Age Related Differences in Lipophilic Compounds Found in Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Spiny-footed Lizards, Acanthodactylus erythrurus

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Esters Of Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions ◽  
First Time

Although chemoreception plays an important role in social organization of many lizards, only a few studies have examined the chemicals found in secretions used for intraspecific communication. We report the composition of the secretion of the femoral glands of males of the spiny-footed lizard (Acanthodactylus erythrurus). On the basis of mass spectra, obtained by GC/MS, we identified 45 lipophilic compounds, including several alcohols ranging from 10 to 29 carbon atoms (mainly hexacosanol and tetracosanol), steroids (mainly cholesterol and dehydrocholesterol), n-C9 to n-C20 carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids, and minor components such as lactones, ketones, squalene and α-tocopherol. Some of these compounds are reported for the first time in lizards. Adult and subadult males differed in the composition of secretions, with C9 to C15 carboxylic acids being more abundant in younger than in older lizards, whereas C16 to C20 carboxylic acids were more abundant in older lizards. Also, older lizards had significant lower proportions of cholesterol and campesterol but higher proportions of dehydrocholesterol.

Lipids in the Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Schreiber’s Green Lizards, Lacerta schreiberi

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions

AbstractIn spite of the importance of chemoreception and chemical signals in social organization of lizards, only a few studies have examined the chemical composition of secretions that lizards use for intraspecific communication. The secretion of the femoral glands of male Schreiber’s green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) contains 51 lipophilic compounds, including several steroids, α-tocopherol, n-C9 to n-C22 carboxylic acids and their esteres, and minor components such as alcohols between C12 and C24, two lactones, two ketones, and squalene. These compounds were identified on the basis of mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS. We compared these chemicals with those found in other lizard species, and discussed how environmental conditions could explain the differential presence of chemicals in different lizards. Particularly, the high abundance of α-tocopherol in this lizard is suggested to contribute to avoid oxidation of other lipids in secretions, increasing chemical stability of scent marks in the humid conditions of its habitat.

Chemical Compounds from Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Iberian Rock Lizards, Lacerta monticola cyreni

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Esters Of Carboxylic Acids ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions

In spite of the importance of chemoreception and chemical signals in the social organization of lizards, there are only a few studies examining the chemical composition of secretions of lizards used for scent marking. The secretion of the femoral glands of male Iberian rock lizards (Lacerta monticola cyreni) contains 44 lipophilic compounds, including several steroids (mainly cholesterol), and n-C6 to n-C22 carboxylic acids, and minor components such as esters of carboxylic acids, alcohols, squalene, and one lactone. These compounds were identified on the basis of mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS. Most lipids were detected in all individuals, although relative proportions of each chemical show a high interindividual variability. This variability might be related to the characteristics or physical and health condition of males and might be the basis of female choice based on chemical cues observed in this lizard species.

Lipophilic Compounds from the Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Hungarian Green Lizards, Lacerta viridis

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kopena ◽  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Lacerta Viridis ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions

In spite of the importance of chemical signals (pheromones) in the reproductive behaviour of lizards, only a few studies have examined the role of specific chemical compounds as sexual signals. The secreted chemicals vary widely between species but whether this variation reflects phylogenetic or environmental differences remains unclear. Based on mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS, we found 40 lipophilic compounds in femoral gland secretions of male green lizards (Lacerta viridis), including several steroids, α-tocopherol, and esters of n-C16 to n-C20 carboxylic acids, and minor components such as alcohols between C12 and C20, squalene, three lactones and one ketone. We compared these chemicals with those previously found in other closely related green lizard species, and discussed how phylogenetical differences and/or environmental conditions could be responsible for the differential presence of chemicals in different lizard species.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents of the Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Tegu Lizards (Tupinambis merianae) (Family Teiidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Martína ◽  
Silvia Chamut ◽  
Mario E. Manes ◽  
Pilar López
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Tupinambis Merianae ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acids ◽  
Very High

In spite of the importance of chemical signals (pheromones) in the reproductive behaviour of lizards, the chemical compounds secreted by their femoral glands, which may be used as sexual signals, are only known for a few lizard species. Based on mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS, we found 49 lipophilic compounds in femoral gland secretions of male tegu lizards (Tupinambis merianae) (fam. Teiidae), including a very high proportion of carboxylic acids and their esters ranging between n-C8 and n-C20 (mainly octadecanoic and 9,12-octadecadienoic acids), with much less proportions of steroids, tocopherol, aldehydes, and squalene. We discuss the potential function of these compounds in secretions, and compare the compounds found here with those documented for other lizard species.

Comparative analysis of lipophilic compounds in eggs of organically raised ISA Brown and Araucana hens

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Pintea ◽  
Francisc Dulf ◽  
Andrea Bunea ◽  
Cristian Matea ◽  
Sanda Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
First Time

AbstractHens’ eggs represent a rich source of important nutrients, including lipids and carotenoids. The lipid composition of hens’ eggs is influenced by genetic factors, age, and diet. The aim of this study was to compare the fatty acids, cholesterol, and carotenoids content of the egg yolk of ISA Brown and Araucana hens grown in free-range housing systems. Fatty acids and cholesterol were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS and carotenoids were quantified by RP-HPLC-PDA.The Araucana egg yolk has a higher lipid content and higher egg-to-albumen ratio than the ISA Brown yolk, while the total cholesterol, carotenoids content and profile are not significantly different. The lipids of the Araucana egg yolk have a higher content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a better n-6/n-3 ratio than the ISA Brown egg yolk lipids. The major carotenoids were lutein and zeaxanthin, which account for more than 83 % in egg yolk. Eggs of both breeds, when raised organically, represent very good sources of highly bio-available lutein and zeaxanthin, pigments which are related to lower risk of age-related macular degeneration. We report for the first time on the fatty acids composition in lipid fractions and the profile and content of carotenoids of the Araucana egg yolk.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of the lipids in femoral gland secretions of wild male tegu lizards, Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae) in comparison with captive-bred males

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Carolina N. Ramiro ◽  
José Martín ◽  
Pedro Ismael da Silva Junior ◽  
Hugo B. A. Pinto ◽  
Arnaldo José C. Magalhães Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions ◽  
Femoral Secretions

AbstractAlthough chemical interactions play an essential role in lizard social behavior, the chemical composition of the femoral gland secretions that many lizards use for communication is known for only a few species, mainly European Lacertids. The tegu lizard, Salvator merianae, is the only species of the Teiidae family for which there is available information on lipids in femoral secretions, but only for captive bred males from Argentina. Here, based on mass spectra obtained by GC-MS, we found 69 lipophilic compounds in femoral gland secretions of wild males S. merianae from Brazil, including cholesterol and high amounts of saturated fatty acids (mainly hexadecanoic and octadecanoic). We found contrasting differences between wild and captive-bred males, which lack cholesterol but present high amount of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid. These within-species differences between wild and captive lizards strongly suggest the important influence of different diets on the chemical composition of the femoral gland secretion and suggest caution when interpreting results from captive animals, even in the same species.

Copper-Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi blieck ◽  
Marc Taillefer ◽  
Florian Monnier
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Copper Catalysis ◽  
Ligand Free ◽  
First Time

The addition of carboxylic acids to allenes was performed for the first time with copper catalysis. The hydrocarboxylation reaction is totally regio- and stereoselective, ligand-free and used catalytic amounts of copper and base.

scholarly journals TERRA: A Novel Biomarker of Embryo Quality and Art Outcome

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Maria Santa Rocca ◽  
Ludovica Dusi ◽  
Andrea Di Nisio ◽  
Erminia Alviggi ◽  
Benedetta Iussig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
First Time

Telomeres are considered to be an internal biological clock, and their progressive shortening has been associated with the risk of age-related diseases and reproductive alterations. Over recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the association between telomere length and fertility, identifying sperm telomere length (STL) as a novel biomarker of male fertility. Although typically considered to be repeated DNA sequences, telomeres have recently been shown to also include a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) known as TERRA (telomeric repeat-containing RNAs). Interestingly, males with idiopathic infertility show reduced testicular TERRA expression, suggesting a link between TERRA and male fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of seminal TERRA expression in embryo quality. To this end, STL and TERRA expression were quantified by Real Time qPCR in the semen of 35 men who underwent assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and 30 fertile men. We found that TERRA expression in semen and STL was reduced in patients that underwent ART (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, TERRA and STL expressions were positively correlated (p = 0.010), and TERRA expression was positively associated with embryo quality (p < 0.001). These preliminary findings suggest a role for TERRA in the maintenance of sperm telomere integrity during gametogenesis, and for the first time, TERRA expression was found as a predictive factor for embryo quality in the setting of assisted reproduction.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Beata Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

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