scholarly journals Climate change governance in the anthropocene: emergence of polycentrism in Chile

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Arriagada ◽  
Paulina Aldunce ◽  
Gustavo Blanco ◽  
Cecilia Ibarra ◽  
Pilar Moraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climate Change Responses ◽  
New Institutions

Multilateral efforts are essential to an effective response to climate change, but individual nations define climate action policy by translating local and global objectives into adaptation and mitigation actions. We propose a conceptual framework to explore opportunities for polycentric climate governance, understanding polycentricity as a property that encompasses the potential for coordinating multiple centers of semiautonomous decision-making. We assert that polycentrism engages a diverse array of public and private actors for a more effective approach to reducing the threat of climate change. In this way, polycentrism may provide an appropriate strategy for addressing the many challenges of climate governance in the Anthropocene. We review two Chilean case studies: Chile’s Nationally Determined Contribution on Climate Change and the Chilean National Climate Change Action Plan. Our examination demonstrates that Chile has included a diversity of actors and directed significant financial resources to both processes. The central government coordinated both of these processes, showing the key role of interventions at higher jurisdictional levels in orienting institutional change to improve strategic planning and better address climate change. Both processes also provide some evidence of knowledge co-production, while at the same time remaining primarily driven by state agencies and directed by technical experts. Efforts to overcome governance weaknesses should focus on further strengthening existing practices for climate change responses, establishing new institutions, and promoting decision-making that incorporates diverse social actors and multiple levels of governance. In particular, stronger inclusion of local level actors provides an opportunity to enhance polycentric modes of governance and improve climate change responses. Fully capitalizing on this opportunity requires establishing durable communication channels between different levels of governance.

scholarly journals Responding to Climate-Induced Displacement in Bangladesh: A Governance Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7788
Author(s):  
Chakma Kisinger ◽  
Kenichi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Extreme Weather Events

Population displacement by extreme weather events have long plagued Bangladesh, a low-lying disaster-prone river delta. The country experiences yearly displacement of approximately one million people and losses of about 1% of its gross domestic product due to cyclones, floods, and riverbank erosion. This study examines how the Bangladesh government has managed climate-induced displacement with a particular focus on socioeconomic development policies. We analyzed the country’s 1984 Land Reform Ordinance, the 2009 climate change strategy and action plan, the 1997 agricultural khasland settlement policy, perspective plan for 2010–2021, poverty reduction strategy paper, and five-year plans to understand governance changes for displaced communities. We found that, overall, the central government implemented four main strategies. In the first strategy, Bangladesh resettled displaced people in cluster villages on public lands. Then, it provided life skills training (e.g., leadership, disaster preparedness, income generation) to rehabilitate the residents. The third strategy was to align resettlement efforts with local-level climate change adaptation and poverty reduction activities. Here, the central government and its seventeen departments collaborated with local councils to support resettled households under the social safety program. The fourth strategy was to diversify financial resources by obtaining more fund from donors and establishing its own financial mechanism. However, we also found that the decision-making and implementation process remained top-down without need assessment and community participation. This paper intends to offer insights on how similar challenged countries and regions may respond to climate displacement in the future.

Contentious Capitol Climates

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-90
Author(s):  
Michael Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Contemporary Climate

Describes the tension between global environmental protection and a local focus on the most disadvantaged communities. The chapter analyzes the development of California’s landmark climate change legislation: Assembly Bill (AB) 32. It illustrates the contentious nature of defining climate change and how the entanglements of diverse knowledges and worldviews shape contemporary climate governance and decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Enhancing resilience through capacity building in LCCAP formulation in the local government of Aurora, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Pulhin ◽  
Maricel A. Tapia-Villamayor ◽  
Catherine L. de Luna ◽  
Rex Victor O. Cruz ◽  
Aileen S. Peria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Collaborative Advantage

Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) and Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) provide the scientific and legal platform for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Philippines. This APN CAPaBLE project responds to the limited technical capacity of local government units (LGUs) to comply with this requirement through collaborative capacity building. Evaluation of CDRA and LCCAP led to a National Interagency Technical and Policy Forum to formulate action plans and fast-track preparations. The initial stage of the project demonstrated collaborative advantage as a condition for mobilizing human and financial resources was enabled. Collaborative inertia set in once the technical limitations of Aurora LGUs surfaced to complete the CDRA. This mirrored the results of the institutional capacity survey, administered to 87 disaster risk reduction and management Technical Working Group (TWG) members, highlighting the LGUs limitations in data availability and functional knowledge on climate change. Thus, a shift in capacity building strategy through focused mentoring and managing LGU expectations was done. The Aurora LGUs successfully completed its CDRA and LCCAP requirements through a lengthy and arduous process. It was acknowledged that CDRA preparation has a steep learning curve and competes heavily with other multiple functions and pressing demands from the LGUs. The national interagency forum resolution suggested that the CDRA be assigned to another government agency while LGUs shift capacity development initiatives to understanding and mainstreaming scientific assessment into local plans. The project experience highlights the difficult, yet promising, path to human security development and resilience building and underscored prudence and urgency of adaptation planning at the local level.

An overview of the EUCP project – towards improved European Climate Predictions and Projections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Lowe ◽  
Carol McSweeney ◽  
Chris Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Model Ensembles ◽  
Public And Private Sector

<p>There is clear evidence that, even with the most favourable emission pathways over coming decades, there will be a need for society to adapt to the impacts of climate variability and change. To do this regional, national and local actors need up-to-date information on the changing climate with clear accompanying detail on the robustness of the information. This needs to be communicated to both public and private sector organisations, ideally as part of a process of co-developing solutions.</p><p>EUCP is an H2020 programme that began in December 2017 with the aim of researching and testing the provision of improved climate predictions and projections for Europe for the next 40+ years, and drawing on the expertise of researchers from a number of major climate research institutes across Europe. It is also engaging with users of climate change information through a multiuser forum (MUF) to ensure that what we learn will match the needs of the people who need if for decision making and planning.</p><p>The first big issue that EUCP seeks to address is how better to use ensembles of climate model projections, moving beyond the one-model-one-vote philosophy. Here, the aim is to better understand how model ensembles might be constrained or sub-selected, and how multiple strands of information might be combined into improved climate change narratives or storylines. The second area where EUCP is making progress is in the use of very high-resolution regional climate simulations that are capable of resolving aspects of atmospheric convection. Present day and future simulations from a new generation of regional models ae being analysed in EUCP and will be used in a number of relevant case studies. The third issue that EUCP will consider is how to make future simulations more seamless across those time scales that are most relevant user decision making. This includes generating a better understanding of predictability over time and its sources in initialised forecasts, and also how to transition from the initialised forecasts to longer term boundary forced climate projections.</p><p>This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges being addressed by EUCP and the approaches the project is using.</p><p><br><br></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Well-being at the Local Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Making

The Institute for Governance and Policy Studies, in partnership with Victoria University of Wellington’s Health and Wellbeing distinctiveness theme steering group, hosted a symposium on ‘The Four Wellbeings for Local Government’ on 26 February 2019. The symposium heard brief presentations from eight invitees from local government, central government, the private sector and NGOs: Justin Lester, Lyn Patterson, Karen Thomas, Peter McKinlay, Wayne Mulligan, Meg Williams, Danielle Shanahan and Suzy Morrissey. Inspired by these addresses and by the ensuing discussion, this article considers what the reintroduction of the ‘four well-beings’ into the Local Government Act might mean for local decision making.

scholarly journals Development of a Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Using a Public Health Lens to Determine Local Health Vulnerabilities: An Ontario Health Unit Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Levison ◽  
Ainslie Butler ◽  
Steven Rebellato ◽  
Brenda Armstrong ◽  
Marina Whelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Local Public Health

Climate change is negatively impacting the health of Canadians and is accordingly expected to have a significant impact on public health agencies and their response to these health impacts throughout the twenty-first century. While national and international research and assessments have explored the potential human health impacts of climate change, few assessments have explored the implications of climate change from a local public health perspective. An applied research approach to expand local knowledge and action of health vulnerabilities through a climate change action plan and vulnerability assessment was utilized by a local public health agency. Adoption and adaptation of the approach used may be valuable for public health organizations to assist their communities. Through completing a vulnerability assessment, an evidentiary base was generated for public health to inform adaptation actions to reduce negative health impacts and increase resiliency. Challenges in completing vulnerability assessments at the local level include the framing and scoping of health impacts and associated indicators, as well as access to internal expertise surrounding the analysis of data. While access to quantitative data may be limiting at the local level, qualitative data can enhance knowledge of local impacts, while also supporting the creation of key partnerships with community stakeholders which can ensure climate action continues beyond the scope of the vulnerability assessment.

scholarly journals The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: National Action Plans Toward Corporation Responsibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan ◽  
Desak Putu Dewi Kasih ◽  
I Gede Agus Kurniawan ◽  
Putu Aras Samsithawrati
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
The Government

As a global principal, corporations have the obligation to comply with national and international hard law of human rights, respect soft laws and global standards. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (GPs) of 2011 were unanimously endorsed by the Human Rights Council and are respected as a global standard that stipulates that corporations should respect human rights when conducting their business activities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the scope and focus of National Action Plans (NAPs) by comparing the Netherlands NAP on Human Rights (2013) is compared to the UK’s updated NAP of 2016 with the aim of providing ideas and good examples of a NAP for Indonesia. This study used normative legal method. It is considered to be a valuable lesson both for developed and developing countries that for practical matters it is highly important to create and implement a NAP for the implementation of the GPs. Fortunately, Indonesia in June 2017 has launched a National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights (NAP). The burden responsibility to carry out the NAP on Business and Human Rights to corporation to be implemented strongly rests on the government authorities both central government and all levels authorities, including the local level, have the duty to implement human rights obligation, including to convince corporations that upholding the GPs will ultimately be to their benefit.

Climate Change Governance, International Relations, and Politics: A Transnational Law Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 930-952
Author(s):  
Stephen Minas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Climate Change Governance

This chapter applies a transnational law perspective to climate change governance. Climate change is increasing the interdependence of different states and economic activities, as the consequences of greenhouse gas emissions from somewhere are felt everywhere. This has prompted an international climate politics in which diverse actors grapple with growing interdependencies. The transnational nature of the climate crisis is however but partially reflected in international climate law. The chapter argues that the Paris Agreement has the potential, as a central node in a still-heterarchical climate governance, to interlink instruments and mechanisms from different levels of law and from the public and private sectors. The chapter also draws attention to interactions with often-overlooked sites of climate governance, including transnational commercial law, private international law, and contractual dispute resolution. It concludes with suggestions for further work in the domains of scholarship and practice.

Life after public employment retrenchment: evidence from Italian municipalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Auricchio ◽  
Emanuele Ciani ◽  
Alberto Dalmazzo ◽  
Guido de Blasio
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We investigate the interaction between public and private employment at the local level. In contrast to previous literature, which has mainly examined public sector expansions, we provide evidence about the impact of downsizing. Using data from Italian municipalities, the IV strategy we adopt here exploits the fact that the contraction in public employment observed between the last two Censuses (2001–2011) was strongly influenced by the decision made by central government, with little reference to local economic conditions. Our results suggest that exogenous reductions in public employment stimulate the growth of private jobs, mostly in tradables. The change in local prices, especially for housing services, represents a relevant channel for the interplay between the tradable and non-tradable sectors.

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