Reducing the Impact of Media Images on Women At Risk For Body Image Disturbance: Three Targeted Interventions

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi D. Posavac ◽  
Steven S. Posavac ◽  
Richard G. Weigel
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Conaglen ◽  
Dennis de Jong ◽  
Veronica Crawford ◽  
Marianne S. Elston ◽  
John V. Conaglen

Purpose. Excess growth hormone secretion in adults results in acromegaly, a condition in which multiple physical changes occur including bony and soft tissue overgrowth. Over time these changes can markedly alter a person’s appearance. The aim of this study was to compare body image disturbance in patients with acromegaly to those with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) and controls and assess the impact of obesity in these groups.Methods. A cross-sectional survey including quality of life, body image disturbance, anxiety and depression measures, growth hormone, and BMI measurement was carried out.Results. The groups did not differ with respect to body image disturbance. However separate analysis of obese participants demonstrated relationships between mood scales, body image disturbance, and pain issues, particularly for acromegaly patients.Conclusions. While the primary hypothesis that acromegaly might be associated with body image disturbance was not borne out, we have shown that obesity together with acromegaly and NFA can be associated with body image issues, suggesting that BMI rather than primary diagnosis might better indicate whether patients might experience body image disturbance problems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Groves ◽  
Steffan Kennett ◽  
Helge Gillmeister

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Pikoos ◽  
Simone Buzwell ◽  
Gemma Sharp ◽  
Susan Rossell

The popularity of videoconferencing platforms has skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, there have been concerns regarding the potential for video-calls to promote appearance dissatisfaction, as individuals are exposed to their reflection on camera for extended periods. The current study characterised current video-usage behaviours and their relationship with appearance dissatisfaction and interest in beauty procedures in the general population. An online survey was completed by 379 adults currently living in Australia. Multiple aspects of video usage were assessed, including engagement in ‘video-manipulation’ techniques to enhance appearance and the focus of visual attention while on video-calls (i.e. on self or others). The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire was administered to determine if video-use behaviours were associated with greater body image disturbance. Over one-third of participants had identified new appearance concerns while on video. Dysmorphic concern was associated with self-focused attention, video manipulation behaviours and increasing appearance concerns. Individuals who identified new video-based appearance concerns reported greater interest in obtaining future beauty and cosmetic procedures. This is the first study to report the potential risks of video-call usage on body image and appearance dissatisfaction. Further research is needed to understand how best to mitigate these risks, as COVID-19 accelerates a virtual age of communication.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chen ◽  
Michael Legal ◽  
Stephen Shalansky ◽  
Tamara Mihic ◽  
Victoria Su

Background: Deaths due to overdose from illicit drugs have risen in Canada, despite various community-led harm reduction programs. There have been limited pharmacist-led inpatient initiatives aimed at reducing opioid harm. The authors’ group recently developed and implemented the Medication and Risk Factor Review, Optimize, Refer at Risk Patients, Educate and Plan (MORE) tool, a systematic checklist designed to help pharmacists follow and enhance the safety of in-hospital opioid prescribing. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led opioid stewardship program utilizing the MORE tool in the care of patients at one tertiary teaching hospital. Methods: This study involved a review of health care records for patients admitted to general surgery and internal medicine clinical teaching units at a tertiary hospital between September 10 and December 31, 2018, for whom opioids were prescribed during the hospital stay. A descriptive data analysis was performed for patients who underwent assessment with the MORE tool. Results: Of the 210 patients who met the initial eligibility criteria, including in-hospital opioid therapy for at least 3 days, 50 were assessed by a pharmacist using the MORE tool. For 40 (80%) of these patients, the pharmacist recommended an intervention, and 35 (87.5%) of these interventions were accepted by the prescriber. Among all 50 patients, the most common pharmacist interventions were adding or optimizing non-opioid pain medications (23 patients [46%]), decreasing opioid dose or frequency (15 patients [30%]), and adding a bowel regimen (9 patients [18%]). Conclusions: Most patients who underwent assessment by a pharmacist had risk factors for adverse events from opioid prescriptions and/or suboptimal orders and drug combinations. The MORE tool provided a guided approach for pharmacists to make targeted interventions aimed at improving opioid safety. A dedicated opioid stewardship pharmacist might be able to provide additional benefit. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Les décès provoqués par les surdoses de drogues illégales ont augmenté au Canada, malgré les divers programmes communautaires axés sur la réduction des risques. Le nombre d’initiatives menées par les pharmaciens auprès des patients hospitalisés visant à réduire les dommages causés par les opioïdes est limité. Le groupe d’auteurs de cette étude a récemment élaboré et mis en place l’outil Medication and Risk Factor Review, Optimize, Refer at Risk Patients, Educate and Plan (MORE) : une liste de contrôle systématique conçue pour aider les pharmaciens à respecter et à renforcer la sécurité de la prescription d’opioïdes en milieu hospitalier. Objectifs : Évaluer l’impact d’un programme de gestion des opioïdes dirigé par des pharmaciens à l’aide de l’outil MORE pour les soins des patients résidant dans un hôpital d’enseignement tertiaire. Méthodes : Cette étude impliquait l’examen des dossiers de santé des patients admis dans les unités d’enseignement clinique de chirurgie générale et de médecine interne d’un hôpital tertiaire entre le 10 septembre et le 31 décembre 2018. Des opioïdes ont été prescrits à ces patients lors de leur séjour hospitalier. Une analyse descriptive des données a été menée auprès des patients ayant fait l’objet d’une évaluation à l’aide de l’outil MORE. Résultats : Sur les 210 patients qui répondaient aux critères d’admissibilité initiaux, notamment à celui d’un traitement aux opioïdes à l’hôpital pendant au moins trois jours, 50 ont fait l’objet d’une évaluation à l’aide de l’outil MORE. Le pharmacien a recommandé une intervention auprès de 40 de ces patients (80 %), et le prescripteur a accepté 35 de ces interventions (87,5 %). Les interventions des pharmaciens les plus répandues réalisées auprès des 50 patients consistaient en l’ajout ou en l’optimisation des analgésiques sans opioïdes (23 patients [46 %]); en la diminution de la dose d’opioïdes ou de leur fréquence (15 patients [30 %]); et en l’ajout d’un régime d’hygiène intestinale (9 patients [18 %]). Conclusions : La plupart des patients ayant fait l’objet d’une évaluation menée par un pharmacien présentaient des facteurs de risque d’effets indésirables découlant des prescriptions d’opioïdes et/ou d’ordonnances et de combinaisons médicamenteuses sous-optimales. L’outil MORE a permis aux pharmaciens d’adopter une approche guidée pour qu’ils puissent effectuer des interventions ciblées visant à améliorer l’innocuité des opioïdes. Un pharmacien affecté spécifiquement à la gestion des opioïdes pourrait offrir des avantages supplémentaires.  


Author(s):  
Kelly C. Allison ◽  
David B. Sarwer

Body image disturbances are common among women in the general population. Less is known about their prevalence and impact during pregnancy. This chapter examines the history of body image theory and research. Next, we examine issues related to body image during pregnancy, such as pregravid weight, gestational weight gain, and the unique ways women think about the changes to their body during pregnancy. The role of physical activity, mood, and eating disorders in relation to peripartum body image disturbance is also discussed. Finally, assessment of body image disturbance and existing treatments are presented. Future research is needed to develop peripartum-specific body image assessment tools and to assess the impact of psychosocial interventions during and after pregnancy on body image dissatisfaction.


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