BIOTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE OF SACCAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAIN Y-503 IN LYOPHILIC DRIED DEPENDING ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE NUTRIENT MEDIUM

The influence of certain nitrogen compounds - components of glucose-peptone medium (GPM) on the accumulation of carotenoids by some strains was investigated by surface cultivating basidiomycetes. The total carotenoid content was set in acetone extracts of mycological material spectrophotometrically and calculated using the Vetshteyn formula. As the nitrogen-containing components used GPM with 9 compounds, such as peptone, DL-valine, L-asparagine, DL-serine, DL-tyrosine, L-proline, L-alanine, urea, NaNO3. The effect on the accumulation of specific compounds both in the mycelium and in the culture fluid of carotenoids by culturing certain strains of Basidiomycetes was identified. Adding to standard glucose-peptone medium peptone at 5 g/l causes an increase of carotenoid accumulation by strain L. sulphureus Ls-08, and in a concentration of 4 g/l by strains of F. hepatica Fh-18 and F. fomentarius Ff-1201. In order to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in the mycelium we suggested to make a standard glucose-peptone medium with proline or valine for cultivating of L. sulphureus Ls- 08 strain; alanine for F. fomentarius Ff-1201 strain; proline, asparagine and serine - for strain Fh-18 of F. hepatica. The results can be implemented in further optimization of the composition of the nutrient medium for culturing strains of Basidiomycetes wich producing carotenoids. Keywords: nitrogen-containing substances, Basidiomycetes, mycelium, culture filtrate, carotenoids

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Influence of storey of cuttings of test glass plants and nutrient medium upon induction of formation of tubers of potato in vitro of grades of different groups of ripeness

Visnyk agrarnoi nauky ◽

10.31073/agrovisnyk201805-07 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

G. Balashova ◽

Ju. Lavrynenko ◽

R. Vozhegova ◽

B. Kotov

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Medium

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The Role of Temperature and Heterotrophism in Determining Crude Oil Toxicity

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1975.009 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 73-83

Author(s):

J.E.S. Graham ◽

T.C. Hutchinson

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

General Pattern ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Chlamydomonas Eugametos ◽

Wide Range ◽

Oil Toxicity

Abstract Crude oil spills are increasingly likely to occur from drilling, pumping and transportation activities as oil development proceeds at a rapid pace. These spills may occur over the wide range of climatic conditions which obtain in Canada. Little is known of oil toxicity at different temperatures; consequently, laboratory studies were made of the variability of the toxicity of aqueous extracts of a Norman Wells crude oil to freshwater algae over the temperature range 5°C to 35°C. Two unicellular green algae were studied: Chlamydomonas eugametos and Chlorella vulgaris. Their response (measured by cell numbers) varied with temperature and species. Whereas Chlamydomonas eugametos showed a general pattern of growth inhibition by oil at all temperatures with maximum inhibition at 25°C, Chlorella vulgaris showed general growth stimulation by oil with maximum stimulation at 25°C, this temperature was chosen for all further experimentation. All experiments were done using unialgal cultures and sterile technique. Cells were grown in 50 ml of nutrient medium (BBM) in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Such flasks allow gas exchange and permit loss of volatile hydrocarbons. Aqueous extracts were made by slowly stirring 5% crude oil with the nutrient medium for six hours using a magnetic mixer. The extract was then allowed to sit for two to four hours before the lower fraction was drawn off for use. Experiments were carried out in controlled environment chambers (±2°C) with a twelve hour light-dark cycle. All further experiments used a similar methodology. (Note: Chlamydomonas eugametos experiments were carried out on a rotary shaker at 125 rpm.) An attempt was made to determine the reason for the remarkable stimulation in growth of Chlorella vulgaris #29 at 25°C. This organism has been described in the literature as heterotrophic. Thus three reasons for stimulation seemed possible: 1. heterotrophic uptake of hydrocarbons directly from solution; 2. heterotrophic uptake of organic compounds formed or released by microbial breakdown of hydrocarbons (the aqueous extract of crude was not sterile); or 3. the use of CO2 released to solution by microbial respiration. The original experiment was repeated in the dark at 20°C to determine if stimulation still occurred. It did not, since cells exposed to the aqueous extract decreased in numbers. However, after two weeks the cells were illuminated and even though experimental flasks started off with depleted populations, they outgrew the control cells within two weeks. This suggested that if stimulation was related to heterotrophism, it must, at least in this case, have been the unusual case of photoheterotrophism. The reasons for this stimulation of growth are currently under investigation. Several methods are being employed to investigate the suspected heterotrophism. Experiments will be done to determine whether light energy is essential to the stimulation. Two varieties of Chlorella vulgaris, i.e. #29 and #260 are heterotrophic and autotrophic respectively, are to be used in experiments. Sterile aqueous extracts made by pressure ultrafiltration will be used. These experiments should determine whether algal growth stimulation is related to heterotrophism or whether microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is the real source of stimulation. Although the toxicity of crude oil may be rapidly ameliorated by physical and/or biological phenomena, one must still be aware of the possibility of a large input of organic carbon causing extensive eutrophication. Thus both toxicity and eutrophication will cause a selection, in terms of survival, in a natural environment. It is evident that although an oil spill may not totally destroy an ecosystem, it will certainly alter its natural composition considerably.

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Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1990-0607 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 602-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. Merkel ◽

J. Reichling

Keyword(s):

Callus Culture ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Comparative Investigation ◽

In Vitro Cultures ◽

Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽

Whole Plants ◽

Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

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Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7050118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar Tripathi ◽

Niraj Tripathi ◽

Sushma Tiwari ◽

Gyanendra Tiwari ◽

Nishi Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Suspension ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Cell Suspension Cultures ◽

Suspension Cultures ◽

Embryonic Axis ◽

Santalum Album ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Santalum Album L ◽

Embryogenic Tissues

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 g L−1 sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L−1 each of TDZ and GA3 in conjunction with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 20.0 g L−1 sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening.

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Use of Yeast Mannoproteins by Oenococcus oeni during Malolactic Fermentation under Different Oenological Conditions

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1540

Author(s):

Aitor Balmaseda ◽

Laura Aniballi ◽

Nicolas Rozès ◽

Albert Bordons ◽

Cristina Reguant

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Hydrolytic Activity ◽

Malolactic Fermentation ◽

Oenococcus Oeni ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Inhibitor Compounds

Oenococcus oeni is the main agent of malolactic fermentation in wine. This fermentation takes place after alcoholic fermentation, in a low nutrient medium where ethanol and other inhibitor compounds are present. In addition, some yeast-derived compounds such as mannoproteins can be stimulatory for O. oeni. The mannoprotein concentration in wine depends on the fermenting yeasts, and non-Saccharomyces in particular can increase it. As a result of the hydrolytic activity of O. oeni, these macromolecules can be degraded, and the released mannose can be taken up and used as an energy source by the bacterium. Here we look at mannoprotein consumption and the expression of four O. oeni genes related to mannose uptake (manA, manB, ptsI, and ptsH) in a wine-like medium supplemented with mannoproteins and in natural wines fermented with different yeasts. We observe a general gene upregulation in response to wine-like conditions and different consumption patterns in the studied media. O. oeni was able to consume mannoproteins in all the wines. This consumption was notably higher in natural wines, especially in T. delbrueckii and S. cerevisiae 3D wines, which presented the highest mannoprotein levels. Regardless of the general upregulation, it seems that mannoprotein degradation is more closely related to the fermenting medium.

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Conservation, Regeneration and Genetic Stability of Regenerants from Alginate-Encapsulated Shoot Explants of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1666

Author(s):

Stefanos Hatzilazarou ◽

Stefanos Kostas ◽

Theodora Nendou ◽

Athanasios Economou

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Genetic Stability ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Shoot Tips ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Short Term ◽

Alginate Encapsulation ◽

Gardenia Jasminoides ◽

Regeneration Response

The present study demonstrates the potential of the alginate encapsulation of shoot tips and nodal segments of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, the short-term cold storage of artificial seeds and subsequent successful conversion to desirable, uniform and genetically stable plantlets. Shoot tips and first-node segments below them, derived from shoots of in vitro cultures, responded better than second-to-fourth-node segments on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium and thus, they were used as explants for alginate encapsulation. Explant encapsulation in 2.5% sodium alginate in combination with 50 mM of calcium chloride resulted in the production of soft beads, while hardening in 100 mM of calcium chloride formed firm beads of uniform globular shape, suitable for handling. The addition of liquid MS nutrient medium in the sodium alginate solution doubled the subsequent germination response of the beads. The maintenance of alginate beads under light favored their germination response compared to maintenance in darkness. Encapsulated shoot tip explants of gardenia, which were stored at 4 °C for 4, 8 or 12 weeks, showed a gradual decline in their regeneration response (73.3, 68.9, 53.3%, respectively), whereas, non-encapsulated explants (naked), stored under the same time durations of cold conditions, exhibited a sharp decline in regeneration response up to entirely zeroing (48.9, 11.1, 0.0%, respectively). Shoots, derived from 12-week cold-stored encapsulated explants, were easily rooted in solid MS nutrient medium with the addition of 0.5 μM of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and after transplantation of the rooted plantlets individually to pots containing a peat–perlite (3:1, v/v) substrate, they were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse under the gradual reduction of 75 or 50% shading with survival rates of 95–100%. The genetic stability of the acclimatized plantlets was assessed and compared with the mother plant using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR analysis confirmed that all regenerated plantlets were genetically identical to the mother plant. This procedure of artificial seed production could be useful for the short-term storage of germplasm and the production of genetically identical and stable plants as an alternative method of micropropagation in Gardenia jasminoides.

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Movement of nutrients in fungi. I. The Mycelium

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9680071 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

LB Thrower ◽

SL Thrower

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Medium ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Taxonomic Position ◽

Deficient Medium ◽

The Difference ◽

Hyphal Apex

Thirty-one species of fungi (representing 13 orders) were examined for their ability to grow from a nutrient medium onto a non-nutrient medium; 17 were capable of colonizing the deficient medium, 10 were not, and 4 were indeterminate. The ability to grow onto deficient medium appeared to be related to the natural habitat of the fungus rather than to taxonomic position. Experiments with isotopically labelled nutrients showed that both colonizing fungi and non-colonizing fungi were capable of some transport of nutrients, the difference between the two groups being one of degree. In transporting fungi, labelled nutrients were moved more rapidly when the fungus colonized a deficient medium than when it colonized a nutrient medium; this suggested that movement of nutrients is adaptive to some extent. The importance of the growing hyphal apex as a sink for nutrients was demonstrated.

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