM. T3 was one-tenth as effective as T4. Other derivatives were still less effective. On the other hand, casein, ovalbumin, tyrosine and a mixture of 20 amino acids had no effect on the development of larvae and adult rudiments, suggesting that they were not available as nutrients and sources of thyroid hormones.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Corydalis Cava (Fumariaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Chlebek ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lucie Cahlíková ◽  
Milan Kurfürst ◽  
Jiří Kuneš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tubers of Corydalis cava were extracted with ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol. Repeated column chromatography, preparative TLC and crystallization led to the isolation of fifteen isoquinoline alkaloids. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were tested for human blood acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE) inhibitory activity. (+)-Canadaline inhibited acetylcholinesterase as well as butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 20.1 ± 1.1 μM and 85.2 ± 3.2 μM, respectively. (+)-Canadine, with an IC50 value of 12.4 ± 0.9 μM, was the most potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, whilst (±)-corycavidine and (+)-bulbocapnine were effective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 46.2 ± 2.4 uM and 67.0 ± 2.1 μM, respectively. The other isolated alkaloids were considered inactive (IC50 > 100 μM).

scholarly journals Arbutin Content and Tyrosinase Activity of Bergenia Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Tůmová ◽  
Iva Dolečková ◽  
Helena Hendrychová ◽  
Marie Kašparová
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Diphenolase Activity

The total arbutin content in the leaves of all the studied Bergenia plants ( B. crassifolia, B. ciliata and B. x ornata) was determined. The highest values of the arbutin content have been established for B. crassifolia (58.9 ± 0.7 mg.g−1 DW) and B. x ornata (51.0 ± 1.21 mg.g−1 DW), and the lowest for B. ciliata (5.9 ± 0.6 mg.g−1 DW). Arbutin concentration in the Bergenia leaves was the lowest in spring, in the autumn, on the contrary it increased. All the tested aqueous extracts caused a dose-dependent increase in diphenolase activity of fungal tyrosinase in a similar way as arbutin. On the other hand, all the ethanol extracts inhibited the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase.

Influence of adenosine triphosphate on the isolated perfused mesenteric artery of the rabbit

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. R. Krishnamurty ◽  
P. J. Kadowitz
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Vasodilator Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Dose Dependent

The vascular effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were examined in the isolated perfused mesenteric arteries of the rabbit. Bolus injections of ATP (1 × 10−8 to 10−6 mol) induced a dose-dependent vasoconstrictor response at resting perfusion pressure, while continuous perfusion with ATP briefly elicited a vasoconstrictor response which was not maintained. Perfusion with phentolamine (2.65 × 10−6 M, an α-adrenergic receptor blocker), indomethacin (8.37 × 10−6 M, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), atropine (1 × 10−7 M, a muscarinic receptor blocker), and hydralazine (2 × 10−4 M, a vascular smooth muscle inhibitor) for a period of 1 h had no effect on vasoconstrictor responses to ATP. However, pretreatment with reserpine (2 mg∙kg−1∙day−1 for 2 days), an agent which depletes catecholamines, potentiated responses to ATP. On the other hand, when vascular tone was increased with an isoosmotic 60 mM K+ depolarizing Krebs bicarbonate solution, bolus injections of ATP elicited a prominent dose-dependent vasoconstriction followed by a prominent vasodilation. The degree of vasodilation but not of vasoconstriction elicited by ATP was greater in small terminal arteries with branches (<0.5 mm outside diameter (o.d.)) than in the medium size arteries (≤1 mm o.d.) without terminal branches. Both the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses were unaffected by a perfusion with atropine, indomethacin, or eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA, 1 × 10−4 M) for 1 – 2 h. The vasoconstrictor responses were potentiated while the vasodilator responses were inhibited significantly by perfusion with propranolol (3 × 10−6 M) and phentolamine (2.65 × 10−6 M) together for 1 h or by pretreatment with reserpine followed by cold storage at 2 °C for 24 h. Perfusion with 8-phenyltheophylline (4 × 10−6 M (8-PT), an adenosine receptor blocker) for 1 h significantly inhibited by the vasodilator responses to bolus injections of adenosine but not to ATP. Further, ATP but not adenosine elicited a much more prominent vasodilator response on norepinephrine (NE) induced tone than on 60 mM K+. These studies suggest that ATP may induce vasoconstriction independent of activation of α-adrenergic or muscarinic receptors or enhanced synthesis of prostaglandins. This vasoconstriction is resistant to the inhibitory influence of hydralazine. On the other hand, the vasodilator response to ATP may be mediated through its interactions with released or circulating norepinephrine.

scholarly journals Identification of MicroRNA Targeting Mlph and Affecting Melanosome Transport

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Ah Lee ◽  
Seok Joon Hwang ◽  
Sung Chan Hong ◽  
Cheol Hwan Myung ◽  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Luciferase Activity ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Myosin Va ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

Melanosomes undergo a complex maturation process and migrate into keratinocytes. Melanophilin (Mlph), a protein complex involving myosin Va (MyoVa) and Rab27a, enables the movement of melanosomes in melanocytes. In this study, we found six miRNAs targeting Mlph in mouse using two programs (http://targetscan.org and DianaTools). When melan-a melanocytes were treated with six synthesized microRNAs, miR-342-5p, miR-1839-5p, and miR-3082-5p inhibited melanosome transport and induced melanosome aggregation around the nucleus. The other microRNAs, miR-5110, miR-3090-3p, and miR-186-5p, did not inhibit melanosome transport. Further, miR-342-5p, miR-1839-5p, and miR-3082-5p decreased Mlph expression. The effect of miR-342-5p was the strongest among the six synthesized miRNAs. It inhibited melanosome transport in melan-a melanocytes and reduced Mlph expression in mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner; however, it did not affect Rab27a and MyoVa expressions, which are associated with melanosome transport. To examine miR-342-5p specificity, we performed luciferase assays in a mouse melanocyte-transfected reporter vector including Mlph at the 3′-UTR (untranslated region). When treated with miR-342-5p, luciferase activity that had been reduced by approximately 50% was restored after inhibitor treatment. Therefore, we identified a novel miRNA affecting Mlph and melanosome transport, and these results can be used for understanding Mlph expression and skin pigmentation regulation.

Russia-Belarus Relations: Actual and Virtual Threats

2012 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
K. Borishpolets ◽  
S. Chernyavskii
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Rhetoric ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Cooperation

In the development of Russia-Belarus relations, which, on one hand, give an example of the most close cooperation between post-Soviet states, but, on the other hand, experience a stress condition at times, marked by public rhetoric of the both states' leaders, a definite uncertainty exists, not allowing for providing a clear answer to a question: will Russia and Belarus move on together or alongside of each other?

Effect of Norcantharidin on N-acetyltransferase Activity in HepG2 Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lii-Tzu Wu ◽  
Jing-Gung Chung ◽  
Jung-Chou Chen ◽  
Wei Tsauer
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepg2 Cell ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepg2 Cell Line ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Dose Dependent

The inhibition of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity by norcantharidin (NCTD), the demethylated form of cantharidin, in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells was investigated. By using high performance liquid chromatography, NAT activity on acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (AF) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were examined. Two assay system were performed, one with cellular cytosols, the other with intact HepG2 cell suspensions. The NAT activity in HepG2 cell line was inhibited by norcantharidin in a dose-dependent manner in both types of examined systems: i.e. the greater the concentration of norcantharidin in the reaction, the greater the inhibition of NAT activities. This report is the first to show that norcantharidin has an inhibitory effect on NAT activity in HepG2 cell.

scholarly journals Antiausterity Activity of Arctigenin Enantiomers: Importance of (2R,3R)-Absolute Configuration

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Awale ◽  
Mamoru Kato ◽  
Dya Fita Dibwe ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Chika Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Meoh Extract ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Akt Activation ◽  
Other Hand

From a MeOH extract of powdered roots of Wikstroema indica, six dibenzyl-γ-butyrolactone-type lignans with (2 S,3 S)-absolute configuration [(+)-arctigenin (1), (+)-matairesinol (2), (+)-trachelogenin (3), (+)-nortrachelogenin (4), (+)-hinokinin (5), and (+)-kusunokinin (6)] were isolated, whereas three dibenzyl-γ-butyrolactone-type lignans with (2 R,3 R)-absolute configuration [(-)-arctigenin (1), (-)-matairesinol (2), (-)-trachelogenin (3)] were isolated from Trachelospermum asiaticum. The in vitro preferential cytotoxic activity of the nine compounds was evaluated against human pancreatic PANC-1 cancer cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM), but none of the six lignans (1–6) with (2 S,3 S)-absolute configuration showed preferential cytotoxicity. On the other hand, three lignans (1*–3*) with (2 R,3 R)-absolute configuration exhibited preferential cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner with PC50 values of 0.54, 6.82, and 5.85 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of (-)- and (+)-arctigenin was evaluated against the activation of Akt, which is a key process in the tolerance to nutrition starvation. Interestingly, only (-)-arctigenin (1*) strongly suppressed the activation of Akt. These results indicate that the (2 R,3 R)-absolute configuration of (-)-enantiomers should be required for the preferential cytotoxicity through the inhibition of Akt activation.

scholarly journals Contact and gustatory effects of spinosad on the survivability of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Umme Habiba ◽  
W Islam ◽  
Selina Parween
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of spinosad on the survivability and development of Sitophilus oryzae on four wheat varieties viz., BARI-26, BARI-28, Shatabdi-21 and Prodip-24. Three doses in three replications for spinosad were applied to four wheat varieties. Spinosad concentrations significantly increased the total developmental period compared to the control in a dose-dependent manner on four wheat varieties. The highest developmental period took 41.67 ± 0.33 days to become adult was recorded in S-21 at 0.0003 μl/g of spinosad in F1. All adults of F1 did not reach in F2 because surprisingly all adults died after emergence. So, no developmental period was found in S-21 (0.00±0.00) and B-28 (0.00 ± 0.00) days at 0.0003 μl/g spinosad in F2. On the other hand, five mated females were released on the treated wheat with different concentrations of spinosad for 10 - 15 days; then they were removed. Treated wheat was checked for up to 30 to 60 days and observed the progeny for two successive generations (1st and 2nd). Each combination of insect species, insecticide rate, and exposure duration were replicated three times. Among four wheat varieties, the lowest adult emergence was recorded as 08.00 ± 0.58 in F1 and totally controlled in F2 generation in S-21 variety at 0.0003 μl/g. Spinosad concentrations significantly increased the total developmental period compared to the control in a dosedependent manner on four wheat varieties. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 253-262, 2019

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