Cognitive Function and Oral Health Status in Stroke Patients

BACKGROUND Till date no longitudinal prospective study have investigated the association between the oral health status and cognitive decline in the geriatric Indian population, possibly due to past studies differing in target groups and methodologies. We aimed to investigate the association between tooth loss, as evaluated through clinical oral examinations, and the development of cognitive decline in the older adults while considering baseline cognitive function. OBJECTIVE to investigate the association between tooth loss, as evaluated through clinical oral examinations, and the development of cognitive decline in the older adults while considering baseline cognitive function. METHODS This 5-year prospective cohort study followed 140 participants (mean age: 72.5 ± 4.3 years) without cognitive impairment aged ≥65 years (mean age: 70.9 ± 4.3 years) living in the Dhule Region of Maharashtra , India. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in baseline and follow-up surveys,while oral health examination was carried out using Oral Hygiene Index To investigate the association between oral health status and cognitive decline, we applied a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, depressive symptoms, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, duration of education, and baseline MMSE score. RESULTS In the 5 years after the baseline survey, we have obtained an overall incidence of 20.71%. population who developed cognitive decline (i.e., MMSE scores of ≤24). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with compromised oral health were more likely to develop cognitive decline than those with mild to moderate oral health were (odds ratio: 3.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–10.2). Age, male gender, and baseline MMSE scores were also significantly associated with cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Poor Oral health status was independently associated with the development of cognitive decline within 5 years among the geriatric population of India . This finding corroborates the hypothesis that oral health may be a predictor or risk factor for cognitive decline. CLINICALTRIAL Not applied

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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Oral Health Status, Salivary Gland Function, and Oxidative Stress in the Saliva of Patients with Subacute Phase of Stroke: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9072252 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 2252 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Piotr Gerreth ◽

Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽

Anna Zalewska ◽

Karolina Gerreth ◽

Katarzyna Hojan

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Study Group ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Subacute Phase ◽

Oxidative Damage To Proteins

This is the first study to assess, comprehensively, the oral health status; salivary glands’ function and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense; and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients. The study included 30 patients in the subacute phase of the stroke and an age and gender-matched control group. We showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and salivary peroxidase) was significantly higher in both NWS and SWS of stroke patients, similarly to uric acid concentration. However, in the study group, the reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in SWS decreased. The contents of protein glycooxidation products (advanced glycation end products (AGE) and protein oxidation products (AOPP)) and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly higher in NWS and SWS of stroke patients. In the study group there was also a decrease in stimulated saliva secretion and total protein content. Interestingly, products of protein and lipid oxidation correlate negatively with SWS flow. The ROC analysis showed that salivary GSH with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity differentiates the analyzed groups (AUC = 1.0). To sum up, in subacute stroke patients there are redox imbalances and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva. Stroke patients also suffer from salivary gland dysfunction.

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Oral health status in relation to cognitive function among older Japanese

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research ◽

10.1002/cre2.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Masanori Iwasaki ◽

Yumi Kimura ◽

Akihiro Yoshihara ◽

Hiroshi Ogawa ◽

Takayuki Yamaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Oral Health Status

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Is an Oral Health Status a Predictor of Functional Improvement in Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Comprehensive Rehabilitation Treatment?

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11030338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Piotr Gerreth ◽

Karolina Gerreth ◽

Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽

Anna Zalewska ◽

Katarzyna Hojan

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

World Health ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Rehabilitation Team ◽

Comprehensive Rehabilitation

The study’s aim was a clinical observation concerning the influence of oral health on functional status in stroke patients undergoing neurorehabilitation. This pilot cross-sectional clinical study was performed in 60 subacute phase stroke patients during 12 weeks of treatment. The program was patient-specific and consisted of neurodevelopmental treatment by a comprehensive rehabilitation team. The functional assessment was performed using the Barthel index (BI), Berg balance scale (BBS), functional independence measure (FIM), and Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III (ACE III) scales. Oral health was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and it was presented using DMFT, DMFS, gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PlI). Significant improvement in many functional scales was noticed. However, important differences in most dental parameters without relevant changes in GI and PlI after the study were not observed. Reverse interdependence (p < 0.05) was shown between physical functioning (BI, FIM, or BBS) with GI and PlI results, and most dental parameters correlated with ACE III. Using multivariate regression analysis, we showed that ACE III and BI are predictive variables for DMFT, just as FIM is for DS (p < 0.05). The present research revealed that poor oral health status in patients after stroke might be associated with inpatient rehabilitation results.

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Association Between Cognitive Decline and Oral Health Status in the Aging Population

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000271 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Swapnil Sunil Bumb ◽

Charu Chitra Govindan ◽

Safalya S. Kadtane ◽

Roshani Chawla ◽

Ruchika Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Health Examination

Abstract. Background: To date, no longitudinal prospective study has investigated the association between oral health status and cognitive decline in the geriatric Indian population, possibly because past studies differed in their target groups and methodologies. We investigated the association between tooth loss, as evaluated through clinical oral examinations, and the development of cognitive decline in older adults while considering baseline cognitive function. Objectives: This study served to find an association between oral health status and the subsequent development of cognitive decline in older adults of Maharashtra state while considering baseline cognitive function. Material and Methods: This 5-year prospective cohort study followed 140 participants without cognitive impairment aged ≥ 65 years (mean age: 70.9 ± 4.3 years) living in the Dhule region of Maharashtra, India. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in baseline and follow-up surveys, while oral health examination was carried out using Oral Hygiene Index. To investigate the association between oral health status and cognitive decline, we applied a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, depressive symptoms, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, duration of education, and baseline MMSE score. Results: In the 5 years after the baseline survey, we obtained an overall incidence of 20.71% in the population that developed cognitive decline (i.e., MMSE scores of ≤ 24). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with compromised oral health were more likely to develop cognitive decline than those with mild to moderate oral health were (odds ratio: 3.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–10.2). Age, male sex, and baseline MMSE scores were also significantly associated with cognitive decline. Conclusion: Among the geriatric population of India, poor oral health status was independently associated with the development of cognitive decline within 5 years. This finding corroborates the hypothesis that oral health may be a predictor or risk factor for cognitive decline.

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