Investigation of probiotic potential of yeasts isolated from sourdoughs from different regions of Turkey

In this study, 14 yeast cultures from 62 isolates from traditional sourdoughs collected from 6 different regions of Turkey were selected by FT-IR identification and characterised to reveal their probiotic properties. Four yeast strains were genotypically identified and compared with FT-IR identification. In all analyses, it was observed that mostly Saccaromyces cerevisiae strain exhibited high hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation feature, and all yeast isolates in this study showed tolerance to 0.3%, even salt concentration. In addition, all yeast strains were susceptible to anti-yeasts agents, although they were resistant to all antibiotics used in the study. All selected yeast isolates exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, this study investigated the potential probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from sourdough.

Respon Imun Non-Spesifik Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) yang Diberi β-Glukan Melalui Diet Pakan

Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) merupakan ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan di Jawa Barat dan memiliki harga jual yang relatif tinggi sehingga banyak dibudidayakan secara intensif. Tingginya padat tebar dan konsumsi pakan pada budidaya intensif menyebabkan penurunan kualitas air akibat timbunan sisa pakan dan ekskresi ikan, menimbulkan stress sehingga ikan mudah terserang penyakit. Penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan air tawar adalah Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), disebabkan oleh Aeromonas hydrophila. Untuk mengatasinya, pada umumnya dilakukan pengobatan dengan antibiotik, namun dapat mengakibatkan resistensi bakteri sehingga perlu alternatif lain. Salah satu alternatif adalah penggunaan ß-glucan dari ekstraksi ragi roti Saccaromyces cerevisiae untuk meningkatkan imunitas ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan β-glucan terhadap respon imun non-spesifik pada ikan mas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Dosis ß-glucan yang digunakan 0 g, 2,5 g, 5 g, 7,5 dan 10 g per kg pakan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu diferensial leukosit meliputi persentase limfosit, monosit dan neutrofil serta aktivitas fagositosis. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis of Varians (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk melihat pengaruh antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ß-glucan melalui pakan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase limfosit, peresentase neutrofil dan aktivitas fagositosis namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase monosit. Dosis optimum untuk meningkatkan respon imun non-spesifik ikan mas yaitu 5 g/kg pakan.

SARS-COV-2 can induce an alteration of the autoimmune profile

Objective: The study evaluated the autoimmune profile of COVID-19 positive hospitalised patients. Methods: 40 hospitalised patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were given clinical chemistry and autoimmunity tests. Results: The 40 patients enrolled in our hospital had elevated levels of common inflammatory markers such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and ferritin. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration was also increased, confirming the key role of this interleukin during severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The most common autoimmunity tests were performed. A significant prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and anti-Saccaromyces cerevisiae (ASCA IgA and IgG) was found. Patients showing a de novo autoantibody response were those with a worse disease prognosis. Conclusion: Our study shows that COVID-19 infection can trigger an autoimmune response and could induce the onset of autoimmune diseases. These data explain why drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases could also be useful in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Efeito do Enterococcus faecium e Saccharomyces cerevisiae na resposta imunológica, parâmetros hematológicos e ganho de peso de bezerros alimentados com silagem de milho.

O uso de probióticos a base de leveduras melhora o ganho de peso e o sistema imunológico de bovinos frente a grandes desafios imunológicos, no entanto permanece a dúvida se seu uso também apresentaria efeito em desafios mais tênues. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho verificou se o uso de probiótico a base de Enterococcus faecium e Saccaromyces cerevisiae via oral interfere na imunidade inata e no peso de bezerros sadios, em fase de crescimento, alimentados principalmente com silagem de milho. Para tanto, 12 bezerros da raça Jersey (120 kg ±50 kg e 4-7 meses de idade), foram alocados nos grupos controle (n=6) ou tratamento (n=6), de acordo com a oferta de probiótico (2g/dia, via oral) durante 45 dias. Nos dias 0, 15, 30 e 45, os animais foram submetidos a pesagens, exames clínicos, e colheita de sangue para realização de hemograma e mensuração do metabolismo oxidativo neutrofílico. Observou-se que, o probiótico promoveu pequeno e pontual incremento na função neutrofilica sanguínea (P=0,10, D15), incremento nos valores de hematócrito e hemoglobina (P=0,03 e 0,05, D45), além de maior ganho de peso nas fases iniciais da administração do suplemento (P=0,05), permitindo concluir que o suplemento é benéfico para animais em fase de adaptação de trocas de dieta e de manejo, mesmo quando estes desafios são tênues.

Evaluation of Pathogenic Microorganisms that Cause Onion Bulb Rots in Selected Markets in Abuja, Nigeria

Onion bulb rots are caused by microorganisms especially fungi and bacteria leading to economic loss. The research study evaluated the microorganisms associated with the rots of onion bulbs. The microorganisms isolated include fungi species such as Saccaromyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifera, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium digitatum and bacterial species such as Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli. Results from the percentage distribution of the fungi in the spoilt onion bulbs about the markets showed the highest percentage distribution of 42.85% for the samples from Bwari market and the lowest percentage distribution of 28.57% for Dutse and Zuma respectively. It was observed that the percentage distribution of the bacteria about the markets were 42.85% for the samples from Bwari market and 21.42% from Zuma market. Pathogenicity tests for Fungi revealed that all the isolated fungi were pathogenic on onion bulbs, however; Saccaromyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum were the most pathogenic leading to the rapid disintegration of the infected bulbs within 14 days of inoculation while Rhizopus stolonifer was the least pathogenic. Pathogenicity tests for Bacteria revealed that all the isolated bacteria were pathogenic on onion bulbs with Pseudomonas spp. as the highest pathogenic and Escherichia coli the least.

PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN MORTALITAS BROILER DAN AYAM KAMPUNG YANG DI BERI LIMBAH AMPAS PATI AREN TIDAK DIFERMENTASI DAN DIFERMENTASI DALAM RANSUM

The objectives of this research were to study the percentage of carcass of broiler and native chicken given arenga waste fermentation by Saccaromyces cerevisiae and to study arenga waste unfermentation in the ration. Sixty of broiler chickens Arbor Acres strain and sixty native chickens were divided into four dietary treatments and three replications (10 birds/replicate). The design of this experiment was completely randomized design factorial 2x2, with factor A was feeding (A1 : arenga waste unfermented, A2 : arenga waste fermented), and factor B was chicken species (B1:native chickens, B2:broilers). The variables observed were: (1) body weight, (2) carcass, (3) percentage of carcass, and (4) Mortality.The purposes of this study were to look at the effectiveness of rations and species of chicken used for the percentage of carcass and mortality. The results showed that there was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the fed arenga waste fermented or unfermented 2.5% in the ration,and the type of chicken on weight, carcass and carcass percentage, but there was an interaction on mortality (P<0.01). The fed had no significant (P>0,05) effect on weight, carcass, and carcass percentage, but percentage, but significant effect (P <0.05) on mortality. Types of chickens had a significant effect (P <0.05) on weight, carcass, percentage of carcass and mortality. The mortality rate with unfermented arenga waste was high enough, especially in broiler chickens, but it can be tolerated on native chicken and broilers with saccaromyces cerviseae fermented arenga waste. Keywords : Arenga Waste, Fermentation Arenga Waste, Native Chickens, Broiler

Asam Lemak Bebas dan Angka Peroksida pada Minyak Kelapa Hasil OlahanTradisional dan Hasil Olahan dengan Penambahan Saccharomyces cereviseae

Minyak merupakan zat makanan yang penting untuk menjaga tubuh manusia, dan juga merupakan sumber energi yang efektif dibandingkan dengan karbohidrat dan protein. Minyak mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan dikenal secara luas sebagai medium pengahantar panas, menambah cita rasa, gizi dan aroma dalam menggoreng. Pengujian kualitas minyak tersebut diantaranya dengan menentukan kadar asam lemak bebas dan angka peroksida.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kadar asam lemak bebas dan angka peroksida pada minyak kelapa hasil olahan tradisional dan hasil olahan dengan penambahan Saccharomyces cerevisiae (konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%). Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak kelapa hasil olahan tradisional = 0,95% dan kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak kelapa hasil olahan dengan penambahan Saccaromyces cerevisiae (konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%) berturut-turut adalah (0,71%, 0,63%, 0,62%, 0,57%, dan 0,50%). Sedangkan angka peroksida pada minyak kelapa hasil olahan tradisional = 0,88 mg oksigen/100 g bahan dan angka peroksida pada minyak kelapa hasil olahan dengan penambahan Saccaromyces cerevisiae (konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%) berturut-turut adalah (0,80 ; 0,68; 0,61; 0,50; dan 0,44 mg/100 g bahan). Kedua minyak tersebut memenuhi syarat SNI 7381:2008.Kata kunci : Asam Lemak Bebas dan Angka Peroksida, Minyak Kelapa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Performance of Broilers and Native Chickens Fed with Unfermented and Fermented Arenga Waste

The objectives of this research were to study the performances of broilers and native chicken given arenga waste (APAF) fermentation by Saccaromyces cerevisiae and arenga waste unfermentation (APA) in the ration. Sixty day-old chicks of broiler Arbor Acres strain and sixty native chicken were divided into four dietary treatments and three replications (10 birds/replicate). Design of this experiment was completely randomized design factorial 2x2, with factor A was feeding (A1 = arenga waste unfermentation, A2 = arenga waste fermentation), and factor B was chickens type (B1=native chicken, B2=broilers). The variables observed were: daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion. The results showed that the performances of the broiler given fed with unfermented and fermented arenga waste showing no significant differences between all treatments. The results showed that there is an interaction between feeding and chicken type was no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion from this research of using fermented and unfermented arenga waste until level of 2.5% in ration showed no significant differences in the performance.