Movement of nutrients in fungi. I. The Mycelium

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB Thrower ◽  
SL Thrower
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Deficient Medium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyphal Apex

Thirty-one species of fungi (representing 13 orders) were examined for their ability to grow from a nutrient medium onto a non-nutrient medium; 17 were capable of colonizing the deficient medium, 10 were not, and 4 were indeterminate. The ability to grow onto deficient medium appeared to be related to the natural habitat of the fungus rather than to taxonomic position. Experiments with isotopically labelled nutrients showed that both colonizing fungi and non-colonizing fungi were capable of some transport of nutrients, the difference between the two groups being one of degree. In transporting fungi, labelled nutrients were moved more rapidly when the fungus colonized a deficient medium than when it colonized a nutrient medium; this suggested that movement of nutrients is adaptive to some extent. The importance of the growing hyphal apex as a sink for nutrients was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Brain Size of the African Grasscutter (Thryonomys Swinderianus, Temminck, 1827) at Defined Postnatal Periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Ibe ◽  
S. O. Salami ◽  
N. Wanmi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Thryonomys Swinderianus ◽  
Physiological Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

Abstract As a sequel to the current advancement in ethology, this study was designed to provide information on the brain size of the African grasscutter at specific postnatal periods and to extrapolate these findings to the behaviour of the rodent in its natural habitat. Brain samples were extracted from African grasscutter neonates on postnatal day 6, juveniles on postnatal day 72 and adults on postnatal day 450 by basic neuro-anatomical techniques. The weight, volume and dimensions of the brain samples were determined in absolute and relative terms. Their encephalisation quotient was also computed. There was a very strong positive correlation between nose-rump length and brain length in the neonates. The relative brain weight of neonates, juveniles and adults were 3.84 ± 0.12 %, 2.49 ± 0.07 % and 0.44 ± 0.03 %, respectively. The differences were significant (P < 0.05). The encephalisation quotient of juveniles was 1.62 ± 0.03 while that of the adult was 0.49 ± 0.02. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). The results were extrapolated to the animal’s cognitive ability, and compared with other rodents. It was concluded that the juvenile African grasscutter may have higher cognitive ability than the adult rodent, thus, juveniles should be preferred in physiological studies of memory and cognition.

scholarly journals The importance of alkalinity of culture media in mycology

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232-1232
Author(s):  
A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
The Difference

Kadisch (Dermat. Ztsch. Bd. 55, H 5/6, 1929), studying the importance of alkalinity of nutrient media in mycology, cultivated 30 varieties of various fungi, most of them pathogenic for humans, on media of different alkalinity and different composition. A. comes to the conclusion that fungi are cultivated best of all on alkalinity media Ph = 7, 2-7.6, the diameter of the colonies with it is the largest, the type of culture can be determined on the basis of the difference in the alkalinity of the nutrient medium.

scholarly journals Content of phenolic compounds in Acorus calamus L. tissue culture and nutrient culture medium under in vitro conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Revutska ◽  
V. N. Belava ◽  
A. V. Golubenko ◽  
N. Yu. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Population Level ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Difference

Aim. To find out the biochemical peculiarities of Acorus calamus L of the two genotypes, acquired from different populations, an analysis of phenolic compounds in explant tissues and in nutrient medium in vitro was conducted. Methods. Plants, acquired by microclonal multiplication were studied. To detect general phenol content, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used, for flavonoid content - zirconium chloride crystallohydrate nitrate (IV). Xanthone content was identified by Vysochina G.I. and Kukushkina T.A. methods with our own modifications. The extracts were studied using spectrophotometric measurements. Results. Tissues of A. calamus and the nutrient medium contained different amount of phenolic compounds, depending on parent plant origin and in vitro cultivation duration. Conclusions. Since the explants were cultivated in identical conditions, the difference of phenolic compound content both in tissues and nutrient medium indicates genetic variability of A. calamus plants on population level. Key words. Acorus calamus, culture in vitro, phenols, flavonoids, xanthones.

Late Cambrian radiolarian faunas and biostratigraphy of the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun-Zu Won ◽  
William J. Iams
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Head Group ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Green Point ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
The Difference

Well-preserved Late Cambrian radiolarian faunas were recovered from carbonate rocks of the Cow Head Group of the Great Northern Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Several different faunal assemblages were recognized from three strata at Green Point, one from a stratum at Martin Point, and three from strata at Broom Point South in Gros Morne National Park. The faunas contain nine genera, five of which are new, and 33 species, all but two of which are new. The five new genera are Curvechidnina, Grosmorneus, Pararcheoentactinia, Ramuspiculum, and Subechidnina. Most of the genera belong to the families Archeoentactinidae, Echidninidae, Palaeospiculumidae, and Protoentactiniidae; a few taxa have an uncertain taxonomic position. Echidnina, whose taxonomic identity was uncertain, is shown to be a radiolarian.The diversity of each of these faunas is similar, but the difference in faunal compositions among the faunas examined is distinct. From this analysis, the Late Cambrian strata between Martin Point and Green Point can be more precisely correlated, and the previous correlation has been revised. With the recovery of the conodonts in this study, the provisionally placed boundary between the Franconian and Trempealeauan at Martin Point by earlier researchers is revised and positioned between unit 30 and unit 31.The biostratigraphic range of the co-occurring conodonts indicates that the youngest fauna described in this paper belongs to the Eoconodontus notchpeakensis Zone of late Trempealeauan age and that the other faunas (from Martin Point and Green Point) are of Franconian age.

scholarly journals The Range of Prey Size of the Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrat Mukherjee ◽  
Neera Sen Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bengal Tiger ◽  
The Difference

Relatively little is known about the feeding habit of the Royal Bengal Tiger of Sundarbans and the relative biomass of individual prey base species that the predator consumes during each kill. This is the first attempt to collect such data from the study area. Data sets of two phases have been used. Identification of undigested remains of 214 tiger scat samples was carried out. A comparison with Sundarbans tigers in zoo has been made. In its natural habitat, the tiger consumes more of spotted deer, followed by wild boar, rhesus monkey, and water monitor. Though the tiger consumes a relatively low proportion of small prey species to meet its dietary requirements, it gains importance in the present perspective. Significant increase is noted in the relative number of prey species consumed in the second phase, which correlates well with increased prey availability. Hypotheses formulated to find the difference in prey biomass and relative number of prey consumed have been tested statistically. A significant difference in terms of relative number of prey consumed only was derived which has been qualitatively correlated with the positive effect of increased vigilance, as revealed by secondary data, on conserving tiger habitat vis-a-vis the increased prey availability in Sundarbans.

Physiological reactions to cold of Bushmen, Bantu, and Caucasian males

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Wyndham ◽  
J. F. Morrison ◽  
J. S. Ward ◽  
G. A. G. Bredell ◽  
M. J. E. Von Rahden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tissue Insulation ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Made In

Two separate studies of the reactions to cold of one sample of 8 and one sample of 15 Kalahari Bushmen were made in their natural habitat and the results compared with the Bantu and, to a smaller extent, with the Caucasians. With a decrease in temperature from 27 to 5 C the metabolisms of all three groups rose. Metabolic rates per square meter of Bantu and Bushmen were similar, although higher than those of the Caucasians, but the percentage increases were closely similar for all groups. Rectal temperatures of Bushmen and Bantu were similar and decreased as the temperature dropped, while that of the Caucasians rose. Toe and finger temperatures of the Bushmen were higher over the whole temperature range than those of the Bantu and Caucasians, while the average skin temperatures were closely similar. Metabolic rates and rectal temperatures, therefore, indicate that subcutaneous tissue insulation against heat flow is greater for the Caucasians than for the Bantu or the Bushmen. Measurements of average skinfold thicknesses confirm this finding. Bushmen and Bantu reactions are quantitatively similar, but are qualitatively slightly different. From these findings we conclude that the difference between Bushmen, Bantu, and Caucasians is essentially morphological. desert and "river" Bushmen in the heat; effect of morphology on reaction to heat; heat reactions of Bantu and Bushmen; state of acclimatization to heat of Bushmen and Bantu; sweat rates of Bantu and Bushmen in standard heat conditions Submitted on October 21, 1963

scholarly journals Growth and reproduction performance of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) fed with different feed regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Ketut Maha Setiawati ◽  
Zeny Widiastuti ◽  
Sari Budi Moria Sembiring ◽  
N.A. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Gonad Weight ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Growth and reproduction performance of sea cucumber (Stichopus sp.) fed with different feeding regimes. This study aims to know the effects of different feeding regimes on sea cucumbers' growth and gonad development. Sea cucumbers used in this experiment were collected from the natural habitat in Northern Bali waters. Five individuals of sea cucumber (BW 334 ± 58 g; TL 22,5± 3,5 cm) were placed in each of four concrete tanks size 0,85 x 2 x 0,5 m3 with flow-through water systems. There were two feeding treatments in this study: A) fresh benthos and B) a combination of fresh benthos and seaweed (Ulva and Sargassum). Feed was given as much as 2.5 to 5 %, once in the afternoon. Observed variables were the growth and gonad stage and the weight at the end of the experiment. The study showed that the different feeding regimes significantly influenced the sea cucumber growth and gonad weight, but not the gonad stage. Sea cucumber fed with a combination of benthos and seaweed performed better growth and higher gonad weight. The difference in the feed did not affect gonad development.

scholarly journals Approach to Improve Edible Bird Nest Quality & Establishing Better Bird Nest Cleaning Process Facility through Best Value Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Tan Kok Hong ◽  
Choy Chia Fah ◽  
Alan Kiat Ong Han
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Bird Nest ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nest Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Nest Quality

Edible bird nest industries have existed for more than a century; however, it has been going through a few revolution cycles. As harvesting EBN from the natural habitat in the dark and dim limestone caves to the modern purpose-built swiftlet farms, the quality and quantity of the bird nests have risen to a new level. This success of changing the habitat of swiftlet colonies is revolutionary because the ease of rescuing bird nests from life-threatening experiences to a safe environment has improved. Furthermore, with a synthetic environment, the quality of bird nests has improved with decreased levels of pollution and the colony`s population increased due to better growth along with protection from predators. On the downside, edible bird nest cleaning processes experienced very few changes since the discovery of edible bird nests. The method of cleaning remains unchanged. Several machines have been introduced to replace human labor and the results are either ineffective or undesirable. In this study, existing practices were observed and analyzed by identifying the area of opportunity for improvement. A new proposed method has been implemented to enhance the quality and nutrients of the bird nests. The experimental methodology has been employed to analyzes a set of samples obtained from both cleaning methods. The results show a smaller expansion rate under the current method in processing edible bird nest; hence, the possibility of nutrients preserved has increased by 30% under the new method. The percentage of crude protein concentration in the newly improved method was 50.25% whereas in the traditional method, it was only 31.16%. This clearly indicates the difference of 19.09% nutrient lost between the new improved method and traditional cleaning method.

scholarly journals ON STUDY OF BOVINE PYROPLASMOSIS IN THE LOWLAND AND FOOTHILL ZONES OF ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Vardanyan ◽  
Movsesyan ◽  
Petrosyan ◽  
Nykogosyan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Species Being

In two landscape zones of the Republic of Armenia, the regularities of the course of one of the most common haemosporidiosis in cattle, piroplasmosis, were studied. Based on our research, a difference was established in the timing of the onset of the disease, the number of outbreaks, and the severity of clinical signs in animals of the lowland and foothill zones. We have proved that 4 outbreaks of the disease took place in the farms of the lowland zone: the first at the end of April after the attack of ticks on the animal. At the same time, the first symptoms of the disease were noted. The second outbreak of the disease and a high degree of ticks were recorded in the second half of July. The third outbreak was in early August and the fourth in autumn starting from the 10th of October. In contrast to the lowland, there were 3 outbreaks of piroplasmosis in the farms of the foothill zone, and they were not very pronounced. This phenomenon can be explained by the difference in the temperature regime of the natural habitat. In the lowland zone, 4 species of ticks were recorded with the dominant species being Boophilus annulatus rarely found in the foothill zone. In the foothill zone, the same species of ticks as in the lowland were identified, along with the species Dermacentor marginatus.

scholarly journals Rapid plant regeneration, analysis of genetic fidelity, and neoandrographolide content of micropropagated plants of Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathish Shekhappa Kadapatti ◽  
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Micropropagated Plants

Abstract Background Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees is a medicinal plant which was reported to have the highest concentration of neoandrographolide that has several therapeutic values. Natural populations of Andrographis alata are dwindling due to destruction of natural habitat and over exploitation. Therefore, in vitro propagation of Andrographis alata was undertaken, and successful method is presented here. Results Micropropagation of Andrographis alata was realized on MS nutrient medium augmented with BAP (10 μM), and multiple shoots were regenerated from nodal explants. Induction of roots was attained from shoots on ¼ concentration of MS nutrient medium supplemented with IBA (1 μM). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis showed that there is genetic fidelity in the regenerated plants. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of regenerated plants showed the presence of neoandrographolide, equivalent to that of mother plants. Conclusions Successful in vitro regeneration of Andrographis alata is presented here, and it is quite useful for its mass multiplication. The micropropagated plants are useful for restoration of plants in nature and for utilization by the pharmaceutical industry for extraction of neoandrographolide.

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