Effects of Cadmium on Seed Germination, Coleoptile Growth, and Root Elongation of Six Pulses

In order to select phytotoxin producing rhizobacteria to control weed plants, twenty five bacterial strains previously isolated from the rhizospheres of various plants were grown in a liquid medium and, after cell removal by centrifugation, the liquid phases were freeze-dried and the products were extracted with ethyl acetate/methanol. The extracts were concentrated to dryness under vacuum and dissolved in water and sucrose solution to be submitted to in vitro assays of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptile growth. Although most samples affected coleoptile growth, only those from four strains reduced lettuce seed germination. Two strains of Bacillus cereus, one strain of B. pumilus and one of Stenotrophoonas altophilia were the most promising microorganisms for producing phytotoxin and, consequently, for the development of new weed control products.

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Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in alfalfa, tomato, and cucumber at the germination stage: Root development and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac-con-12-09-05 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (12) ◽

pp. 2161-2174 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Guadalupe de la Rosa ◽

Martha Laura López-Moreno ◽

David de Haro ◽

Cristian E. Botez ◽

José R. Peralta-Videa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Zno Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

Zn Content ◽

Spectroscopy Studies ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Germination Stage

Past reports indicate that some nanoparticles (NPs) affect seed germination; however, the biotransformation of metal NPs is still not well understood. This study investigated the toxicity on seed germination/root elongation and the uptake of ZnO NPs and Zn2+ in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Seeds were treated with ZnO NPs at 0–1600 mg L–1 as well as 0–250 mg L–1 Zn2+ for comparison purposes. Results showed that at 1600 mg L–1 ZnO NPs, germination in cucumber increased by 10 %, and alfalfa and tomato germination were reduced by 40 and 20 %, respectively. At 250 mg Zn2+ L–1, only tomato germination was reduced with respect to controls. The highest Zn content was of 4700 and 3500 mg kg–1 dry weight (DW), for alfalfa seedlings germinated in 1600 mg L–1 ZnO NPs and 250 mg L–1 Zn2+, respectively. Bulk X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results indicated that ZnO NPs were probably biotransformed by plants. The edge energy positions of NP-treated samples were at the same position as Zn(NO3)2, which indicated that Zn in all plant species was as Zn(II).

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Potential Phytotoxic Effect of Essential Oil of Non-Native Species Impatiens parviflora DC.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8070241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jana Jurová ◽

Martina Matoušková ◽

Anna Wajs-Bonikowska ◽

Danuta Kalemba ◽

Marek Renčo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Main Compound ◽

Impatiens Parviflora ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Dicot Species

Impatiens parviflora is non-native invasive plant species occupying large areas all over the Europe and threatens native communities by altering their species composition and reducing native biodiversity. The factor responsible for its spreading could be explained by releasing biochemical to the environment. On the other hands, high demand on secondary metabolites as potential source of new ecofriendly biocides could be beneficial. The analysis of I. parviflora essential oil (EO) led us to identify more than 60 volatiles. The main compound was hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, other dominant components were phytol, carvacrol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-α-ol, and pentacosane. The potential phytotoxic effect of I. parviflora EO collected in two vegetation periods (summer and autumn) was evaluated on seed germination and root elongation of three dicot species (Raphanus sativus, Lepidum sativum, and Lactuca sativa) and on one monocot species (Triticum aestivum). The seed germination of only one dicot species, L. sativa, was affected by both EOs. In contrast, seed germination of monocot species T. aestivum was influenced only by the highest doses of EOs isolated from I. parviflora in autumn. The root elongation of tested plant species was less influenced by I. parviflora EOs. L. sativum showed sensitivity to one dose of EOs hydrodistilled in summer, while the monocot species was influenced by both EOs samples in highest doses. Our findings revealed that I. parviflora contained phenolics that were phytotoxic to the germination of some plant species, mainly at higher EOs doses, while root elongation of tested plants was not suppressed by essential oils.

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