1957

Peyote Effect ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Over Time

After several decades in which scientists produced a slow trickle of scholarship on the potential uses of peyote/mescaline for mental health afflictions, in the 1950s this genre of psychiatric research into hallucinogens expanded significantly. Mexico remained a relative backwater for this type of work until 1957, when Dr. José Rodríguez at the Sanatorio Psiquiatrico Santiago Ramírez Moreno in Mexico City initiated a mescaline study, in which a young Mexican doctor named Salvador Roquet participated. Though terrified and initially incapacitated by his experience, over time, Roquet came to believe that the psychedelics he took in this session offered profoundly powerful tools for psychiatry. Over the course of a decade, he sought to learn as much as he could about these drugs from their traditional users, the shamans of the Mazatec and Huichol communities, and to build a medical practice in Mexico City that translated that knowledge into something that would be useful for his urban, ladino, and generally well-educated patients. His Clínica de Psicosíntesis operated in Mexico City from 1967 to 1974.

On the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologist ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

A description of two cases from my time as a school psychologist in the middle of the 1950s forms the background to the following question: Has anything important happened since then in psychological research to help us to a better understanding of how and why individuals think, feel, act, and react as they do in real life and how they develop over time? The studies serve as a background for some general propositions about the nature of the phenomena that concerns us in developmental research, for a summary description of the developments in psychological research over the last 40 years as I see them, and for some suggestions about future directions.

Overcoming the deficiency of refugee mental health research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Kalfic ◽  
Glenn Mitchell ◽  
Lezanne Ooi ◽  
Sibylle Schwab ◽  
Natalie Matosin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Refugee Mental Health ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The growing number of refugees and asylum seekers are one of the most significant global challenges of this generation. We are currently witnessing the highest level of displacement in history, with over 65 million displaced people in the world. Refugees and asylum seekers are at higher risk to develop mental illness due to their trauma and chronic stress exposures, and particularly post-migration stressors. Yet global and Australian psychiatric research in this area is greatly lacking, particularly with respect to our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of risk and resilience to mental illness in traumatised populations. In this Viewpoint, we explore the reasons behind the lack of refugee mental health research and use this context to propose new ways forward. We believe that scientific discovery performed with a multidisciplinary approach will provide the broad evidence-base required to improve refugee mental health. This will also allow us to work towards the removal of damaging policies that prolong and potentiate mental health deterioration among refugees and asylum seekers, which impacts not only on the individuals but also host countries’ social, economic and healthcare systems.

Suicidality and Treatment Experience Among Young People Who Inject Drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti ◽  
Lawrence J. Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Past

Background. We examined correlates of past year suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) and described past year treatment experiences among young people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods. Participants were 570 adults (18-25 years) who injected primarily heroin. Interviews were conducted at field stations operated by Community Outreach Intervention Projects in Chicago, Illinois (USA). Interviewers administered the Psychiatric Research Instrument for Substance and Mental Disorders. Substance use and mental disorders were based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Past year STB was based on multiple questions. Results. Sixteen percent of men and 25% of women reported STB in the past year. In multivariable analysis, STB was associated with non-heterosexual orientation, foster care, and being raised by two parents. Primary major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and borderline personality disorder had independent effects on suicidality. Among those reporting past year STB (n=111), 83% ever received mental health treatment, while 44% did so in the past year. While 24% of respondents indicated that at least one treatment matched their needs very well, 30% reported treatment that did not match their needs at all. The most common reason for ending treatment was program completion (about 50%) while getting better was endorsed by about 25%. Nearly half reported ending treatment due to a bad experience, logistical issues, or expense. Conclusions. Young PWID are at high risk for suicidal behavior and their mental health treatment experiences often do not meet their needs. There is a pressing need for more integrated substance use and mental health treatment.

scholarly journals Global Sensory Impairment Independently Predicts Decreased Social Function Over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
Anna Huang ◽  
Kristen Wroblewski ◽  
Ashwin Kotwal ◽  
Linda Waite ◽  
Martha McClintock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The classical senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) play a key role in social function by allowing interaction and communication. We assessed whether sensory impairment across all 5 modalities (global sensory impairment [GSI]) was associated with social function in older adults. Sensory function was measured in 3,005 home-dwelling older U.S. adults at baseline in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project and GSI, a validated measure, was calculated. Social network size and kin composition, number of close friends, and social engagement were assessed at baseline and 5- and 10-year follow-up. Ordinal logistic regression and mixed effects ordinal logistic regression analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships respectively, controlling for demographics, physical/mental health, disability, and cognitive function (at baseline). Adults with worse GSI had smaller networks (β=-0.159, p=0.021), fewer close friends (β=-0.262, p=0.003) and lower engagement (β=-0.252, p=0.006) at baseline, relationships that persisted at 5 and 10 year follow-up. Men, older people, African-Americans, and those with less education, fewer assets, poor mental health, worse cognitive function, and more disability had worse GSI. Men and those with fewer assets, worse cognitive function, and less education had smaller networks and lower engagement. African-American and Hispanic individuals had smaller networks and fewer close friends, but more engagement. Older respondents also had more engagement. In summary, GSI independently predicts smaller social networks, fewer close friends, and lower social engagement over time, suggesting that sensory decline results in decreased social function. Thus, rehabilitating multisensory impairment may be a strategy to enhance social function as people age.

scholarly journals Levels of physical activity in four domains and affective wellbeing before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane S. Engels ◽  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou ◽  
Anne K. Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
German Population ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Latest studies indicated that the general mental health level is low during the pandemic. Probably, this deterioration of the mental health situation is partly due to declines in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in and the association between affective wellbeing and levels of different domains of physical activity at three time points before and during the pandemic. Method We used a nationwide online panel with a trend data design encompassing a total sample of N = 3517, representing the German population (> 14 years). Four different activity domains (sport and exercise, light outdoor activity, housework/gardening, active travel) and affective wellbeing (positive and negative affect) were assessed at three time points before and during the Covid-19 pandemic (October 2019, March 2020, October 2020). Results Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicate differences regarding affective wellbeing over the three time points with the lowest values at the second time point. Levels of activity in the four domains differed significantly over time with the strongest decrease for sport and exercise from the first to the second time point. Partial correlations indicated that the relationships between sport and exercise and positive affect were most consistent over time. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that physical activity plays a particularly important role in the pandemic period as a protective factor against poor mental health. Especially sports and exercise seem to be supportive and should be encouraged, e.g. by providing additional support in finding adequate outdoor, home-based or digital substitutes.

Making sense of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): An audit of the referral journey and the use of routine outcome measures (ROMS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452199970
Author(s):  
Naomi Gibbons ◽  
Emma Harrison ◽  
Paul Stallard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
North East ◽  
Over Time

Background: There is increased emphasis on the national reporting of Routine Outcome Measures (ROMS) as a way of improving Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). This data needs to be viewed in context so that reasons for outcome completion rates are understood and monitored over time. Method: We undertook an in-depth prospective audit of consecutive referrals accepted into the Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire (BSW) CAMHS service from November 2017 to January 2018 ( n = 1074) and April to September 2019 ( n = 1172). Results: Across both audits 90% of those offered an appointment were seen with three quarters completing baseline ROMS. One in three were not seen again with around 30% still being open to the service at the end of each audit. Of those closed to the service, paired ROMS were obtained for 46% to 60% of cases. There were few changes in referral problems or complexity factors over time. Conclusion: Understanding the referral journey and the reasons for attrition will help to put nationally collected data in context and can inform and monitor service transformation over time.

Treatment alliance and needs of care concerning religiousness and spirituality: A follow-up study among psychiatric inpatients

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110230
Author(s):  
Joke C van Nieuw Amerongen-Meeuse ◽  
Arjan W Braam ◽  
Christa Anbeek ◽  
Jos WR Twisk ◽  
Hanneke Schaap-Jonker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Service Engagement ◽  
Treatment Alliance ◽  
Over Time

Background: Patient satisfaction with religious/spiritual (R/S) care during mental health treatment has been associated with a better treatment alliance. Aims: To investigate the longitudinal relations between (un)met R/S care needs and treatment alliance/compliance over a 6-month period. Method: 201 patients in a Christian (CC) and a secular mental health clinic completed a questionnaire (T0) containing an R/S care needs questionnaire, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and the Service Engagement Scale (SES). After 6 months 136 of them took part in a follow-up (T1). Associations were analysed using hybrid linear mixed models and structural equation modelling. Results: R/S care needs decreased over time, but a similar percentage remained unanswered (e.g. 67% of the needs on R/S conversations in a secular setting). Over a 6-month period, met R/S care needs were associated with a higher WAI score (β = .25; p < .001), and unmet R/S care needs with lower WAI score (β = −.36; p < .001), which were mainly between subjects effects. Patients reporting a high score of unmet R/S care at baseline, reported a decrease in SES over time (β = −.13; p < .05). Conclusions: Satisfaction with R/S care among mental health patients is related to a better treatment alliance. When unmet R/S care needs persist, they precede a decrease in treatment compliance. Mental health professionals are recommended to assess the presence of R/S care needs and consider possibilities of R/S care especially in the first weeks of treatment.

T3 Are Burns a Chronic Condition: Examining Physical and Mental Functioning up to 20 Years After Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S2-S3
Author(s):  
Callie Abouzeid ◽  
Audrey E Wolfe ◽  
Gretchen J Carrougher ◽  
Nicole S Gibran ◽  
Radha K Holavanahalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
National Database ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Burn Survivors ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Burn survivors often face many long-term physical and psychological symptoms associated with their injury. To date, however, few studies have examined the impact of burn injuries on quality of life beyond 2 years post-injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the physical and mental well-being of burn survivors up to 20 years after injury. Methods Data from the Burn Model System National Database (1997–2020) were analyzed. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at discharge with a recall of preinjury status, and then at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after injury. Outcomes examined were the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form-12. Trajectories were developed using linear mixed methods model with repeated measures of PCS and MCS scores over time and controlling for demographic and clinical variables. The model fitted score trajectory was generated with 95% confidence intervals to demonstrate score changes over time and associations with covariates. Results The study population included 420 adult burn survivors with a mean age of 42.4 years. The population was mainly male (66%) and white (76.4%) with a mean burn size of 21.5% and length of hospital stay of 31.3 days. Higher PCS scores were associated with follow-up time points closer to injury, shorter hospital stay, and younger age. Similarly, higher MCS scores were associated with earlier follow-up time points, shorter hospital stay, female gender, and non-perineal burns. MCS trajectories are demonstrated in the Figure. Conclusions Burn survivors’ physical and mental health worsened over time. Such a trend is different from previous reported results for mental health in the general population. Demographic and clinical predictors of recovery over time are identified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document