Interpreting the Internet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Jay Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changes Over Time

This book provides the first in-depth exploration of how Latin American feminist and queer activists have interpreted the internet, from its inception in the region through the explosion of social media. They have done so to support their counterpublics: the diverse and dynamic arenas in which they develop their identities, build their communities, and hone their strategies for social change. This region boasts a long history of gender- and sexuality-based counterpublic construction, supported by a range of alternative media. Since the 1990s, aided by a global network of women and men dedicated to establishing an accessible internet, activists have translated the internet into their own vernacular. Through an analysis of original research based on over 125 interviews and online evidence spanning fifteen years, this book advances three interrelated arguments. First, it supports the sociomaterial thesis that, as with all technologies, the internet is influenced by the social contexts in which it is embedded. But this influence changes over time and place. Second, the internet in itself offers no guarantee of social or political transformation. Instead, this book’s third argument is that the internet’s potential depends on the consciousness and creativity with which activists translate it into their own contexts, through adopting, sharing, and wielding it. In Latin America, feminist and queer counterpublic organizations have taken advantage of all three layers of the internet – physical, logical, and content – to extend and enrich their communities. And, led by their “keystone species” of early adopting, technologically savvy members, they have transformed applications from distribution lists to blogs in order to reflect their values.

The Effect of User Location and Time of Access on Ecommerce

2010 ◽  
pp. 969-974
Author(s):  
Chetan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Internet Traffic ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
User Location

The amount and range of information on the Internet is growing at a rapid pace. Cisco systems report (2008) expects Internet traffic growth to be spurred by video, social networking and collaboration applications collectively referred to as Web 2.0 technologies. The Cisco systems report (2008) forecasts that “global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic will increase by a factor of six from 2007 to 2012, reaching 44 exabytes per month in 2012, compared to fewer than 7 exabytes per month in 2007.” ComScore report (2009) estimates that the total global Internet audience has surpassed 1 billion visitors in December 2008. Magid Abraham, CEO of ComScore Inc., says “Surpassing one billion global users is a significant landmark in the history of the Internet. It is a monument to the increasingly unified global community in which we live and reminds us that the world truly is becoming more flat. The second billion will be online before we know it, and the third billion will arrive even faster than that, until we have a truly global network of interconnected people and ideas that transcend borders and cultural boundaries.” The increase in Internet traffic is aided because making information available online is becoming relatively inexpensive, and as more people have Internet access demand for information increases. The trend of increasing Internet traffic is likely to continue (Datta et al. 2003, Cisco systems report 2008).

Internet History

2012 ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Network ◽  
American Research ◽  
Internet History ◽  
Share Information

This paper outlines and analyzes milestones in the history of the Internet. As technology advances, it presents new societal and ethical challenges. The early Internet was devised and implemented in American research units, universities, and telecommunication companies that had vision and interest in cutting-edge research. The Internet then entered into the commercial phase (1984-1989). It was facilitated by the upgrading of backbone links, the writing of new software programs, and the growing number of interconnected international networks. The author examines the massive expansion of the Internet into a global network during the 1990s when business and personal computers with different operating systems joined the universal network. The instant and growing success of social networking-sites that enable Netusers to share information, photos, private journals, hobbies, and personal as well as commercial interests with networks of mutual friends and colleagues is discussed.

Internet History

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Network ◽  
American Research ◽  
Internet History ◽  
Share Information

This paper outlines and analyzes milestones in the history of the Internet. As technology advances, it presents new societal and ethical challenges. The early Internet was devised and implemented in American research units, universities, and telecommunication companies that had vision and interest in cutting-edge research. The Internet then entered into the commercial phase (1984-1989). It was facilitated by the upgrading of backbone links, the writing of new software programs, and the growing number of interconnected international networks. The author examines the massive expansion of the Internet into a global network during the 1990s when business and personal computers with different operating systems joined the universal network. The instant and growing success of social networking-sites that enable Netusers to share information, photos, private journals, hobbies, and personal as well as commercial interests with networks of mutual friends and colleagues is discussed.

scholarly journals Os movimentos ambientalistas e a educação ambiental: a militância como espaço educativo / Environmental movements and environmental education...

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Elaine Junqueira ◽  
Clarice Sumi Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Environmental Movements ◽  
History Of ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

Foi no interior dos Movimentos Ambientalistas que surgiram a primeiras iniciativas do que chamamos atualmente de Educação Ambiental. E é sobre estes movimentos que este estudo se debruça, desenvolvendo um histórico dos mesmos no mundo e no Brasil, a fim de conhecer suas principais características, contextos sociais em que surgiram e sua relação com uma educação que nasceu da militância junto a esses movimentos sociais. Este estudo é parte de uma pesquisa maior que se propõe ao estudo do estado da arte da pesquisa em EA no Brasil, que analisou teses e dissertações desta área do conhecimento e que abordam a temática dos movimentos ambientalistas. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, baseado em autores referenciados nestas teses e dissertações e aqueles que permitiram um diálogo fecundo com os mesmos. Este estudo demonstrou que a herança dos movimentos ambientalistas europeus e norte-americanos sobre os nossos movimentos é inegável, fomentando discussões e ações em torno de suas principais ideias até os dias atuais. Todavia a realidade social brasileira, que é bem diferente da realidade destes outros países, trouxe particularidades que marcaram expressivamente a nossa experiência. Assim, os movimentos ambientalistas brasileiros escreveram uma nova história, possivelmente mais próxima da história dos movimentos na América Latina, cuja realidade social é mais próxima da nossa. Infelizmente, esta história latino-americana não pôde ser desenvolvida neste texto. O papel da educação ambiental neste contexto, enquanto uma educação não formal e de caráter sociopolítico, nascida da militância no seio destes movimentos ambientalistas, é destacado ao final deste texto.Palavras-chave: Movimentos ambientalistas; Educação ambiental; Educação popular. ABSTRACT: It was within the Environmental Movements that the first initiatives of what we now call Environmental Education arose. And it is on these movements that this study studies, developing a history of the same ones in the world and in Brazil, in order to know its main characteristics, social contexts in which they appeared and its relation with an education that was born of the militancy next to these social movements . This study is part of a larger research that proposes to study the state of the art of research in EA in Brazil, which analyzed theses and dissertations of this area of knowledge and that address the theme of environmental movements. It is a theoretical study, based on authors referenced in these theses and dissertations and those who allowed a fruitful dialogue with them. This study has shown that the legacy of European and US environmental movements about our movements is undeniable, fostering discussions and actions around their main ideas to this day. However, the Brazilian social reality, which is very different from the reality of these other countries, brought particularities that marked our experience significantly. Thus, Brazilian environmental movements have written a new history, possibly closer to the history of movements in Latin America, whose social reality is closer to our own. Unfortunately, this Latin American story could not be developed in this text. The role of environmental education in this context, as a non-formal and socio-political education, born of militancy within these environmental movements, is highlighted at the end of this text.Keywords: Environmental movements; Environmental education; Popular education.

Resources for Latin American art in the Gulbenkian Art Library

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Ana Barata
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
American Art ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Latin American Art ◽  
Brazilian Art ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Special Relevance

From its creation in 1968 the Gulbenkian Art Library has possessed a number of special collections, and these have been enriched through major bequests or through acquisition. Currently there are about 180 collections with relevance for the study of Portuguese art and culture: they include private libraries, the private archives of Portuguese artists and architects, and photographic archives. Material in the special collections is available through the library’s catalogue and some have already been digitised and are available on the internet, depending on their copyright terms and conditions. Among these special collections two have special relevance to the study of the history of Brazilian art and architecture: the collection of Portuguese tiles and the Robert Smith Collection.

Balancing Act: Identity and Otherness among Latin American Immigrants and their Food Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Paulette Kershenovich Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Latin American Immigrants

This article deals with the identity construction of Latin American immigrants in Israel through their food practices. Food is a basic symbolic element connecting cultural perceptions and experiences. For immigrants, food is also an important element in the maintenance of personal ties with their home countries and a cohesive factor in the construction of a new identity in Israel, their adopted homeland. Food practices encode tacit information and non-verbal cues that are integral parts of an individual’s relationship with different social groups. In this case, I recruited participants from an online group formed within social media platforms of Latin American women living in Israel. The basic assumption of this study posits that certain communication systems are set in motion around food events in various social contexts pertaining to different national or local cuisines and culinary customs. Their meaning, significance and modifications and how they are framed. This article focuses on the adaptation and acculturation processes because it is at that point that immigrants are faced with an interesting duality of reconstructing their unique cultural perceptions to either fit the existing national collective ethos or create a new reality. In this study, the main objective is to compare two different immigrant groups: Jewish and non-Jewish women from Latin America who came to Israel during the last ten years. The comparative nature of the research revealed marked differences between ethnic, religious and cultural elements that reflect coping strategies manifested in the cultural production of food and its representation in two distinct domains: private and public. In the former, it is illustrated within the family and home and how they connect or clash with the latter in the form of consumption in public. Combining cultural studies and discourse analysis, this article offers fresh insight into new models of food practices and reproductions. The article’s contribution to new food research lies in its ability to shed light on how inter-generational and inter-religious discourses are melded while food practices and traditions are embedded in a new Israeli identity.

Queering Musical Biography in the Writings of Edward Prime-Stevenson and Rosa Newmarch

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-118
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Franseen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Benjamin Britten ◽  
Twentieth Century Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Symphonic Music ◽  
Biographical Knowledge

Beginning with the “open secret” of Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears's relationship and continuing through debates over Handel's and Schubert's sexuality and analyses of Ethel Smyth's memoirs, biography has played a central role in the development of queer musicology. At the same time, life-writing's focus on extramusical details and engagement with difficult-to-substantiate anecdotes and rumors often seem suspect to scholars. In the case of early-twentieth-century music research, however, these very gaps and ambiguities paradoxically offered some authors and readers at the time rare spaces for approaching questions of sexuality in music. Issues of subjectivity in instrumental music aligned well with rumors about autobiographical confession within Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 (Pathétique) for those who knew how to listen and read between the lines. This article considers the different ways in which the framing of biographical anecdotes and gossip in scholarship by music critic-turned-amateur sexologist Edward Prime-Stevenson and Tchaikovsky scholar Rosa Newmarch allowed for queer readings of symphonic music. It evaluates Prime-Stevenson's discussions of musical biography and interpretation in The Intersexes (1908/9) and Newmarch's Tchaikovsky: His Life and Works (1900), translation of Modest Tchaikovsky's biography, and article on the composer in Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians to explore how they addressed potentially taboo topics, engaged with formal and informal sources of biographical knowledge (including one another's work), and found their scholarly voices in the absence of academic frameworks for addressing gender and sexuality. While their overt goals were quite different—Newmarch sought to dismiss “sensationalist” rumors about Tchaikovsky's death for a broad readership, while Prime-Stevenson used queer musical gossip as a primary source in his self-published history of homosexuality—both grappled with questions of what can and cannot be read into a composer's life and works and how to relate to possible queer meanings in symphonic music. The very aspects of biography that place it in a precarious position as scholarship ultimately reveal a great deal about the history of musicology and those who write it.

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