Megaloads and Mobilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Corrie Grosse
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nez Perce ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Creation Story ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Ways Of Life

From 2011 to 2014 fossil fuel corporations trucked tar sands processing machinery along rural Idaho highways. The machinery was bound for the world's largest deposits of tar or oil sands, a heavy crude oil substance called bitumen, located in the western Canadian province of Alberta. These loads of machinery, what became known as megaloads, encountered much resistance. Throughout Idaho and the surrounding region, a network organized opposition. Neighbors, grassroots organizations, nonprofits, and the Nez Perce and other tribes all collaborated. They held information sessions, protested, waged legal battles, monitored the loads, and blockaded highways. What oil companies hoped would be a cost-effective solution for transporting their megaloads became a David versus Goliath, Coyote versus the Monster—to reference the Nez Perce creation story—struggle to protect rural and indigenous ways of life and sovereignty, and the planet.

A Climate of Change? The Oil Industry and Decarbonization in Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten Boon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Regulatory Pressure ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Fuel Demand ◽  
Vested Interests

Decarbonization has been identified as necessary to preventing catastrophic climate change, creating a dilemma for the global oil industry. This article examines the industry's reaction to this dilemma and focuses on its historical response to market and governmental regulatory pressure. The article argues that differing national climate policies provoked some oil companies to develop proactive decarbonization strategies. However, the continued growth of fossil fuel demand, the industry's vested interests, and the voluntary nature of climate governance have resulted in the industry taking very little meaningful action to achieve decarbonization.

Three‐dimensional seismic exploration—A cost‐effective approach

Geophysics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-823
Author(s):  
F. M. Peterson ◽  
W. C. Reynish
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Data Field

Three‐dimensional (3-D) seismic prospecting is generally perceived as a very expensive tool that is not suitable for use by other than major oil companies or for the solution of conventional exploration geophysics problems. We illustrate how 3-D techniques were used to provide a very cost‐effective solution to a specific exploration project. A basic geologic and historical seismic outline establishes the economic and environmental framework for the survey. Drilling results and comparisons with conventional data illustrate the effectiveness of the 3-D approach. This survey was carried out during February of 1982 in the Black Creek basin of northwestern Alberta. Prolific and abundant Devonian Keg River pinnacle reefs with reserves in the 0.2 to 100 million barrel recoverable categories provide the exploration target. A prospective area of approximately [Formula: see text] was covered with a 165 ft subsurface grid of 1200 percent CDP data. Field data were acquired with a conventional 96-trace dynamite crew using a rolling, crossed‐array technique. Data processing was carried out with a flexible, conventional seismic processing package, including wavelet deconvolution, surface‐consistent statics, 3-D migration, and geologic slice displays. Total cost of the survey was $50,000 Canadian per sq mi. This paper demonstrates the interpretive power of 3-D surveys.

Cost‐effective 3‐D surveying by cooperation between three oil companies

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brink ◽  
P. Andreassen ◽  
B. Ursin‐Holm ◽  
S. Key ◽  
M. N. Luheshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Companies

scholarly journals Air synthesis review: polycyclic aromatic compounds in the oil sands region

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Harner ◽  
Cassandra Rauert ◽  
Derek Muir ◽  
Jasmin K. Schuster ◽  
Yu-Mei Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

This air synthesis review presents the current state of knowledge on the sources, fates, and effects for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and related chemicals released to air in the oil sands region (OSR) in Alberta, Canada. Through the implementation of the Joint Canada–Alberta Oil Sands Monitoring Program in 2012 a vast amount of new information on PACs has been acquired through directed monitoring and research projects and reported to the scientific community and public. This new knowledge addresses questions related to cumulative effects and informs the sustainable management of the oil sands resource while helping to identify gaps in understanding and priorities for future work. As a result of this air synthesis review on PACs, the following topics have been identified as new science priorities: (i) improving emissions reporting to better account for fugitive mining emissions of PACs that includes a broader range of PACs beyond the conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including, inter alia, alkylated-PAHs (alk-PAHs), dibenzothiophene (DBT), alk-DBTs, nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs including quinones and thia- and aza-arenes; (ii) improving information on the ambient concentrations, long-range transport, and atmospheric deposition of these broader classes of PACs and their release (with co-contaminants) from different types of mining activities; (iii) further optimizing electricity-free and cost-effective approaches for assessing PAC deposition (e.g., snow sampling, lichens, passive ambient sampling) spatially across the OSR and downwind regions; (iv) designing projects that integrate monitoring efforts with source attribution models and ecosystem health studies to improve understanding of sources, receptors, and effects; (v) further optimizing natural deposition archives (e.g., sediment, peat, tree rings) and advanced forensic techniques (e.g., isotope analysis, marker compounds) to provide better understanding of sources of PACs in the OSR over space and time; (vi) conducting process research to improve model capabilities for simulating atmospheric chemistry of PACs and assessing exposure to wildlife and humans; and (vii) developing tools and integrated strategies for assessing cumulative risk to wildlife and humans by accounting for the toxicity of the mixture of chemicals in air rather than on a single compound basis.

Performance and Cost Analysis of Conventional Petrol Car Converted Into Solar-Electric Hybrid Car

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karim ◽  
Z. Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Hybrid Car ◽  
Electronic Control System ◽  
Electronic Parts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Costs

Vehicles are getting transformed from a single source of energy to dual or multiple sources of energy due to ever-increasing fuel problems and environment-related issues. Although hybrid vehicles provide environmental friendly option, however, they require sophisticated mechanical, electrical, and electronic parts and systems. As a result, hybrid cars are more expensive than fossil fuel-based conventional cars. One of the cost effective options is to convert used fossil fuel-based conventional cars into hybrid or electric cars. This conversion requires installation of electric motor and complex electronic control system for smooth and safe operation. This paper presents necessary details about the conversion of a conventional fossil fuel-based car into a solar-electric hybrid (SOLECT) car. Conversion of a conventional car into a SOLECT car can help people to save on fuel costs and protect environment.

Has China's Foreign Energy Quest Enhanced Its Energy Security?

2011 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 600-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Shaofeng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn recent years China's national oil companies (NOCs) have proactively ventured abroad to look for more fossil fuel supply. Despite the divided views on their foreign energy quest, previous studies tend to consider the Chinese government and its NOCs to be a monolithic organism, and explicitly or implicitly presuppose that the Chinese NOCs' foreign energy quest could enhance China's energy security. This is, however, an untested hypothesis. To fill the gap, this article assesses the impact of Chinese NOCs' foreign energy quest on the country's energy security. Findings show that the Chinese NOCs have made some progress in their foreign energy quest, which contributes to their coffers and reserves, but that does not mean that China's energy security is greatly enhanced; in particular, the diversity and reliability of China's foreign oil sources are questionable.

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Charging Infrastructure for Electric Ground Fleet in Airports

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110338
Author(s):  
Laura Soares ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Hub Airport ◽  
Cost Differences

Many airports are converting their ground fleets to electric vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase airport operation sustainability. Although this paradigm shift is relevant to the environment, it is necessary to understand the economic feasibility to justify the decision. This study used life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) to compare the economic performance of electrified ground fleets in the airport with a conventional fossil fuel fleet. Three different charging systems (plug-in charging, stationary wireless charging, and dynamic wireless charging) for pushback tractors and inter-terminal buses at a major hub airport were considered in the analysis. Although the conventional fossil fuel options present the lowest initial cost for both fleets, they cost most in a 30-year analysis period. Among three electric charging infrastructures, the plug-in charging station shows the least accumulative cost for pushback tractors, and their cost differences are negligible for inter-terminal buses. Although the electric ground fleet is proved to show economic benefits, the most cost-effective charging infrastructure may vary depending on driving mileage and system design. The use of LCCA to analyze new systems and infrastructures for decision making at the project level is highly recommended.

Engines Powered by Renewable Energy, the Network of Filling Stations and Compatibility Decisions

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Incumbent Firm ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
Pricing Rule ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe paper addresses entry barriers for a new technology - hydrogen powered cars or cars with fuel cell engines - if the network of its filling stations is missing. We use Hotelling’s model of product differentiation to characterize a situation where an incumbent firm produces the old technology, compatible with the existing network of filling stations, and an entrant, who cannot use this network. The oil companies myopically support the use of the original technology based on fossil fuel by following Hotelling’s pricing rule. This encourages the entrant to invest in compatibility. The entrant with the new technology is a Stackelberg leader while the old technology firm is the follower. In the first stage, the entrant invests in the network of filling stations and in the second stage both compete in prices, given the network situation. These two-step models are repeated until the network is compatible or the oil is exhausted. The main positive result is that the fossil fuel powered cars see their market share and profitability decline over time, while the hydrogen firm increasingly prospers. These trends are stronger the stronger are the consumers’ environmental concerns. On the normative side, the privately optimal pace of investment is slower than the socially optimal pace of investment, suggesting policies that would foster the introduction of the hydrogen technology.

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