Evaluation of Existing Moisture Content in Brick for Hygrothermal Models in the Rehabilitation of Mass Masonry Walls

Masonry 2018 ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rex A. Cyphers ◽  
Annette M. Cyphers ◽  
Jodi M. Knorowski ◽  
Ashley M. Skertic
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Masonry Walls

scholarly journals The influence of the moisture content in historical masonry walls on the load bearing capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Monika Siewczynska ◽  
Barbara Ksit
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Historical Masonry

The moisture content in historical masonry walls, particularly on the ground floor, caused by i.e. lack of damp insulation, is a phenomenon of common occurrence. It is usually analysed in terms of mycological changes, thermal insulation and frost damage. The paper discusses the influence of the increased moisture content on the weight and load bearing capacity of the structure. The determination of moisture content in masonry elements, performed during the inspection of the building, provides information from which an increase in the structure's weight can be defined. Reliable tests for the moisture content and compressive strength of masonry and mortar components are invasive, and the number of testing in historical buildings should be limited to the minimum necessary to preserve their vintage nature. As a result, the received overall picture of the work of masonry may not be consistent with its actual state since historical buildings could have been rebuilt or repaired, and consequently, contain masonry conversions made of various materials with different properties. Absorbability can serve here as an example as it is a factor that disrupts a reliable determination of load bearing capacity values of masonry structures. The article attempts to determine the change in load bearing capacity of a moist masonry structure compared to the original - in the air-dry state - for various types of historical masonry and mortar components. The main influence analysed was due to capillary action, whereas the effect of other sources of moisture, i.e. salinity, was excluded.

Preparation and Standardization of a Stable AHF Plasma

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M Thelin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Fresh Plasma

SummaryA stable, lyophilized AHF reference plasma has been prepared from pooled plasma from at least 50 normal healthy donors and standardized against a primary standard of fresh plasma from 20 healthy male donors aged 20 to 40. Average AHF potency of a typical lot is 98.8%, and moisture content is less than 0.5%. Under storage at -25° C, this AHF reference plasma is stable for at least 18 months. It has been used in several major coagulation laboratories, and has given consistently satisfactory and reproducible results in AHF assays.

Improvement in the Fock test for determining the reactivity of dissolving pulp

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAO TIAN ◽  
LINQIANG ZHENG ◽  
QINGXIAN MIAO ◽  
CHRIS NASH ◽  
CHUNYU CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Pulp Sample ◽  
Fock Reactivity

The Fock test is widely used for assessing the reactivity of dissolving pulp. The objective of this study was to modify the method to improve the repeatability of the test. Various parameters that affect the repeatability of the Fock test were investigated. The results showed that Fock reactivity is dependent on testing conditions affecting the xanthation between cellulose and carbon disulfide, such as the moisture content of the pulp sample, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, xanthation temperature, carbon disulfide dosage, and xanthation time. The repeatability of the test was significantly improved using the following modified testing procedure: air dried sample in the constant temperature/humidity room, xanthation temperature of 66°F (19°C) in a water bath, xanthation time of 3 h, NaOH concentration of 9% (w/w), and 1.3 mL carbon disulfide.

Examination of moisture content variation within an operational wet deck

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE SCHIMLECK ◽  
KIM LOVE-MYERS ◽  
JOE SANDERS ◽  
HEATH RAYBON ◽  
RICHARD DANIELS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
International Paper ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Moisture Variation

Many forest products companies in the southeastern United States store large volumes of roundwood under wet storage. Log quality depends on maintaining a high and constant wood moisture content; however, limited knowledge exists regarding moisture variation within individual logs, and within wet decks as a whole, making it impossible to recommend appropriate water application strategies. To better understand moisture variation within a wet deck, time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor the moisture variation of 30 southern pine logs over an 11-week period for a wet deck at the International Paper McBean woodyard. Three 125 mm long TDR probes were inserted into each log (before the deck was built) at 3, 4.5, and 7.5 m from the butt. The position of each log within the stack was also recorded. Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine moisture variation over the study period. Moisture content varied within the log, while position within the stack was generally not significant. The performance of the TDR probes was consistent throughout the study, indicating that they would be suitable for long term (e.g., 12 months) monitoring.

PENGARUH VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DAN UMUR SIMPAN ROTI MANIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Alfi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antimikroba (antivirus, antibakteri, dan antijamur). Sehingga VCO dapat memberikan efek pengawet pada bahan makanan, salah satunya adalah roti manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh VCO terhadap karakteristik (fisik dan kimia) dan umur simpan roti manis. Roti manis dianalisis secara fisik (tekstur dan porositas) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kandungan karbohidrat), dan analisis umur simpan dengan FFA, uji organoleptik dan jamur setiap dua hari selama delapan hari penyimpanan di suhu ruang. Variasi perlakuan roti manis adalah dari rasio konsentrasi VCO: margarin: mentega, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik kimia roti manis. Namun, VCO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air roti manis yang dihasilkan, roti manis K memiliki kadar air tertinggi (22,36%) dan berbeda dengan sampel roti manis lainnya. VCO secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur di roti manis pada konsentrasi 8%, 12%, dan 16%. Roti manis K dan A memiliki masa simpan 4 hari, sedangkan roti manis B, C, dan D memiliki masa simpan 6 hari.Kata kunci: VCO, roti manis, karakteristik, umur simpanABSTRACTVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) properties. So that VCO can provide a preservative effect on food ingredients, one of which is sweet bread. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of VCO on characteristics (physical and chemical) and shelf life of sweet bread. Sweet bread was analyzed physically (texture and porosity) and chemistry (moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content), and shelf life analysis with FFA, organoleptic and mold tests every two days for eight days of storage at ambient temperature. Treatment variations of sweet breads is from the ratio of the concentration of VCO: margarine: butter, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). The results showed that VCO did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of sweet bread. However, the VCO has a significant effect on the water content of the sweet bread produced, sweet bread K has the highest moisture content (22,36%) and it is different from other sweet bread samples. VCO effectively inhibits the growth of sweet bread mold at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. K and A sweet bread has a shelf life of 4 days, while sweet breads B, C, and D have a shelf life of 6 days.Keywords: VCO, sweet bread, characteristics, shelf life

KARAKTERISTIK BROWNIES KUKUS TEPUNG JEWAWUT (Setarica italica) DAN TEPUNG MAIZENA DENGAN PENGARUH LAMA PROSES PENGUKUSAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernaulli Putri Mulyanto ◽  
Yustina Wuri Wulandari ◽  
Akhmad Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Process Duration ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

      Brownies merupakan cake coklat yang terbuat dari tepung terigu, lemak, telur, gula pasir dan coklat. Metode pemasakan brownies ada dua yaitu pemanggangan dan pengukusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tepung jewawut dan tepung maizena agar dihasilkan brownies kukus bebas gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi tepung yang memiliki kadar protein tertinggi pada brownies dan untuk mengetahui lama pengukusan yang optimal sehingga menghasilkan brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung yang paling disukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial yaitu faktor pertama ratio tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung (50:50, 40:60 dan 30:70), sedangkan faktor kedua lama pengukusan (30 menit, 40 menit dan 50 menit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Brownies kukus tepung jewawut dan tepung jagung dengan ratio 50:50 dan lama pengukusan 50 menit merupakan ratio yang terbaik karena memiliki kadar protein paling tinggi yaitu 5.828%.  Pada perlakuan ini menghasilkan 19.967% kadar air, 1.585% kadar abu, 1.786% gula total, serta uji organoleptik terhadap warna 3.590 (coklat gelap), tekstur 3.340 (lembut), flavor jewawut 2.855 (sedikit terasa) dan kesukaan keseluruhan 3.285 (disukai). Kata kunci : Brownies, tepung jewawut, tepung jagung, kadar protein.  ABSTRACT      Brownies is chocolate cakes made from flour, fat, eggs, sugar and chocolate. There are two methods of cooking brownies namely roasting and steaming. This study uses millet flour and maizena flour to produced gluten free steamed brownies. This study aims to determine the best of flour formulated which has highest protein content in steamed brownies and to knew the optimal steaming time that produced the most favored  of  steamed brownies millet flour and  corn flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorials, the first factor is ratio of millet flour and corn flour (50:50, 40:60 and 30:70), while the second factor was the duration of steaming process (30, 40 and 50 minutes). The result of the study showed steamed flour of millet flour and corn flour with ratio of 50:50 and with steamed process duration 50 minutes is the best ratio because it had the highest protein content of 5.828%.  In this treatment yielded 19.97% moisture content, 1.585% ash content, 1.786% total sugar and organoleptic test is 3.590 (dark chocolate) colors, 3.340 (soft) texture, 2.855 (slightly felt) millet flavors and 3.285 (preferred) overall preferences. Keywords :  Brownies, millet flour, corn flour, protein content

Effects of Drying Methods on the Biochemical Composition and Organoleptic Properties of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Mormyrus rume and Labeo coubie) of Cross River Obubra, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Fish And Fishery Products ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Consumers all over the world are increasingly becoming aware of the health and nutrition status of fish and fishery products. There have develop some preference for fish species and even their processing methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of two drying methods (smoking and oven drying) on the biochemical components and organoleptic properties of two less preferred food fishes abundant in the study area. The fish samples Mormyrus rume and Labeo coubie were purchased from fresh landings of fishermen at Ahaha beach. The biochemical assay of the moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were conducted in the labouratory using standard methods. The proximate composition of raw M. rume was determined as moisture 70.38%, protein 17.43%, carbohydrate 1.13%, fat 5.93% and ash 2.77% while oven dried were 18.78, 63.85, 3.37, 8.73 and 7.58% respectively. All the proximate parameters and gross energy level investigated were higher (p < 0.05) in M. rume except the moisture content of dried samples of L. coubie. The mineral content were in the order Ca < Mg < Fe < Na < P and < K in both species and were higher in M. rume except Na. The drying methods showed increase in the proximate and mineral compositions in the order raw < smoking and < oven drying except moisture content that decreased respectively is both species. Organoleptic properties revealed that dried samples (smoked and oven) were not significantly different (p < 0.05) in taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptance, however while oven dried had better colour (4.33), smoked dried taste (4.63) better. The drying methods shows concentration of the required nutrients in human diets and were also found to be most palatable by the panellist. To improve fish nutrient quality smoke and oven drying should be encourage.

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