The Enlightened Image of Nature in the Dutch East Indies: Consequences of Postmodernist Doctrine for Broad Structures and Intimate Life

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Pyenson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social History ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Intimate Life

Eighteenth-century natural-history illustration in the Dutch East Indies reveals verisimilitude as a goal shared between colonial artists and their counterparts in Europe. Natural-history images more generally exhibit common styles in the world settled and dominated by Europeans. Apparently dramatic differences in the local settings of the artists produced only trivial variations in representing nature pictorially, in just the way that astronomy and physics in the European colonies and spheres of influence departed hardly at all from European practice. The overwhelming strength of disciplinary norms, in science and in art, is the standard explanation for this circumstance. An alternative explanation from social history is proposed. It centers on the hypothesis of a homology between households in colonial settings and in Europe. The alternative explanation implies that both the observatory and the artist's workshop were insensitive to superstructural variation in costume and architecture, as well as variation in climate and cuisine. The hypothesis behind the alternative explanation, designated by the term complementarity, derives directly from the postmodernist dictum that ideas are extrusions of social interactions. Nevertheless, just as the strength of disciplinary norms is unresolved in postmodernist doctrine, so complementarity directly challenges the postmodernist predilection for affirming the distinctiveness of colonial cultures.

scholarly journals IKLAN ENAMEL DAN PENGGAMBARAN PERUBAHAN KOTA DI ZAMAN HINDIA BELANDA

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Rima Melati
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The City

Ads enamel is present as part of a media phenomenon in the world of advertisingcommunication made with a complex reproductive techniques and has a characteristic thatdistinguishes it from other advertising media. Factors affecting the visual content of the message inthe repertoire of developmental enamel advertising in Indonesia, developed along with the progressespecially in the areas of economy, as well as an attempt penetration with idioms - idioms to suit itstarget market.The next development was the emergence of new ideas in making an alternativeadvertisement-based enamel, such as the packaging of food products (packaging), ashtrays, trays ortrays, seat backrest, backrest calendar, memo backrest, clocks, thermometers and so giant thatcreated with an attractive design.Keywords: Ads enamel, Delineation change the city, Past the Dutch East Indies

scholarly journals “None of Them Could Say They Ever Had Seen Them, but Only Had It from Others”: Encounters with Animals in Eighteenth-Century Natural Histories of Greenland

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Helen Parish
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Christian Mission ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Natural Histories

The pages of early modern natural histories expose the plasticity of the natural world, and the variegated nature of the encounter between human and animal in this period. Descriptions of the flora and fauna reflect this kind of negotiated encounter between the world that is seen, that which is heard about, and that which is constructed from the language of the sacred text of scripture. The natural histories of Greenland that form the basis of this analysis exemplify the complexity of human–animal encounters in this period, and the intersections that existed between natural and unnatural, written authority and personal testimony, and culture, belief, and ethnography in natural histories. They invite a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which animals and people interact in the making of culture, and demonstrate the contribution made by such texts to the study of animal encounters, cultures, and concepts. This article explores the intersection between natural history and the work of Christian mission in the eighteenth century, and the connections between personal encounter, ethnography, history, and oral and written tradition. The analysis demonstrates that European natural histories continued to be anthropocentric in content and tone, the product of what was believed, as much as what was seen.

scholarly journals The Birth of Biopower in Eighteenth-Century Germany

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Stein
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Optimum Population ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times

In April 2009, Sir David Attenborough, the respected face and voice of British natural history programmes for more than fifty years, became the patron of a new charity, the Optimum Population Trust (OPT), an organisation campaigning to limit the world's population. His reason for accepting the honour, he confessed to The Times, was that he was terribly worried about the dramatic increase of the world's population and the effect it was having on the quality of human life throughout the world:There are three times as many people in the world as when I started making television programmes only a mere fifty-six years ago. It is frightening. We can't go on as we have been. We are seeing the consequences in terms of ecology, atmospheric pollution and in terms of the space and food production.

scholarly journals Gli erbari aretini da Andrea Cesalpino ai giorni nostri

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Over Time

The production of this book has been made possible by the collaboration of a number of scholars and the generosity of the Arezzo Provincial Authority. It provides detailed descriptions of the contents of precious botanical collections amassed by natives of Arezzo, or simply conserved in institutions situated within the territory. The book provides an overview of both herbals of dried plants and painted herbals from the sixteenth century up to the present, starting from the one created in 1563 by the Arezzo doctor Andrea Cesalpino. The first herbal in the world to be organised through systematic criteria, this collection is now in the Botanical Section of the Florence University Museum of Natural History, together with another small eighteenth-century herbal produced by a pharmacist from Cortona, Agostino Coltellini. Conserved in Cortona itself is another eighteenth-century herbal, this one painted by Mattia Moneti, while in Castiglion Fiorentino and Poppi respectively are the intriguing collections of the Hortus siccus pisanus (18th century) and of the Biblioteca Rilliana (late 17th century). Also described in the book is a herbal from the Convent of La Verna (18th century) and the Egyptian herbal of Jacob Corinaldi (19th century), conserved in Montevarchi. Finally there are also the modern herbals, illustrating the continuity over time of a practice that is the foundation of all systematic study. The book is in fact rounded off by an anastatic reprint of the description of the Cesalpino herbal published in 1858, which is still a seminal work for studies such as those contained in this collection.

All Production Is Reproduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-108
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Wallmann
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
French Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Entire Economy

The aim of this article is to probe the connections between two key fields of knowledge of the French Enlightenment: political economy and natural history. It does so by analyzing the uses of reproduction, a term that eighteenth-century political economists imported from natural history. While historians of knowledge have demonstrated the crucial role played by political and economic concerns in the practices of naturalists, intent on improving their nation, the significance of natural history for the development of political economy has not been sufficiently analyzed. Studying side-by-side the works of the period’s most famous school of political economy, the physiocrats, and one of its most influential naturalists, the Comte de Buffon, the paper demonstrates that the physiocrats adopted not only the term from natural historians, but also the conceptual baggage that accompanied it. Buffon radically reconceptualized the reproduction of living beings as a process governed by natural laws and not divine intervention. As the paper argues, the physiocrats’ political-economic system was based on precisely such a conception of the natural laws of reproduction, which they extended from the world of the living to the entire economy of the nation.

scholarly journals Tentang Kepemimpinan Ki Hajar Dewantoro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irwandi ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The World ◽  
Education School ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The City ◽  
Dutch Children

Ki Hajar Dewantoro was born at Yogyakarta on 2 May 1819, he is the father of Indonesian education and an Indonesian hero. Ki Hajar Dewantoro was born with the name Raden Mas Suwardi Soerjaningrat, then now we know him by the name of Ki Hajar Dewantoro. On each day of his birth it will be commemorated as an education day. Ki Hajar Dewantoro was born in a noble family. Ki Hajar Dewantoro is the grandson of GPH Soerjanigrat, who is the grandson of Pakualam III. Born as a noble, he was entitled to education in nobility. Ki Hajar Dewantoro first attended ELS, namely a school for Dutch children and children from noble groups. After ELS he continued his education at Stovia, a medical education school created for natives located in the city of Batavia during the colonial era of the Dutch East Indies. Despite attending school at Stovia, Ki Hajar Dewantoro did not have time to finish it because he suffered pain at that time. Ki Hajar Dewantoro was interested in the world of journalists and writing, so as a journalist, Ki Hajar Dewantoro's writing style tended to sharply reflect the anti-colonial spirit. Ki Hajar Dewantoro joined the Budi Utomo organization, which is a social and political organization. Ki Hajar Dewantoro was also the founder of Taman Siswa and taught at the school. Ki Hajar Dewantoro has a famous motto, namely; (1) Ing ngarso the tulodo, (2) Ing madya mangun karso, (3) Tut wuri handayani.

scholarly journals Moldear la danza-drama barong en el Bali paradisiaco: discursos orientalistas de Miguel Covarrubias y sus redes

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-105
Author(s):  
Judith E. Bosnak
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Cultural Icon ◽  
East Indies ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The World ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Colonial Government

IIn the 1930s Mexican artist Miguel Covarrubias carried out fieldwork in Bali, an island of the Dutch East Indies. A few years before his arrival, the colonial government had implemented cultural and educational policies, known as “balinization,” meant to preserve Balinese “unique” culture and to ward off external influences like Islam and nationalism. Efforts to Balinize the Balinese by Dutch Orientalist scholar-administrators went hand in hand with creative endeavours of a group of bohemian expatriates to promote Bali and to promote themselves to the world as quintessentially different. Cosmopolitan Covarrubias was at the basis of the romantic image making of “paradise” Bali by dedicating himself to ethnographic recording of a world that might soon be lost. Eager to register “pure” Balinese culture, he actively participated in shaping performing arts. Covarrubias and his networks turned barong dance into a cultural icon.

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