Pigments of Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Stintzing ◽  
Willibald Schliemann
Keyword(s):  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Pigment Pattern ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

The complex pigment pattern of fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) cap skins has been studied by LC-DAD and mass spectrometry. Among the betaxanthins the corresponding derivatives of serine, threonine, ethanolamine, alanine, Dopa, phenylalanine and tryptophan are reported for the first time to contribute to the pigment pattern of fly agarics. Betalamic acid, the chromophoric precursor of betaxanthins and betacyanins, muscaflavin and seco-dopas were also detected. Furthermore, the red-purple muscapurpurin and the red muscarubrin were tentatively assigned while further six betacyanin-like components could not be structurally allocated. Stability studies indicated a high susceptibility of pigment extracts to degradation which led to rapid colour loss thus rendering a complete characterization of betacyaninlike compounds impossible at present. Taking into account these difficulties the presented results may be a starting point for a comprehensive characterization of the pigment composition of fly agarics.

scholarly journals Objective Clustering of Proteins Based on Subcellular Location Patterns

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Robert F. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Limited Protein ◽  
First Time

The goal of proteomics is the complete characterization of all proteins. Efforts to characterize subcellular location have been limited to assigning proteins to general categories of organelles. We have previously designed numerical features to describe location patterns in microscope images and developed automated classifiers that distinguish major subcellular patterns with high accuracy (including patterns not distinguishable by visual examination). The results suggest the feasibility of automatically determining which proteins share a single location pattern in a given cell type. We describe an automated method that selects the best feature set to describe images for a given collection of proteins and constructs an effective partitioning of the proteins by location. An example for a limited protein set is presented. As additional data become available, this approach can produce for the first time an objective systematics for protein location and provide an important starting point for discovering sequence motifs that determine localization.

scholarly journals Identification of pigments in artworks by inverse tangent derivative of spectrum and a new filtering method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fazlali ◽  
S. Gorji Kandi
Keyword(s):  
Reflectance Spectrum ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Munk Function ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract Employing an economical and non-destructive method for identifying pigments utilized in artworks is a significant aspect for preserving their antiquity value. One of the non-destructive methods for this purpose is spectrophotometry, which is based on the selected absorption of light. Mathematical descriptive methods such as derivatives of the reflectance spectrum, the Kubelka–Munk function and logarithm have been employed for the characterization of the peak features corresponding to the spectrophotometric data. In the present study, the mentioned mathematical descriptive methods were investigated with the aim to characterize the constituents of an Iranian artwork but were not efficient for the samples. Therefore, inverse tangent derivative equation was developed on spectral data for the first time, providing considerable details in the profile of reflectance curves. In the next part, to have a simpler and more practical method it was suggested to use filters made up of pure pigments. By using these filters and placing them on the samples, imaging was done. Then, images of samples with and without filter were evaluated and pure pigments were distinguished. The mentioned methods were also used to identify pigments in a modern Iranian painting specimen. The results confirmed these methods with reliable answers indicating that physical methods (alongside chemical methods) can also be effective in determining the types of pigments.

scholarly journals Investigation and analysis of the fungal community structure in moldy Lonicerae japonicae Flos through ITS2 sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Zhenying Liu ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Lingna Wang ◽  
Gaobin Pu ◽  
Yongqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Class Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Lonicerae japonicae Flos is a traditional Chinese medicine that has the effect is used for clearing away heat and detoxification. When stored improperly, this medicine is susceptible to mold growth, causing fungal contamination, reducing its safety and clinical efficacy. In order to understand the fungal contamination of Lonicerae japonicae Flos, we utilized the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform to characterize fungal communities associated with five moldy Lonicerae japonicae Flos samples from warehouses in China via the sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 regions. These analyses led us to identify 3 phyla, 5 classes, 7 orders, 9 families, 13 genera, and 20 species of fungi in these samples. Of these, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, while Cysticomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Staphylococci were relatively dominant at the class level, and the most prevalent genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Xanthomonas, Microcystis, Talaromyces, and Erysiphe with relative abundance values of 79%, 21%, 94%, 100%, and 98%. In summary, in the present study we conducted the ITS-based comprehensive characterization of fungal communities associated with Lonicerae japonicae Flos for the first time. This approach aims to facilitate the early detection of fungal contamination in Lonicerae japonicae Flos, providing a theoretical basis for the study of anti-mold technologies.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet patterns of flowers revealed in polymer replica – caused by surface architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J Schulte ◽  
Matthias Mail ◽  
Lisa A Hahn ◽  
Wilhelm Barthlott
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Visual Signaling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Structure Lead ◽  
Replication Technique ◽  
First Time ◽  
Uv Reflection

Angiosperms and their pollinators are adapted in a close co-evolution. For both the plants and pollinators, the functioning of the visual signaling system is highly relevant for survival. As the frequency range of visual perception in many insects extends into the ultraviolet (UV) region, UV-patterns of plants play an important role in the flower–pollinator interaction. It is well known that many flowers contain UV-absorbing pigments in their petal cells, which are localized in vacuoles. However, the contribution of the petal surface microarchitecture to UV-reflection remains uncertain. The correlation between the surface structure and its reflective properties is also relevant for biomimetic applications, for example, in the field of photovoltaics. Based on previous work, we selected three model species with distinct UV-patterns to explore the possible contribution of the surface architecture to the UV-signaling. Using a replication technique, we transferred the petal surface structure onto a transparent polymer. Upon illumination with UV-light, we observed structural-based patterns in the replicas that were surprisingly comparable to those of the original petals. For the first time, this experiment has shown that the parameters of the surface structure lead to an enhancement in the amount of absorbed UV-radiation. Spectrophotometric measurements revealed up to 50% less reflection in the UV-absorbing regions than in the UV-reflecting areas. A comparative characterization of the micromorphology of the UV-reflecting and UV-absorbing areas showed that, in principle, a hierarchical surface structure results in more absorption. Therefore, the results of our experiments demonstrate the structural-based amplification of UV-reflection and provide a starting point for the design of bioinspired antireflective and respectively strongly absorbing surfaces.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Dickeya spp. Isolated from Potato Plants and Water Sources in Temperate Climate

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Potrykus ◽  
Malgorzata Golanowska ◽  
Wojciech Sledz ◽  
Sabina Zoledowska ◽  
Agata Motyka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Potato Processing ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Dickeya Solani ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Bacteria from the genera Dickeya (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) and Pectobacterium (formerly E. carotovora) are the agents of blackleg and soft rot on many important crops. In 2005, Dickeya solani was isolated for the first time in Poland from a symptomatic potato plant. To establish the presence and diversity of Dickeya spp. in Poland, we surveyed potato fields and water sources, including surface waters near potato fields and water from potato-processing facilities and sewage plants. Only D. dianthicola and D. solani were isolated from symptomatic potato, and only D. zeae and D. chrysanthemi were isolated from water sources. The Dickeya spp. isolated from potato formed a relatively homogenous group, while those from water sources were more diverse. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive characterization of Dickeya spp. isolated during several years from regions with a temperate climate in Central Europe.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Rhodopsin Kinase Gene in the Suckers of Octopus vulgaris: Looking around Using Arms?

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Al-Sayed Al-Soudy ◽  
Valeria Maselli ◽  
Stefania Galdiero ◽  
Michael J. Kuba ◽  
Gianluca Polese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Rhodopsin Kinase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Characterization

In their foraging behavior octopuses rely on arm search movements outside the visual field of the eyes. In these movements the environment is explored primarily by the suckers that line the entire length of the octopus arm. In this study, for the first time, we report the complete characterization of a light-sensing molecule, Ov-GRK1, in the suckers, skin and retina of Octopus vulgaris. We sequenced the O. vulgaris GRK1 gene, defining a phylogenetic tree and performing a 3D structure model prediction. Furthermore, we found differences in relative mRNA expression in different sucker types at several arm levels, and localized it through in situ hybridization. Our findings suggest that the suckers in octopus arms are much more multimodal than was previously shown, adding the potential for light sensing to the already known mechanical and chemical sensing abilities.

A study of the mineralization of bone by high voltage EM tomography

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
James Arena ◽  
Bruce F. McEwen ◽  
Min Ja Song ◽  
William J. Landis
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Vertebrate Model ◽  
Em Tomography ◽  
First Time

Complete characterization of the inorganic and organic interaction in calcifying tissues is fundamental to understanding their structure-function relations. In this context, high resolution tomographic three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of normally calcifying avian tendon imaged by high voltage electron microscopy has recently been used to determine specific structural features of hydroxyapatite crystals associated with collagen fibrils in this vertebrate model of biological mineralization. The present work is an extension of these previous investigations, now applied to bone for the first time.

Syntheses of Cytosporones A, C, J, K, and N, Metabolites from Medicinal Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Beekman ◽  
Russell A. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Phenyl Acetate ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Medicinal Fungi ◽  
C And N ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
First Time

The syntheses of the fungal metabolites cytosporones A, (±)-C, and N are reported. And the syntheses of cytosporones J and K are described for the first time. The preparation of racemic cytosporone J and racemic cytosporone K, natural products containing the rare 3-isochromanone substructure, was achieved in 8 linear steps with an overall yield of 45 % and 7 linear steps in 46 % yield, respectively, resulting in the complete characterization of these compounds for the first time. The key steps included a recently described homologation of benzoic acid to the analogous phenyl acetate using Birch reductive alkylation conditions, acylation of the appropriate phenyl acetate derivative, and a selective reduction and spontaneous biomimetic lactonization to yield the 3-isochromanone skeleton. The synthesized natural products were evaluated for their biological activity against several clinical strains of human pathogens with all compounds displaying weak antimicrobial activity.

Some Fundamental Relationships for Tubular Heat Exchanger Thermal Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Tubular Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Efficiency ◽  
Derivatives Of

Some basic relationships to characterize tubular heat exchanger thermal performance are derived in terms of the well-known state variables. It is shown that the knowledge of η (NTU), R (heat capacity rate ratio), and partial derivatives of the temperature efficiency P with respect to η and R enables complete characterization of the exchanger performance around an operating point. Thus, the exchanger performance can be readily predicted for the so-called “subdesign” conditions. Likewise, additional criteria to compare various exchanger styles for a given range of operating conditions can be developed. Two such criteria are developed in this paper.

scholarly journals Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of Takotsubo Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9875
Author(s):  
Valentina Ferradini ◽  
Davide Vacca ◽  
Beatrice Belmonte ◽  
Ruggiero Mango ◽  
Letizia Scola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Apical Balloon Syndrome ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), recognized as stress’s cardiomyopathy, or as left ventricular apical balloon syndrome in recent years, is a rare pathology, described for the first time by Japanese researchers in 1990. TTS is characterized by an interindividual heterogeneity in onset and progression, and by strong predominance in postmenopausal women. The clear causes of these TTS features are uncertain, given the limited understanding of this intriguing syndrome until now. However, the increasing frequency of TTS cases in recent years, and particularly correlated to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, leads us to the imperative necessity both of a complete knowledge of TTS pathophysiology for identifying biomarkers facilitating its management, and of targets for specific and effective treatments. The suspect of a genetic basis in TTS pathogenesis has been evidenced. Accordingly, familial forms of TTS have been described. However, a systematic and comprehensive characterization of the genetic or epigenetic factors significantly associated with TTS is lacking. Thus, we here conducted a systematic review of the literature before June 2021, to contribute to the identification of potential genetic and epigenetic factors associated with TTS. Interesting data were evidenced, but few in number and with diverse limitations. Consequently, we concluded that further work is needed to address the gaps discussed, and clear evidence may arrive by using multi-omics investigations.

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