scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimelis Assefa ◽  
Berhanu Erko ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Zelalem Assefa ◽  
Techalew Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Raj Tiwari ◽  
Prakash Ghimire ◽  
Sarala Malla ◽  
Bimala Sharma ◽  
Surendra Karki
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been a significant problem in HIV patients, worldwide. In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in people infected with HIV and attending National Public Health Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal, for CD4 T-cell count. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 745 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count was conducted. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 19.5 to 25.5). In univariate analysis, age, sex, longer time since diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL, diarrhoea, marital status, and being under tuberculosis (TB) treatment were significantly associated with increased odds of intestinal parasite infection. However, in the logistic regression model, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL (adjusted OR=4.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 7.0), diarrhoea (adjusted OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.3) and being under TB treatment (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.6) remained as significant predictors. On stratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ µL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. The parasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/µL. Conclusions: Both protozoal and helminthic intestinal parasitic infections are common in HIV-infected people seeking care in healthcare facilities. The poor immune status as indicated by low CD4 T-cell count and TB may account for such a high risk of parasitic infection.

Intestinal Parasites Infections among HIV Infected Children Under Antiretrovirals Treatment in Yaounde, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
William Baiye Abange ◽  
Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽  
Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽  
Clement Assob Nguedia ◽  
Nelly Kamgaing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common communicable diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes dysregulation of the immune system through the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes which gives rise to opportunistic infections. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2018. Stool and blood samples were collected from participants aged 1 to 19. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal parasites. Blood samples were analyzed for HIV and CD4 + T cell counts. Results Out of 214 children enrolled, 119 (55.6%) were HIV infected and 95 (44.4%) were HIV non-infected. All infected children were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.2% in HIV infected and 15.8% in non-infected children. Among the 119 HIV infected children, 33 (27.7%) of them had a CD4+ T cell count less than 500 cells/mm3, and amongst them 5.9% had CD4+ T cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. Among HIV infected children, Cryptosporidium spp. was frequently detected, 7/119 (5.9%), followed by Giardia lamblia 5/119 (4.2%) then Blastocystis hominis 3/119 (2.5%) and Entamoeba coli 3/119 (2.5%). Participants on ART and prophylactic co-trimoxazole for &gt;10 years had little or no parasite infestation. Conclusions Although ART treatment in combination with prophylactic co-trimoxazole reduces the risk of parasitic infection, 20.2% of HIV infected children harbored intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium spp. Stool analysis may be routinely carried out in order to treat detected cases of opportunistic parasites and such improve more on the life quality of HIV infected children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV infected patients presenting with diarrhea and their association with CD4+ Counts

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh D Singh ◽  
Vinod Singh
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been an important problem in HIV patients, worldwide. Hence, this study was undertaken toestablish the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among people with and without HIV infection and its association with diarrhea andCD4 T-cell count. we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in peopleinfected with HIV. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 1490 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count wasconducted. Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 29.25 to 38.25). In univariate investigation, age, sex,longer time because diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/μL, diarrhoea, wedded status, and individual under tuberculosis (TB)treatment were drastically related with increased chances of intestinal parasite infection. Nevertheless, in the logistic malfunctionrepresentation, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/μL (accustomed OR=6.3, 95% CI 3.75 to 10.5), diarrhoea (accustomed OR=4.2,95% CI 2.7 to 6.45) and individual under TB cure (adjusted OR=4.35, 95% CI 2.7 to 6.45) remain as significant predictors. Onstratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ μL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. Theparasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/μL. Conclusions: HIV infectionincreased the risk of having intestinal parasites and diarrhoea. Therefore, raising HIV positive’s immune status and screening for intestinalparasites is important. This study showed that Immunodeficiency increased the risk of having opportunistic parasites and diarrhea. Therefore;raising patient immune status and screening at least for those treatable parasites is important.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12203     Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 96-100 

The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ Levels and their Relationship with HIV-RNA and CD4+ T Cells in HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Gülay Okay ◽  
Meliha Meric Koc ◽  
Eray Metin Guler ◽  
Ayşegül Yabaci ◽  
Abdürrahim Kocyigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Serum cytokine levels over the course of HIV infection usually increase with immunosuppression and decrease after antiretroviral treatment (ART). Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare cytokine levels between HIV-infected patients (HIP) and controls and investigate the relationship between CD4+T cell count, HIV-RNA levels, and cytokine levels. Methods: The study subjects comprised ART-naive HIP (n=30) with no comorbidities and age-and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum samples of HIP at the beginning and at month 6 of ART and in controls. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.7 ±10.3 years, with men making up 86.7% of the study subjects (n=26). IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both ART-naive (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001) and ART-experienced HIP (p<0.001) than controls. The IFN-γ level was lower in both ART-naive and ART-experienced HIP compared to controls (p=0.082 and p=0.002). There was a positive correlation between the CD4+T cell count and serum concentration of IFN- γ(r=0.320, p<0.05). While the serum IFN-γ concentration showed a negative correlation with the HIVRNA level(r=-0.412, p<0.001), the serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations showed a positive correlation with the HIV-RNA level (r=0.349, p<0.001; r:0.54, p<0.001; r:0.438, p<0.00). Conclusions: Although serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α showed a significant decrease after ART, they were still significantly higher than the controls. IFN-γ responded differently to ART compared to the other cytokines, indicating that it may play a distinct and important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

scholarly journals HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1–Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Kelly ◽  
Henry C Mwandumba ◽  
Robert S Heyderman ◽  
Kondwani Jambo ◽  
Raphael Kamng’ona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background The contribution of immune activation to arterial stiffness and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Methods HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4+ T-cell count of &lt;100 cells/μL were enrolled and followed for 44 weeks; enrollment of infected adults occurred 2 weeks after ART initiation. We evaluated the relationship between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and T-cell activation (defined as HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells), exhaustion (define as PD-1+ T cells), and senescence (defined as CD57+ T cells) and monocyte subsets, using normal regression. Results In 279 HIV-infected and 110 HIV-uninfected adults, 142 (37%) had hypertension. HIV was independently associated with a 12% higher cfPWV (P = .02) at baseline and a 14% higher cfPWV at week 10 (P = .02), but the increases resolved by week 22. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion were independently associated with a higher cfPWV at baseline (P = .02). At 44 weeks, arterial stiffness improved more in those with greater decreases in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). When considering HIV-infected participants alone, the adjusted arterial stiffness at week 44 tended to be lower in those with higher baseline percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .054). Conclusions PD-1+CD8+ T-cells are associated with HIV-related arterial stiffness, which remains elevated during the first 3 months of ART. Resources to prevent cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa should focus on blood pressure reduction and individuals with a low CD4+ T-cell count during early ART.

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